כָּל זַיִת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ שֵׁם בַּשָּׂדֶה, אֲפִלּוּ כְּזֵית הַנְּטוֹפָה בִּשְׁעָתוֹ, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּשְׁמוֹ וּבְמַעֲשָׂיו וּבִמְקוֹמוֹ. בִּשְׁמוֹ, שֶׁהָיָה שִׁפְכוֹנִי אוֹ בֵישָׁנִי. בְּמַעֲשָׂיו, שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה הַרְבֵּה. בִּמְקוֹמוֹ, שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בְּצַד הַגַּת אוֹ בְצַד הַפִּרְצָה. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַזֵּיתִים, שְׁנַיִם שִׁכְחָה, וּשְׁלשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֵין שִׁכְחָה לַזֵּיתִים: An olive tree that has a name in the field, such as the olive tree of Netofah in its time, and he forgot it, it is not deemed “forgotten.” To what does this apply? [Only to a tree distinguished] by its name, produce, or position. “By its name:” if it were a shifkhoni or beshani. “By its produce:” if it yields large quantities. “By its position:” if it stands at the side of the winepress or near the gap in the fence. Other kinds of olive trees: two are deemed “forgotten”, but three are not deemed “forgotten.” Rabbi Yose says: there is no law of “forgotten” for olive trees.

זַיִת שֶׁנִּמְצָא עוֹמֵד בֵּין שָׁלשׁ שׁוּרוֹת שֶׁל שְׁנֵי מַלְבְּנִים וּשְׁכָחוֹ, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. זַיִת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ סָאתַיִם, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא הִתְחִיל בּוֹ. אֲבָל אִם הִתְחִיל בּוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ כְּזֵית הַנְּטוֹפָה בִּשְׁעָתוֹ, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, יֶשׁ לוֹ שִׁכְחָה. כָּל זְמַן שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ תַחְתָּיו, יֶשׁ לוֹ בְרֹאשׁוֹ. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁתֵּלֵךְ הַמַּחֲבֵא: An olive tree found standing between three rows [of olive trees] which have two plots separating them, and he forgot it, it is deemed, “forgotten.” An olive tree containing two seahs and he forgot it, it is not deemed forgotten. To what does this apply? Only when he [the owner] had not yet begun [to harvest the tree], but if he had begun, even if it were like the olive tree of Netofah in its time, and he forgot it, it is deemed forgotten. As long as the owner has some of the olives belonging to him at the foot of the tree, he has [possession] of those on top of the tree. Rabbi Meir says: [forgotten applies only] after [those with] the beating-rod have gone.

אֵיזֶהוּ פֶרֶט, הַנּוֹשֵׁר בִּשְׁעַת הַבְּצִירָה. הָיָה בוֹצֵר, עָקַץ אֶת הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל, הֻסְבַּךְ בֶּעָלִים, נָפַל מִיָּדוֹ לָאָרֶץ וְנִפְרַט, הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. הַמַּנִּיחַ אֶת הַכַּלְכָּלָה תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא בוֹצֵר, הֲרֵי זֶה גּוֹזֵל אֶת הָעֲנִיִּים, עַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר (משלי כב) אַל תַּסֵּג גְּבוּל עוֹלִים: What is peret? [Grapes] which fall down during the harvesting. If while he was harvesting [the grapes], he cut off an entire cluster by its stalk, and it got tangled up in the [grape] leaves, and then it fell from his hand to the ground and the single berries were separated, it belongs to the owner. One who places a basket under the vine when he is harvesting [the grapes], behold he is a robber of the poor. Concerning him it is said: “Do not remove the landmark of those that come up (olim)” (Proverbs 22:28).

הַמֵּדֵל בַּגְּפָנִים, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא מֵדֵל בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, כֵּן הוּא מֵדֵל בְּשֶׁל עֲנִיִּים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, בְּשֶׁלּוֹ הוּא רַשַּׁאי, וְאֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי בְּשֶׁל עֲנִיִּים: One who is thinning out vines, just as he may thin out in that which belongs to him, so too he may thin out in that which belongs to the poor, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: in that which belongs to him, he is permitted, but he is not permitted in that which belongs to the poor.

כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ, וְאֵין לוֹ בִעוּר. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ פֶרֶט וְיֶשׁ לוֹ עוֹלְלוֹת, וְהָעֲנִיִּים פּוֹדִין לְעַצְמָן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלּוֹ לַגַּת: [The grapes of] a vineyard in its fourth year:Bet Shammai says: the laws of the added fifth and removal do not apply to them; But Bet Hillel says: they do. Bet Shammai says: the laws of peret and the defective clusters apply to them, and the poor can redeem the grapes for themselves. But Bet Hillel says: all [of them] go to the wine-press.

כֶּרֶם שֶׁכֻּלּוֹ עוֹלְלוֹת, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לְבַעַל הַבָּיִת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לָעֲנִיִּים. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, כִּי תִבְצֹר לֹא תְעוֹלֵל (דברים כד), אִם אֵין בָּצִיר, מִנַּיִן עוֹלְלוֹת. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, וְכַרְמְךָ לֹא תְעוֹלֵל (ויקרא יט), אֲפִלּוּ כֻלּוֹ עוֹלְלוֹת, אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר כִּי תִבְצֹר לֹא תְעוֹלֵל, אֵין לָעֲנִיִּים בָּעוֹלְלוֹת קֹדֶם הַבָּצִיר: A vineyard which consists entirely of defective clusters: Rabbi Eliezer says: it belongs to the owner. Rabbi Akiva says: to the poor. Rabbi Eliezer: “When you harvest the grapes of your vineyard, do not take the defective clusters” (Deuteronomy 24:21). If there is no grape harvesting, how can there be “defective clusters”? Rabbi Akiva said to him: “And from your vineyard do not take the defective clusters” (Leviticus 19:10) even if it consists entirely of defective clusters. If that is so, why is it said: “When you harvest the grapes of your vineyard, do not take the defective clusters”? [This teaches that] the poor have no right to claim the defective clusters before the harvest.

הַמַּקְדִּישׁ כַּרְמוֹ עַד שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדְעוּ בוֹ הָעוֹלְלוֹת, אֵין הָעוֹלְלוֹת לָעֲנִיִּים. מִשֶּׁנּוֹדְעוּ בוֹ הָעוֹלְלוֹת, הָעוֹלְלוֹת לָעֲנִיִּים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, יִתְּנוּ שְׂכַר גִּדּוּלָיו לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ. אֵיזֶה הִיא שִׁכְחָה בֶּעָרִיס, כָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִפְשֹׁט אֶת יָדוֹ וְלִטְּלָהּ, וּבְרֹגְלִיּוֹת, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲבֹר הֵימֶנָּה: One who dedicates his entire vineyard [to the Temple] before the “defective clusters” were recognizable, the “defective clusters” do not belong to the poor. After the defective clusters were recognizable, then they do belong to the poor. Rabbi Yose says: [the poor] must give the value of their improved growth to the Temple. What is deemed “forgotten” in the case of a trellis [a lattice for supporting plants]? Anything that one can no longer stretch his hand and take it. And in the case of ground-trained vines? From the time [the gatherers] pass by it.