וַיִּשָּׂא עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה שְׁלֹשָׁה אֲנָשִׁים נִצָּבִים עָלָיו וַיַּרְא וַיָּרָץ לִקְרָאתָם. הִתְחִיל דַּם הַמִּילָה לְטַפְטֵף. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: בִּשְׂכַר חַיֶּיךָ, שֶׁבִּזְכוּתְךָ אֲנִי אָחוּס עַל בָּנֶיךָ בִּשְׁנֵי דָמִים וְאֶפָּרַע מִשֹּׂוֹנְאֵיהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַאֶעֱבֹר עָלַיִךְ וָאֶרְאֵךְ מִתְבּוֹסֶסֶת בְּדָמַיִךְ (יחזקאל טז, ו), שְׁנֵי דָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וָאֹמַר לָךְ בְּדָמַיִךְ חֲיִי, זֶה דַם פֶּסַח. וָאֹמַר לָךְ בְּדָמַיִךְ חֲיִי, זֶה דַם הַמִּילָה. And he lifted up his eyes and looked, and lo, three men stood over against him; and when he saw them, he ran to meet them (Gen. 18:1). Thereupon the blood flowed once again from his circumcision. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Him: By your life, in reward for your meritorious behavior, I will have compassion upon your descendants in two situations involving blood, and I will exact retribution from their enemies through blood. It is said: When I passed by thee, and saw thee wallowing in thy blood (Ezek. 16:6). Two different experiences relating to blood are indicated here, for Scripture says immediately thereafter: I said unto thee: In thy blood, live (ibid.). The word blood in the first verse refers to the blood of the paschal lamb.4Bava Mezia 87a. The blood of the lamb on the doorposts in Egypt. The word blood in the second, yea, I said unto thee: In thy blood, live (ibid.), refers to the blood of the circumcision.
וַיַּרְא וַיָּרָץ לִקְרָאתָם. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: בִּשְׂכַר שְׁלֹשׁ רִיצוֹת שֶׁרַצְתָּ, אֲנִי אָרוּץ לִפְנֵי בָנֶיךָ שָׁלֹש רִיצוֹת בִּשְׁעַת מַתַּן תּוֹרָה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן שָׁלֹש רִיצוֹת שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם, וַיַּרְא וַיָּרָץ לִקְרָאתָם, וְאֶל הַבָּקָר רָץ אַבְרָהָם, וַיְמַהֵר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֹתוֹ. מַה פָּרַע לְבָנָיו, בְּסִינַי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֹּאמַר, ה' מִסִּינַי בָּא וְזָרַח מִשֵּׂעִיר לָמוֹ הוֹפִיעַ מֵהַר פָּארָן (דברים לג, ב). When he saw them, he ran to meet them (Gen. 18:1). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: In reward for hastening three times, I will hasten three times to your descendants at the time of the giving of the Torah. The three times when Abraham hastened are as follows: And when he saw them, he ran to meet them, etc. (ibid.); And Abraham hastened into the tent (ibid., v. 6); And Abraham ran unto the herd (ibid., v. 7). What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do for his descendants at Sinai? It is said: And he said: The Lord came from Sinai, and rose from Seir unto them; He shined forth from Mount Paran (Deut. 33:2).
אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ לָהֶן יֻקַּח, אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לְבָנֶיךָ מִצְוַת פֶּסַח, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְיִקְחוּ לָהֶם אִישׁ שֶׂה (שמות יב, ג). אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ לָהֶן נָא, אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לְבָנֶיךָ מִצְוַת פֶּסַח, אַל תֹּאכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ נָא (שמות יב, ט). אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ מְעַט, אֲנִי אֲגָרֵשׁ אֶת שׂוֹנְאֵיהֶן מְעַט מְעַט, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: מְעַט מְעַט אֲגָרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ (שמות כג, ל). אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ מַיִם, אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לָהֶם בְּאֵר מַיִם בַּמִּדְבָּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֲלִי בְאֵר (במדבר כא, יז). אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ וְרַחֲצוּ רַגְלֵיכֶם, אֲנִי אֶרְחָצֵם מִכָּל טֻמְאָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אִם רָחַץ אֲדֹנָי אֵת צֹאַת בְּנוֹת צִיּוֹן (ישעיה ד, ד). אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ וְהִשָּׁעֲנוּ תַּחַת הָעֵץ, אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לָהֶם מִצְוַת סֻכָּה, דִּכְתִיב: צְאוּ הָהָר וְהָבִיאוּ עֲלֵי זַיִת וַעֲלֵי עֵץ שֶׁמֶן וַעֲלֵי הֲדָס וְגוֹ' (נחמיה ח, טו). אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ וְאֶקְחָה פַת לֶחֶם, אֲנִי מַמְטִיר לָכֶם לֶחֶם (שמות טז, ד). אַתָּה לָקַחְתָּ חֶמְאָה וְחָלָב, אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לָהֶם חֶמְאַת בָּקָר וַחֲלֵב צֹאן (דברים לב, יד). Because you said: Let now a little water be fetched, and wash your feet, and recline yourselves under the tree (Gen. 18:4), I will give the precept of the paschal lamb to thy descendants, as it is said: They shall fetch to them every man a lamb (Exod. 12:3). Because you said to them Let now (na), I will give your descendants the ordinance of the Passover: You shall not eat of it raw (na) (ibid., v. 20). Because you did say A little, I will drive their enemies away little by little, as it is said: By little and little I will drive them out from before you (ibid. 23:30). Inasmuch as you said water, I will give them a well in the desert, as is said: Spring up, O well (Num. 21:7). Since you said wash your feet, I will wash away all the impurity of your descendants, as it is said: When the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughter of Zion (Isa. 4:4). Because you did say: Recline yourselves under a tree, I will give them the precept of the sukkah, as it is written: Go forth unto the mount and fetch olive branches (Neh. 8:15). In return for your saying: I will fetch a morsel of bread, I will cause to rain bread from heaven (Exod. 16:4). And inasmuch as you offered curd and milk, I will give you curd of kine and milk of sheep (Deut. 32:14).
מִכָּאן שָׁנוּ חֲכָמִים, שֶׁהַצַּדִּיקִים אוֹמְרִים מְעַט וְעוֹשִׂין הַרְבֵּה, שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶן אַבְרָהָם וְאֶקְחָה פַת לֶחֶם וְסַעֲדוּ לִבְּכֶם, וּבָאַחֲרוֹנָה עָשָׂה לָהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה שְׁוָרִים וְתֵשַׁע סְאִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיְמַהֵר אַבְרָהָם הָאֹהֶלָה וְגוֹ', מַהֲרִי שְׁלֹשׁ סְאִים כְּמַשְׁמָעָן, קֶמַח שָׁלֹש הֲרֵי שֵׁשׁ, סֹלֶת שָׁלֹשׁ הֲרֵי תֵשַׁע. From this episode our sages taught that the righteous say little but do much. Abraham said: I will fetch a morsel of bread, and stay ye your heart, although he actually prepared three oxen and nine measures of meal for them, as is stated: And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah and said: “Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal (s’im kemah solet); knead it and make cakes” (Gen. 18:6). This verse indicates that nine measures were used in all: three measures, three measures of fine, and three measures of meal, totaling nine measures in all.5The terms s’im, kemah, and solet each indicate a different kind of flour.
וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה שְׁוָרִים? דִּכְתִיב וַיִּקַּח בֶּן בָּקָר רַךְ וָטוֹב. בֶּן אֶחָד, בָּקָר שְׁנַיִם, רַךְ שְׁלֹשָׁה, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: וָטוֹב אַרְבָּעָה. How do we know that he took three oxen? It is written: And he took an offspring of an ox, tender and good (ibid., v. 8). An offspring stands for one ox; an ox for a second; and tender for the third ox. Others insist that the word good indicates that he took a fourth ox.
אַף הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אָמַר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל מְעַט וְעָשָׂה הַרְבֵּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יָדֹעַ תֵּדַע כִּי גֵר יִהְיֶה זַרְעֲךָ וְגוֹ', וְגַם אֶת הַגּוֹי אֲשֶׁר יַעֲבֹדוּ דָּן אָנֹכִי (בראשית טו, יג-יד), לֹא אָמַר לוֹ אֶלָּא בְּדָלֶ״ת וְנוּ״ן. לַסּוֹף נִפְרַע מֵהֶן בְּע״ב אוֹתִיּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אוֹ הֲנִסָּה אֱלֹהִים לָבוֹא לָקַחַת לוֹ גוֹי וְגוֹ' (דברים ד, לד). אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן, מִלָּבוֹא לָקַחַת לוֹ גוֹי עַד מוֹרָאִים גְּדוֹלִים, ע״ב אוֹתִיּוֹת הוּא. The Holy One, blessed be He, also promised little to Israel but did much in her behalf, as it is said: Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs…. that nation whom they serve will I judge (Gen. 15:13–14). He promised at first to judge the nations with the letters dalet and nun (which spell dan, “judge”), but ultimately He exacted retribution from them by means of seventy-two letters, as implied in the verse Or hath God assayed to go and take Him a nation from the midst of another nation by trials, by signs, and by wonders, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by an outstretched arm, and by great terrors? (Deut. 4:34). R. Yudan explained that there are seventy-two Hebrew letters between the words to go until great terrors.
וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁהָרְשָׁעִים אוֹמְרִים הַרְבֵּה וַאֲפִלּוּ מְעַט אֵינָן עוֹשִׂין? שֶׁכֵּן מָצִינוּ בְּעֶפְרוֹן שֶׁאָמַר לְאַבְרָהָם, הַשָּׂדֶה נָתַתִּי לָךְ וְגוֹ' (בראשית כג, כג), וְלַסּוֹף אָמַר אֶרֶץ אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף בֵּינִי וּבֵינְךָ מַה הִיא? מַה דְּלָא הַוְיָא שַׁוְיָא, Whence do we know that the wicked say much but do not do even a little? We find this illustrated by Ephron, who at first said to Abraham: The field I give thee, and the cave that is therein I give thee (Gen. 23:11), only to declare later: The land is worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that betwixt me and thee? (ibid., v. 15), which it was not worth.
דְּאָמַר רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָה כָּל שְׁקָלִים הָאֲמוּרִין בַּתּוֹרָה סְלָעִים, וְשֶׁבַּנְּבִיאִים לִיטְרִין, וְשֶׁבַּכְּתוּבִים קַנְטָרִין, בַּר מִשִּׁקְלֵי עֶפְרוֹן דְּאִנּוּן קַנְטָרִין, דִּכְתִיב: בְּכֶסֶף מָלֵא יִתְּנֶנָּה לִּי בְּתוֹכְכֶם לַאֲחֻזַּת קָבֶר. R. Hanina stated: Whenever a shekel is mentioned in the Pentateuch, its value is a sela; when it is mentioned in the Prophets, its value is a litra; and when it is referred to in the Hagiographa, its worth is that of a centenaria.61 sela = 1 sacred shekel or 2 common shekels; 1 litra = 1/4 shekel; 1 centenaria = 100,000 sesterces. But the shekel mentioned by Ephron had the value of a centenaria, for it is written: For the full price, let him give it to me in the midst of you for a possession of a burying-place (Gen. 23:9).