וַיֹּסֶף אַבְרָהָם. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: וְהָיָה רֵאשִׁיתְךָ מִצְעָר וְאַחֲרִיתְךָ יִשְׂגֶּה מְאֹד (איוב ח, ז), מְדַבֵּר בְּמֹשֶׁה. אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן, שִׁבְעָה יָמִים הָיָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְפַתֶּה לְמֹשֶׁה בַּסְּנֶה וְהוּא בוֹרֵחַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שְׁלַח נָא בְּיַד תִּשְׁלָח (שמות ד, יג). וּכְתִיב: לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי וְגוֹ'. וְאוֹמֵר: וַיַּסְתֵּר מֹשֶׁה פָּנָיו. וְאַחֲרִיתְךָ יִשְׂגֶּה מְאֹד, דִּכְתִיב: וּתְמֻנַת ה' יַבִּיט (במדבר יב, ח). אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר יוֹחַאי, שֶׁהָיָה רוֹאֶה אֶת הַדְּמוּת מִיָּד. And Abraham took another wife (Gen. 25:1). Scripture states elsewhere: Though thy beginning was small, yet thy end shall greatly increase (Job 8:7). This verse alludes to Moses. R. Samuel the son of Nahman explained it as follows: For seven days the Holy One, blessed be He, endeavored to persuade Moses, from the midst of the burning bush, (to fulfill his duty), but he tried to avoid it, as it is said:: O Lord, send, I pray Thee, by the hand of him Thou wilt send (Exod. 4:13), and it is written: O Lord, I am not a man of words (ibid., v. 10), and it states elsewhere: And Moses hid his face (ibid. 3:6). Yet thy end shall greatly increase (Job 8:7). This verse refers to him, since it is written: The likeness of the Lord doth he behold (Num. 12:8). R. Simeon the son of Yohai was of the opinion that Moses beheld the likeness of the Holy One, blessed be he, as soon as the Holy One spoke to him out of the burning bush.
דָּבָר אַחֵר, וְהָיָה רֵאשִׁיתְךָ מִצְעָר, זֶה אַבְרָהָם שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ מֵאָה שָׁנָה וְלֹא הָיָה לוֹ בֵן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ פִּיְּסוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. Another comment on Though thy beginning was small, yet thy end will greatly increase: This verse refers to Abraham who was one hundred years old and had no son; but after that the Holy One, blessed be He, satisified his desire (by giving him a son).
רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן וְרַבִּי חָנָן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמְרֵי, הֶעֱלָהוּ לְמַעְלָה מִכִּפַּת הָרָקִיעַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיּוֹצֵא אֹתוֹ הַחוּצָה וַיֹּאמֶר הַבֶּט נָא הַשָּׁמַיְמָה. אֵין אוֹמְרִין הַבֵּט אֶלָּא מִלְמַעְלָה לְמָטָּה. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, מִי שֶׁתַּחַת הַמַּזָּל מִתְיָרֵא הֵימֶנּוּ. אַתָּה שֶׁאַתָּה עָלָיו הָרֵם רֹאשׁ עָלָיו. R. Judah the son of Simon and R. Hanan, in the name of R. Yohanan, declared: He lifted him above the arc of the sky, as it is said: And He brought him forth abroad, and said: “Look now toward heaven” (Gen. 15:5). One does not use the word “look” unless he means to look from above to below. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: Anyone who is beneath the constellation of his birth is fearful of it,7A reference to the belief that the stars influence human life. but you are raised above it.
אַף עַל פִּי כֵן לְמֵאָה שָׁנָה הוֹלִיד בֵּן. הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר, וְהָיָה רֵאשִׁיתְךָ מִצְעָר, זֶה אַבְרָהָם. וְאַחֲרִיתְךָ יִשְׂגֶּה מְאֹד, שֶׁנָּשָׂא אִשָּׁה וְהוֹלִיד עוֹד כַּמָּה בָנִים בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֹּסֶף אַבְרָהָם Since he was one hundred years old when he begot his son, the words Though thy beginning is small refer to Abraham. And the words For thy end shall greatly increase (Job 8:7) also refer to him, for after he remarried he bore many sons.
וַיֹּסֶף אַבְרָהָם. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: בַּבֹּקֶר זְרַע אֶת זַרְעֶךָ וְלָעֶרֶב אַל תַּנַּח יָדֶךָ (קהלת יא, ו). And Abraham took another wife. Scripture says in reference to this verse: In the morning sow thy seed; and in the evening withhold not thy hand (Eccles. 11:6).
רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בִּזְרָעִים הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר. אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה, אִם זָרַעְתָּ בַיּוֹרֶה, אַל תַּעֲמֹד בַּמַּלְקוֹשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלָעֶרֶב אַל תַּנַּח יָדֶךָ. לָמָּה? כִּי אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ וְגוֹ'. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אִם בָּא לְפָנֶיךָ בַּבֹּקֶר זֶרַע מִצְוָה, זְרַע. וְאִם יָבֹא לְפָנֶיךָ דְּבַר מִצְוָה בָּעֶרֶב, אַל תַּנַּח יָדֶךָ. לָמָּה? כִּי אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם עוֹמֶדֶת לְךָ, אִם שֶׁל בֹּקֶר אוֹ שֶׁל עֶרֶב. וְאִם שְׁנֵיהֶם כְּאֶחָד טוֹבִים. R. Eleazar maintained: This verse alludes to the sowing of seeds. Solomon said: If you have sown seeds in the early season, do not desist from doing so in the later season as well, as it is said: In the evening withhold not thy hand. Why should a man not desist? For thou knowest not which shall prosper, whether this or that (ibid.). R. Joshua explained: If the opportunity to perform a good deed comes to you in the morning, carry it out, and if the opportunity occurs in the evening, perform it as well, for it is said: Withhold not thy hand. Why not? For thou knowest not which one will be to your advantage, the one performed in the morning or the one in the evening, or whether they are of equal value.
רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בַּבֹּקֶר זְרַע אֶת זַרְעֶךָ, אִם הֶעֱמַדְתָּ תַּלְמִידִים בְּנַעֲרוּתְךָ, אַל תֶּחְדַּל לְךָ מִלְּהַעֲמִיד בְּזִקְנוּתֶךָ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ שְׁלֹש מֵאוֹת תַּלְמִידִים בְּנַעֲרוּתוֹ וּמֵתוּ כֻּלָּם. וְאִלּוּלֵי שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד שִׁבְעָה תַלְמִידִים בְּזִקְנוּתוֹ, לֹא הָיָה תַלְמִיד שֶׁיְּהֵא קוֹרֵא עַל שְׁמוֹ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, בַּבֹּקֶר זְרַע אֶת זַרְעֶךָ, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסִי, אִם לָקַחְתָּ אִשָּׁה בְּבַחֲרוּתֶךָ וְיָלְדָה וָמֵתָה, קַח אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת בְּזִקְנוּתְךָ, כִּי אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ וְגוֹ'. וּמִמִּי אַתָּה לָמֵד? מֵאַבְרָהָם, שֶׁבְּנַעֲרוּתוֹ לֹא הוֹלִיד אֶלָּא שְׁנַיִם, וּבְזִקְנוּתוֹ הוֹלִיד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר. R. Akiba said: In the morning sow thy seed (Eccles. 11:6) means that if you have trained disciples in your youth, you should not cease to do so in your old age. It is related that R. Akiba had three hundred disciples during his earlier years, but that all of them died. Had he not raised seven disciples in his old age, no one would have survived to speak in his name. Another explanation of In the morning, sow thy seed: R. Yosé held that this means: If you marry in your youth and your wife bears a child and then dies, you must remarry in your later years, for you have no way of knowing which offspring will be the worthiest. From whom do you learn this? From Abraham, for during his earlier years he had only two sons, but in his old age he had twelve more.
אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי, הוּא שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְנִבְרְכוּ בוֹ כֹּל גּוֹיֵי הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁיָּצָא הַיָּם בְּדוֹר הַפְלָגָה וְהֵפִיץ מִבְּנֵי חָם שְׁלֹשִׁים מִשְׁפָּחוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיָּפֶץ ה' אֹתָם (בראשית יא, ח). אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, מִמְּךָ אֲנִי מַעֲמִידָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְנִבְרְכוּ בוֹ כֹּל גּוֹיֵי הָאָרֶץ (בראשית יח, יח). הֶעֱמִיד מִשְׁפָּחוֹת, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר נְשִׂיאִים שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד מִיִּשְׁמָעֵאל, וְשִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר מִכָּאן וּשְׁנֵי גוֹיִם בְּבִטְנֵךְ. הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר, וְנִבְרְכוּ בוֹ כֹּל גּוֹיֵי הָאָרֶץ. R. Levi said: He is the one concerning whom the Holy One, blessed be He, said: All the nations of the earth shall be blessed through him (Gen. 18:18). During the generation of the separation, the sea inundated the world and the descendants of Ham were scattered (as thirty families), as it is said: The Lord scattered them abroad (Gen. 11:8). But now, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: I will cause them to descend from you, as it is said: All the nations of the earth will be blessed through him. He begot the (thirty) families, and these are they: the twelve princes that descended from Ishmael (ibid. 25:12—16), the sixteen offspring from his wife Keturah (ibid., vv. 1—4), and the two nations in the womb of Rebecca (ibid., v. 23). Hence Scripture says: All the nations of the earth will be blessed through him.