שׁוֹר אוֹ כֶּשֶׂב אוֹ עֵז. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: הֵן אַתֶּם מֵאַיִן וּפָעָלְכֶם מֵאָפַע, תּוֹעֵבָה יִבְחַר בָּכֶם (ישעיה מא, כד). הֵן אַתֶּם מֵאַיִן, מִלֹּא כְלוּם, מִן לֵיחָה סְרוּחָה. מֵאָפַע, מִמֵּאָה פְּעִיּוֹת שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה פּוֹעָה בִּשְׁעַת לֵדָתָהּ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִיא יוֹשֶׁבֶת עַל הַמַּשְׁבֵּר, תִּשְׁעִים וְתִשְׁעָה לְמִיתָה, וְאַחַת לְחַיִּים. תּוֹעֵבָה יִבְחַר בָּכֶם. מַהוּ תּוֹעֵבָה יִבְחַר בָּכֶם. מְדַבֵּר בַּתִּינוֹק הַזֶּה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיּוֹצֵא מִמְּעֵי אִמּוֹ מְלֻכְלָךְ מְטֻנָּף מָלֵא רִירִין, הַכֹּל מְנַשְּׁקִין אוֹתוֹ וְהַכֹּל מְחַבְּבִין אוֹתוֹ, וּבְיוֹתֵר כְּשֶׁהוּא זָכָר. דָּבָר אַחֵר, הֵן אַתֶּם מֵאַיִן. לָשׁוֹן יְוָנִי הוּא, הֵן, חַד. חַד אַתֶּם לִי. מֵאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם הַנִּקְרָאִין אַיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל הַגּוֹיִם כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ (שם מ, יז). וּפָעָלְכֶם מֵאָפַע. אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי, כָּל פְּעֻלּוֹת טוֹבוֹת וּנְעִימוֹת וְנֶחָמוֹת שֶׁעָתִיד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַעֲשׂוֹת עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵינָן אֶלָּא בִּשְׂכַר פְּעִיָּה אַחַת שֶׁפָּעוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּסִינַי וְאָמְרוּ, כָּל אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר ה' נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמַע (שמות כד, ז). תּוֹעֵבָה יִבְחַר בָּכֶם. אוֹתָהּ תּוֹעֵבָה שֶׁעֲשִׂיתֶם עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה, מֵאוֹתָהּ תּוֹעֵבָה הָבִיאוּ לְפָנַי קָרְבָּן, וַאֲנִי אֶבְחַר בָּכֶם. וּמַהוּ, שׁוֹר אוֹ כֶּשֶׂב אוֹ עֵז. בְּרָעָתָם יְשַׂמְּחוּ מֶלֶךְ וּבְכַחֲשֵׁיהֶם שָׂרִים (הושע ז, ג). וְכִי מָה רָאָה בַּשּׁוֹר שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ רֹאשׁ לַקָּרְבָּנוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי, מָשָׁל לְמַטְרוֹנָא שֶׁיָּצָא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָע עִם אֶחָד מִגְּדוֹלֵי מַלְכוּת. בָּדַק הַמֶּלֶךְ בַּדְּבָרִים וְלֹא מָצָא בָּהֶם מַמָּשׁ. מֶה עָשָׂה הַמֶּלֶךְ. עָשָׂה סְעוּדָה וְהוֹשִׁיבוּ בָּרֹאשׁ, לְהוֹדִיעַ לַכֹּל, שֶׁבָּדַק הַמֶּלֶךְ בַּדְּבָרִים וְלֹא מָצָא בָּהֶן מַמָּשׁ. וּלְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם אוֹמְרִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אַתֶּם עֲשִׂיתֶם הָעֵגֶל, וּבָדַק הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְלֹא מָצָא בְּדִבְרֵיהֶם מַמָּשׁ, לְפִיכָךְ נַעֲשָׂה שׁוֹר רֹאשׁ לְכָל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת. מִנַּיִן, מִמַּה שֶּׁקָּרְאוּ בָּעִנְיָן שׁוֹר אוֹ כֶּשֶׂב אוֹ עֵז. רַב הוּנָא וְרַב אִידִי בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן אָמַר, מוּצָלִים הָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמַּעֲשֶׂה. שֶׁאִלּוּ הֵם עָשׂוּ אֶת הָעֵגֶל, הָיָה לָהֶם לוֹמַר, אֵלֶּה אֱלֹהֵינוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל. אֶלָּא הַגֵּרִים שֶׁעָלוּ עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם הֵם שֶׁעֲשָׂאוּהוּ, וְהָיוּ מוֹנִין לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵלֶּה אֱלֹהֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל (שמות לב, ד). אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִמּוֹן, כְּתִיב: יָדַע שׁוֹר קוֹנֵהוּ וַחֲמוֹר וְגוֹ' (ישעיה א, ג). לֹא הָיוּ יוֹדְעִין, אֶלָּא שֶׁדָּשׁוּ בֶּעָקֵב. וְדִכְוָותֵיהּ, וְהִיא לֹא יָדְעָה כִּי אָנֹכִי נָתַתִּי לָהּ הַדָּגָן וְגוֹ' (הושע ב, י). וְלֹא הָיְתָה יוֹדַעַת, אֶלָּא שֶׁדָּשָׁה בֶּעָקֵב. (Lev. 22:27:) “A bull or a sheep or a goat.” This text is related (to Is. 41:24), “Behold (hen), you are nothing (me'ayin), and your work is naught (me’afa’); an abomination shall He choose among you.”55Lev. R. 27:7; PRK 9:6. “Behold, you are nothing,” full of nothing, from a putrid liquid. “Naught (me’afa’)”; from the hundred screams (meah puot), that a woman screams when she sits on the birthing chair, ninety-nine are for death and [only] one is for life. “An abomination shall He choose among you.” What is the meaning of, “an abomination shall He choose among you?” [It is] speaking about this baby; even though it comes out from its mothers womb dirty, defiled and full of mucous, everyone kisses it and everyone hugs it, and especially if it is a male. Another interpretation: That (hen) is Greek. Hen [in Greek] means "one." You (Israel) are the one for Me, from (min) the nations of the world, who are called "nothing ('ayin),"56Since min is commonly abbreviated to me, me’ayin is understood to mean “as compared to nothing” (literally: “than nothing.”) as stated (in Is. 40:17), “All the nations are as nothing ('ayin) before Him.” (Is. 41:24, cont.:) “And your work is naught.” R. Levi said, “All the good works and consolations which the Holy One, blessed be He, is going to bring about with Israel are only as reward for a single shout which they shouted on Sinai, when they said (according to Exod. 24:7), ‘All that the Lord has spoken we will carry out and obey.’” (Is. 41:24, cont.:) “An abomination shall He choose among you.” That is the abomination which you made as a molten calf. Of that very abomination, bring Me sacrifice, and I will choose you. And what is it? (As in Lev. 22:27), “A bull or a sheep or a goat.” [This text is related (to Hos. 7:3),] “They make a king glad with their evil.”57Lev. R. 27:8; PRK 9:7–8. What did He see in the bull for making it first among the sacrifices? R. Levi said, “[The situation] is similar to a matron58Lat.: matrona. concerning whom there went forth an evil report in connection with one of the notables in the kingdom. The king looked into the rumors and found no substance in them. What did the king do? He made a great banquet and sat him at the head of those reclining in order to show that the king had looked into the rumors and found no substance in them. [Similarly,] because the nations of the world were saying to Israel, “You made the calf,” the Holy One, blessed be He, examined the rumors and found no substance in them. Therefore the bull was made first among the sacrifices. How is this shown? From that which they read about the matter (in Lev. 22:27), “A bull or a sheep or a goat.” R. Huna and R. Idi [said] in the name of R. Samuel bar Nahman, “Israel was saved from that act. Because if they had made the calf, it would have been [natural] for them to say (in Exod. 32:8), ‘These are our Gods, O Israel.’ However, it was the proselytes who came up with them from Egypt that made it, and they directed Israel [by saying] (in Exod. 32:8), ‘These are your Gods, O Israel.’” R. Judah bar Simon said, “It is written (in Isaiah 1:3), ‘An ox knows its owner, and an ass..., Israel does not know [...].’ And did they not know? It is simply that they trampled [the notion] with their heel.” And similar to it is (Hos. 2:10) “And she did not know that it was I who bestowed on her the grain....” And did she not know? It is simply that she trampled it with her heel.