וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי. שִׁשָּׁה דְּבָרִים נִקְרְאוּ לוֹ, הַר אֱלֹהִים, הַר בָּשָׁן, הַר גַּבְנוּנִים (תהלים סח, טז), הָהָר חָמַד, הַר חוֹרֵב, הַר סִינַי. הַר הָאֱלֹהִים, הַר שֶׁיָּשַׁב בּוֹ אֱלֹהִים בַּדִּין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים (שמות כא, א). הַר בָּשָׁן, הַר בָּא שָׁם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. הַר גַּבְנוּנִים, הַר שֶׁפָּסַל אֶת כָּל הֶהָרִים, כְּמָה דְּאַתְּ אֲמַר: אוֹ גִּבֵּן אוֹ דַּק (ויקרא כא, כ). הָהָר חָמַד, הַר שֶׁחָמַד לֵישֵׁב בּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הָהָר חָמַד אֱלֹהִים לְשִׁבְתּוֹ (תהלים סח, טז). הַר חוֹרֵב, שֶׁבּוֹ נִמְשְׁכָה חֶרֶב, מוֹת יוּמַת הַנּוֹאֵף וְהַנּוֹאֶפֶת (ויקרא כ, י), מוֹת יוּמַת הָרוֹצֵחַ (במדבר לה, טז). הַר סִינַי, שֶׁבּוֹ נִשְׂנְאוּ עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְנָתַן לָהֶם אַפּוֹפְּסִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי הַגּוֹיִם חָרֹב יֶחֱרָבוּ (ישעיה ס, יב). אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, חָרֹב יֶחֱרָבוּ, שֶׁנָּטְלוּ שָׁם אַפּוֹפְּסִין. (Numb. 1:1) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses in the Sinai desert.” [Sinai] was called by six names: Mountain of God (as in Ps. 68:16), Mount Bashan (ibid.), Mountain of Peaks (ibid.), Mountain of Desire (hmd), Mount Horeb (Exod. 3:1; 33:6; etc.), and Mount Sinai.31Numb. R. 1:8. The Mountain of God is [so called] because on it God sat in judgment, as stated (in Exod. 21:1), “Now these are the judgments32Mishpatim. In the biblical context the word would more normally be translated ordinances. which you shall set before them.” Mount Bashan is the mountain where (sham) Holy One, blessed be He, came (ba').33In the Hebrew text sham and ba’ appear in the opposite order and next to each other as ba’ sham. The Mountain of Peaks (gavenunnim, rt.: gbn) is the mountain where He disqualified all the [other] mountains,34See Gen. R. 109:1, which depicts the mountains contending with each other to host the revelation of the Torah and generally expands what follows. just as you say (in Lev. 21:20), “or a hunchback (gbn) or a dwarf.”35The context is a list of those rejected from serving in the priesthood. The implication here is that, unlike Sinai where the ordinances for priesthood where given, the other mountains were hunchbacks or dwarfs and therefore rejected. Mountain of Desire (rt.: hmd) is [so called], because on it the Holy One, blessed be He, desired (hmd) to dwell, as stated (in Ps. 68:17), “the mountain God desired for His dwelling.” Mount Horeb (rt.: hrb) is [so called], because upon it the sword (rt.: hrb) [of judgment] was unsheathed, as stated (in Lev. 20:10), “the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death,” [and] (in Numb. 35:16), “the murderer shall surely be put to death.” Mount Sinai is [so called], because on it the peoples of the world became hateful (rt.: sn') to the Holy One, blessed be He; and He rendered a verdict36Gk.: apophasis. against them, as stated (in is. 60:12), “and the gentiles shall be utterly (hrb) destroyed (rt.: hrb).” R. Abba bar Kahana said in the name of R. Johanan, “’And the gentiles shall be utterly destroyed’ – it was where they received a verdict.”