Who instituted Prayer and Why? Bavli Brachot 26b

It was stated: Rabbi Yosi b. Rabbi Hanina said: The Patriarchs instituted the Tefillah

Rabbi Yehoshua b. Levi said: prayer was instituted corresponding to the daily sacrifices.

It was taught in accordance with Rabbi Yosi b. Rabbi Hanina, and it was taught in accordance with Rabbi Yehoshua b. Levi.

It was taught in accordance with Rabbi Yosi b. Rabbi Hanina:

Abraham instituted the morning prayer, as it says, (Genesis 19:27)"Next morning, Abraham hurried to the place where he had stood before the Lord." And "standing" is prayer, as it is said, (Psalms 106:30) "Pinhas stood and prayed."

Isaac instituted the afternoon prayer, as it is said, (Genesis 24:63) "And Isaac went out to meditate in the field toward evening..." And "mediation" is prayer, as it is said, (Psalms 102:1) "A prayer of the lowly man when he is faint and pours forth his plea before the lord."

Jacob instituted the evening prayer, as it is said, (Genesis 28:11) "He encountered a certain place and stopped there..." and "encountered" is prayer, as it is said, (Jeremiah 7:16) "As for you, do not pray for this people, do not raise a cry of prayer on their behalf, do not plead with Me; for I will not listen to you."

It was taught in accordance with Rabbi Yehoshua b. Levi: For what reason did they say that the morning prayer is until midday? Because the daily morning offering was offered until midday.

And for what reason did they say that the afternoon prayer is until the evening? Because the afternoon daily offering was offered until the evening.

And for what reason did they say that the evening prayer has no fixed time? Because the limbs and and the fat that were not burned up by the evening were offered all night long.

And for what reason did they say that the additional prayer [Mussaf] can be said all day? Because the additional offering was offered all day.