פְּקֹד אֶת בְּנֵי לֵוִי. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: אֱלֹהִים מוֹשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּיְתָה וְגוֹ' (שם סח, ז). מַעֲשֶׂה בְּמַטְרוֹנָה אַחַת שֶׁשָּׁאֲלָה אֶת רַבִּי יוֹסִי בַּר חֲלַפְתָּא, בְּכַמָּה יָמִים (וכו', כי תשא ה). אֱלֹהִים מוֹשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּיְתָה מוֹצִיא וְגוֹ'. מִי הֵם אֵלּוּ. זֶה עַמְרָם וְיֹכֶבֶד אִשְׁתּוֹ, שֶׁבִּזְכוּתָן הוֹצִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת הָאֲסוּרִים מִמִּצְרַיִם, שֶׁהָיוּ מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים בְּטִיט וּלְבֵנִים. מֶה עָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. זִוֵּג יֹכֶבֶד לְעַמְרָם, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעֲמִידוּ מִבְּנֵיהֶם גּוֹאֵל לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּמַעֲמִיד כֹּהֲנִים גְּדוֹלִים וְיַעַמְדוּ וְיִגְאֲלוּ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל. לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: אֱלֹהִים מוֹשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּיְתָה. אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הוֹאִיל וְהַשֵּׁבֶט הַזֶּה לָמוּד הוּא לִהְיוֹת מַעֲמִיד גּוֹאֲלִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לְכָךְ סְפוֹר אוֹתָם. לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: פְּקֹד אֶת בְּנֵי לֵוִי. וּבְמָקוֹם אַחֵר כְּתִיב: אַךְ אֶת מַטֵּה לֵוִי לֹא תִּפְקֹד. בְּשָעָה שֶׁעָשׂוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת הָעֵגֶל. מַה כְּתִיב שָׁם: וַיַּעֲמֹד מֹשֶׁה בְּשַׁעַר הַמַּחֲנֶה וַיֹּאמֶר מִי לַה' אֵלַי וַיֵּאָסְפוּ אֵלָיו כָּל בְּנֵי לֵוִי (שמות ב, כו). לְכָךְ אָמַר לֵיהּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה, פְּקֹד אֶת בְּנֵי לֵוִי. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר שָׁלוֹם אָמַר, לָמוּד הוּא הַשֵּׁבֶט הַזֶּה לִהְיוֹת הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מוֹנֶה אוֹתוֹ בְּכָל מָקוֹם עַד שֶׁהֵן קְטַנִּים. מִנַּיִן, שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיַעֲקֹב שֶׁיֵּרֵד לְמִצְרַיִם, אוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה סָפַר יַעֲקֹב וּבָנָיו וְנִמְצְאוּ כֻּלָּם שִׁשִּׁים וְשִׁשָּׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל הַנֶּפֶשׁ לְבֵית יַעֲקֹב הַבָּאָה מִצְרַיְמָה שִׁשִּׁים וָשֵׁשׁ (בראשית מו, כו), וּשְׁנֵי בָנָיו שֶׁל יוֹסֵף וְיוֹסֵף, הֲרֵי שִׁבְעִים חָסֵר אֶחָת. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַנֶּפֶשׁ לְבֵית יַעֲקֹב הַבָּאָה מִצְרַיְמָה שִׁבְעִים (שם פסוק כז). אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן, לָמוּד הַשֵּׁבֶט הַזֶּה לִהְיוֹת הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מוֹנֶה אוֹתוֹ עַד שֶׁהֵן בִּמְעֵי אִמָּן. אָמַר רַבִּי בְּרֶכְיָה הַכֹּהֵן, הַשָּׂרָף אֵינוֹ מַסְפִּיק לָצֵאת עַד שֶׁמַּסְפִּיגִים אוֹתוֹ, כָּךְ יֹכֶבֶד, הָיְתָה אִמָּהּ מְעֻבֶּרֶת מִמֶּנָּה בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה וְהָיְתָה בִּמְעֵי אִמָּהּ וְנִמְנֵית עָלֶיהָ. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ, עִם שֶׁאִמָּהּ נִכְנְסָה לְפֶתַח מִצְרַיִם, יָלְדָה אוֹתָהּ. לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: בְּשִׁבְעִים נֶפֶשׁ. וְאַף בְּנֵי בָנֶיהָ, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה, כָּל זָכָר מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ וָמַעְלָה תִּפְקְדֵם. אָמַר לוֹ מֹשֶׁה, רִבּוֹנִי, בֶּן כַּמָּה שָׁנִים אֲנִי מוֹנֶה אוֹתָם. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה, כָּל זָכָר מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ וָמַעְלָה תִּפְקְדֵם. אָמַר לוֹ מֹשֶׁה, יָכֹל אֲנִי לַעֲמֹד וּלְסַבֵּב בְּחַצְרוֹתֵיהֶם וּבְתוֹךְ בָּתֵּיהֶם וְלִסְפֹּר כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן, שֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר לִי, כָּל זָכָר מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ וָמַעְלָה תִּפְקְדֵם. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה אֶת שֶׁלְּךָ, וַאֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה אֶת שֶׁלִּי. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַלֵּוִי בַּר שָׁלוֹם, הָיָה מֹשֶׁה הוֹלֵךְ וְעוֹמֵד עַל פֶּתַח אָהֳלֵיהֶם, וְהַשְּׁכִינָה מַקְדֶּמֶת וְאוֹמֶרֶת לוֹ כָּל זִכְרֵי הַבַּיִת, חֲמִשָּׁה אוֹ עֲשָׂרָה תִּינוֹקוֹת יֵשׁ בָּאֹהֶל הַזֶּה. מִנַּיִן, שֶׁכָּךְ כְּתִיב: וַיִּפְקֹד אֹתָם מֹשֶׁה עַל פִּי ה', כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהַשְּׁכִינָה אוֹמֶרֶת לוֹ. (Numb. 3:15:) “Enroll the Children of Levi….” This text is related (to Ps. 68:7), “God causes individuals to dwell in a home.” A certain matron78Lat.: matrona. asked R. Jose ben Halafta, “In how many days [did the Holy One, blessed be He, create the world?” He said to her, “In six days, as stated (in Exod. 31:17), ‘for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth.’”79Gen. R. 68:4; Lev. R. 8:1; Numb. R. 3:6; PRK 2:4; below, Numb. 9:9; cf. above, Gen. 1:2. She said to him, “Ever since the world was created, what does He do?” “He sits [there] arranging marriages and issuing decrees. So He says, ‘So-and-so shall marry so-and-so.’” (Ps. 68:7), “God causes individuals to dwell in a home.” Who are they? This was Amram and his wife Yochebed, since through their merit the Holy One, blessed be He, brought Israel out of Egypt, where they had been enslaved with clay and bricks.80The Exodus theme is suggested by what follows in Ps. 68:7): HE BRINGS OUT THE PRISONERS INTO PROSPERITY, Cf. M. Pss. 68:4. What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He married Yochebed to Amram in order to raise up from them a redeemer for Israel and from them to raise up high priests. It is therefore stated (ibid.), “God causes individuals to dwell in a home.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said, “In as much as this tribe is accustomed to be raising up redeemers, go and number them.” (Numb. 3:15:) “Enroll the Children of Levi….” But it is written in another place (i.e., in Numb. 1:49), “However, you shall not enroll the tribe of Levi, nor shall you take a census of them.”81Cf. Numb. R. 3:7. When Israel had made the calf, what is written there (in Exod. 32:26)? “So Moses stood up in the gate of the camp and said, ‘Whoever is for the Lord, to me!’ And all of the sons of Levi gathered to him.” Hence the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, (in the words of Numb. 3:15), “Enroll the Children of Levi.” R. Judah bar Shallum said, “The Holy One, blessed be He, is accustomed to numbering [the children of] this tribe in every case while they are young.82Numb. R. 3:8. How is it shown? When the Holy One, blessed be He, told Jacob to go down to Egypt, at that time he numbered Israel and his children; and all of them were found [to number] sixty-six, as stated (in Gen. 46:26), “And all the souls of the House of Jacob that came that came to Egypt… were sixty-six.” [In addition were] Joseph's two sons, plus Joseph, for a total of seventy minus one. But it says (in vs. 27), “all the souls of the House of Jacob, which came to Egypt, were seventy.” R. Levi said that R. Samuel bar Nahman said, “The Holy One, blessed be He, customarily numbers this tribe while they are in their mother's womb.”83Gen. R. 94:9 and M. Pss. 92:12. R. Berekhyah the Priest said, “There is not enough resin to flow out before they collect it.84Rt.: SPG; cf. the Gk.: spoggos (“sponges”). So it was in the case of Jochebed. Her mother was pregnant with her; and while she was in her mother's womb, she was numbered together with her.” Resh Laqish said, “While her mother was entering the gate of Egypt, her mother gave birth to her. The statement is therefore made concerning seventy souls (in Gen. 46:27).” And also concerning her children's children, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses (in Numb. 3:15), “you shall enroll every male from the age of a month and upward.” Moses said to him, “Am I able to persevere and go around into their courtyards and into the midst of their houses to number each and every one of them, when You say (ibid.), ‘every male from the age of a month and upward?’”85Numb. R. 1:9. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, “You do your [part], and I will do my [part].” R. Judah bar Shalom the Levite said, “Moses would go and stand at the gate of the tent [in question]. Then the Divine Presence would draw near and say to him, ‘There are five infants in this tent; there are ten infants in that tent.’” Where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Numb. 3:16), “So Moses enrolled them according to the word (literally, according to the mouth) of the Lord, as he had been commanded,” [i.e.,] just as the Divine Presence told him.