Mishna Avoth chapter 1
Prologue. All Israel have a portion in the world-to-come. As it is written: “Your people shall all be righteous, they shall possess the land forever; they are a shoot of My planting, the works of my hands in whom I shall be glorified.” (Isaiah 60:21
(א) ותקרבנה בנות צלפחד - כיון ששמעו בנות צלפחד שהארץ מתחלקת לשבטים ולא לנקבות, נתקבצו כולן זו על זו ליטול עצה. אמרו: לא כרחמי ב"ו רחמי המקום! ב"ו רחמיו על הזכרים יותר מן הנקבות, אבל מי שאמר והיה העולם אינו כן, אלא על הזכרים ועל הנקבות, רחמיו על הכל, שנאמר תהלים קמה טוב ה' לכל ורחמיו על כל מעשיו:
(1) (Bamidbar 27:1) "And there drew near the daughters of Tzelofchad": When the daughters of Tzelofchad heard that the land was to be apportioned to the (males in each) tribe and not to females, they gathered together to take counsel, saying: Not as the mercies of flesh and blood are the mercies of the L-rd. The mercies of flesh and blood are greater for males than for females. Not so the mercies of the One Who Spoke and Brought the World Into Being. The One's mercies are for males and females (equally). The One's mercies are for all! As it is written (Psalms 145:9) "The L-rd is good to all, and God's mercies are upon all of God's creations."
תלמוד ירושלמי נדרים פרק ט: הל' ד
/ה"ד/
ואהבת לרעך כמוך ר' עקיבה או' זהו כלל גדול בתורה בן עזאי אומ' זה ספר תולדות אדם זה כלל גדול מזה .
Jerusalem Talmud Nedarim 9:4
Rabbi Akiva taught: “Love your neighbor as
yourself” (Leviticus 19). This is the major principle of the Torah. Ben Azzai says “This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made He him” (Genesis 5:1). This is an even greater principle, because it encompasses the other.
JERUSALEM TALMUD, NEDARIM 9:5 ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself’ (Leviticus 19:18) – Rabbi Akiva says, this is the fundamental principle of the [whole] Torah, because if you keep this commandment, you will be saved from multiple transgressions. Ben Azzai says, ‘This is the book of the generations of man’ (Genesis 5:1) – so as to teach you that all human beings came from a single parent – is a greater fundamental principle than ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself’, since at the end of that verse it says, ‘In the image of God he made him [man].’ When a person [lit. man] considers that, he will take extreme care for the dignity of another person. The reason for this principle being more important is that it is bipartite: a person who takes care for another person’s dignity, aware of the dignity of that person’s creator (since the person is in the image of God), will take care all the more not to defraud God, and will be energetic to perform commandments in order to honor The Holy One
(א) מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁל דִּבְרֵיהֶם לְבַקֵּר חוֹלִים. וּלְנַחֵם אֲבֵלִים. וּלְהוֹצִיא הַמֵּת. וּלְהַכְנִיס הַכַּלָּה. וּלְלַוּוֹת הָאוֹרְחִים. וּלְהִתְעַסֵּק בְּכָל צָרְכֵי הַקְּבוּרָה. לָשֵׂאת עַל הַכָּתֵף. וְלֵילֵךְ לְפָנָיו וְלִסְפֹּד וְלַחְפֹּר וְלִקְבֹּר. וְכֵן לְשַׂמֵּחַ הַכַּלָּה וְהֶחָתָן. וּלְסַעֲדָם בְּכָל צָרְכֵיהֶם. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן גְּמִילוּת חֲסָדִים שֶׁבְּגוּפוֹ שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם שִׁעוּר. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּל מִצְוֹת אֵלּוּ מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם הֲרֵי הֵן בִּכְלַל (ויקרא יט-יח) "וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ". כָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁאַתָּה רוֹצֶה שֶׁיַּעֲשׂוּ אוֹתָם לְךָ אֲחֵרִים. עֲשֵׂה אַתָּה אוֹתָן לְאָחִיךְ בְּתוֹרָה וּבְמִצְוֹת:
(ב) שְׂכַר הַלְּוָיָה מְרֻבֶּה מִן הַכּל. וְהוּא הַחֹק שֶׁחֲקָקוֹ אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ וְדֶרֶךְ הַחֶסֶד שֶׁנָּהַג בָּהּ. מַאֲכִיל עוֹבְרֵי דְּרָכִים וּמַשְׁקֶה אוֹתָן וּמְלַוֶּה אוֹתָן. וּגְדוֹלָה הַכְנָסַת אוֹרְחִים מֵהַקְבָּלַת פְּנֵי שְׁכִינָה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יח-ב) "וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה שְׁלֹשָׁה אֲנָשִׁים". וְלִוּוּיָם יוֹתֵר מֵהַכְנָסָתָן. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים כָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְלַוֶּה כְּאִלּוּ שׁוֹפֵךְ דָּמִים:
(ג) כּוֹפִין לִלְוָיָה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁכּוֹפִין לִצְדָקָה. וּבֵית דִּין הָיוּ מְתַקְּנִין שְׁלוּחִין לְלַוּוֹת אָדָם הָעוֹבֵר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם. וְאִם נִתְעַצְּלוּ בְּדָבָר זֶה מַעֲלֶה עֲלֵיהֶם כְּאִלּוּ שָׁפְכוּ דָּמִים. אֲפִלּוּ הַמְלַוֶּה אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת יֵשׁ לוֹ שָׂכָר הַרְבֵּה. וְכַמָּה שִׁעוּר לְוָיָה שֶׁחַיָּב אָדָם בָּהּ. הָרַב לְתַלְמִיד עַד עִבּוּרָהּ שֶׁל עִיר. וְהָאִישׁ לַחֲבֵרוֹ עַד תְּחוּם שַׁבָּת. וְהַתַּלְמִיד לָרַב עַד פַּרְסָה. וְאִם הָיָה רַבּוֹ מֻבְהָק עַד שָׁלֹשׁ פַּרְסָאוֹת:
(1) It is a positive commandment to visit the sick, comfort the mourning, to remove the dead, to bring in the bride, to escort guests, and to occupy oneself with all the needs of burial; carrying [the coffin] on one’s shoulder, to walk in front of him, to eulogize, to dig, and to bury. As well to make the bride and groom happy, and to take care of all their needs. And these are ‘Gemillut Chasadim’ that are done with one’s body, that have no measurement. Although all these are rabbinic laws they are included under "Love Your neighbor as yourself" (Leviticus 19:18), meaning that all things that you would like others to do for you, you should do for your brother.
(2) The reward for accompanying [the guest on her journey] is greater than all others and it is a statute that Abraham our ancestor established and the way of the pious which he followed, feeding the travelers, and giving them drink and accompanying them. Hospitality to guests is a greater than receiving the divine presence (Face of the Shekhinah), as it is written, "He saw and behold there were three men (Genesis 18:3)." Accompanying guests is greater than showing them hospitality. The sages say, " All who do not accompany guests, it is as if they have shed blood.
(3) We force communities to provide accompaniment in the way we force them to provide charity. The courts would appoint agents to accompany a person traveling from place to place, and if they were lazy in this matter, it was as if they spilled blood. And even the one who accompanies his fellow just four cubits has great reward. And what is the proper distance of accompaniment that a person is duty bound to travel?
When master to the student, till the end of town; a person and his friend, till the end of the Sabbath boundary (2000 cubits beyond the city limits); the student to the master, a mile; and if the master was his primary mentor, then 3 miles.
פלימו הוה רגיל למימר כל יומא גירא בעיניה דשטן יומא חד מעלי יומא דכיפורי הוה אידמי ליה כעניא אתא קרא אבבא אפיקו ליה ריפתא אמר ליה יומא כי האידנא כולי עלמא גואי ואנא אבראי עייליה וקריבו ליה ריפתא אמר ליה יומא כי האידנא כולי עלמא אתכא ואנא לחודאי אתיוהו אותבוהו אתכא הוה יתיב מלא נפשיה שיחנא וכיבי עליה והוה קעביד ביה מילי דמאיס א"ל תיב שפיר אמר ליה הבו לי כסא יהבו ליה כסא אכמר שדא ביה כיחו נחרו ביה שקא ומית שמעו דהוו קאמרי פלימו קטל גברא פלימו קטל גברא ערק וטשא נפשיה בבית הכסא אזיל בתריה נפל קמיה כי דחזייה דהוה מצטער גלי ליה נפשיה אמר ליה מאי טעמא אמרת הכי ואלא היכי אימא אמר ליה לימא מר רחמנא נגער ביה בשטן
Plimo used to say every day, “An arrow in Satan's eyes!” One day, it was the eve of the Day of Atonement, and the Satan disguised himself as a poor man and went and called out at his door, and so bread was taken out to him. The poor man pleaded with Plimo, “On such a day when everyone is inside, shall I be outside?” Thereupon he was taken into the house and bread was offered him. “On a day like this,” he urged, “when everyone sits at the table, shall I sit alone!” He was led to the table and sat down. As he sat, it was evident that his body was covered with oozing sores. As well, he was behaving repulsively at the dinner table and Plimo rebuked him saying, “Sit properly!” Said the poor man, “Give me a glass [of liquor],” and one was given him. He coughed and spat his phlegm into it. They scolded him, [whereupon] he fainted and died. Later, Plimo’s household heard people crying out, “Plimo has killed a man, Plimo has killed a man!” Fleeing, Plimo hid in an outhouse. The Satan followed him there and Plimo fell before him. Seeing how Plimo was suffering, the Satan disclosed his identity and said to him, “Why have you always spoken this way [saying, ‘an arrow in Satan’s eyes!’]?” Then how am I to speak? “You should say, ‘Let the Merciful One rebuke Satan.’”