Body and Soul: Biblical Sources for Teaching the Jewish Concept of Soul

From Deathbed Wisdom of the Hasidic Masters:

  • Read "Body and Soul" essay, p.12

(א) בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃

(1) When God began creating the heavens and the earth.

(ב) וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃

(2) the earth was total chaos, and darkness was over the face of the [primeval] deep and a ruach of God hovered over the surface of the waters.

(ז) וַיִּיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וַיִּפַּ֥ח בְּאַפָּ֖יו נִשְׁמַ֣ת חַיִּ֑ים וַֽיְהִ֥י הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּֽה׃

(7) the LORD God formed the adam from the dust of the earth. He blew into its nostrils the breath of life, and the adam became a living being.

(א) וייצר שְׁתֵּי יְצִירוֹת, יְצִירָה לְעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וִיְצִירָה לִתְחִיַּית הַמֵתִים, אֲבַל בִּבְהֵמָה שֶׁאֵינָה עוֹמֶדֶת לָדִין לֹא נִכְתַּב בִּיִצִירָתָהּ שְׁנֵי יוּדִי"ן:

(1) וייצר AND GOD FORMED — Here the letter yod is written twice to intimate that there were two formations — a formation for this world, and a formation for resurrection; in the case of animals, however, which will not stand after death for judgment before God the word referring to their formation— ויצר —(Genesis 2:19) is not written with two yods (Midrash Tanchuma, Tazria 1).

(ג) ויפח באפיו עֲשָׂאוֹ מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים וּמִן הָעֶלְיוֹנִים גוּף מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, וּנְשָׁמָה מִן הָעֶלְיוֹנִים, לְפִי שֶׁבְּיוֹם רִאשׁוֹן נִבְרְאוּ שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ בַּשֵׁנִי בָּרָא רָקִיעַ לָעֶלְיוֹנִים, בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי תַּרָאָה הַיַבָּשָׁה לַתַּחְתּוֹנִים בָּרְבִיעִי בָּרָא מְאוֹרוֹת לָעֶלְיוֹנִים בַּחֲמִישִׁי יִשְׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם לַתַּחְתּוֹנִים,-הוּזְקַק בַּשִּׁשִּׁי לִבְרְאוֹת בּוֹ בָעֶלְיוֹנִים וּבַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, וְאִם לַאו, יֵשׁ קִנְאָה בְמַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ אֵלּוּ רַבִּים עַל אֵלּוּ בִּבְרִיאַת יוֹם אֶחָד:

(3) ויפח באפיו AND BREATHED INTO HIS NOSTRILS — He made [the adam] of both, of earthly and of heavenly matter: the body of the earthly, and the soul of the heavenly. For on the first day were created heaven and earth, on the second, He created the firmament for the heavenly beings, on the third He said, “Let the dry land appear” — for the earthly beings, on the fourth He created the lights for the heavenly beings, on the fifth He said, “Let the waters swarm…” — for the earthly beings. Consequently on the sixth there had to be created a being composed of both, of heavenly and of earthly matter, for otherwise there would have been envy (lack of harmony) among the works of Creation, in that there would have been devoted to one class of them one day more of the Creation than to the others (Genesis Rabbah 12:8).

(כב) כֹּ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁמַת־ר֨וּחַ חַיִּ֜ים בְּאַפָּ֗יו מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֶּחָֽרָבָ֖ה מֵֽתוּ׃

(22) All that had the merest breath of life [Fox: "the breath of the rush of life"] in their nostrils, all that were on firm ground, died.

(ה) וְאַ֨ךְ אֶת־דִּמְכֶ֤ם לְנַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ אֶדְרֹ֔שׁ מִיַּ֥ד כָּל־חַיָּ֖ה אֶדְרְשֶׁ֑נּוּ וּמִיַּ֣ד הָֽאָדָ֗ם מִיַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אָחִ֔יו אֶדְרֹ֖שׁ אֶת־נֶ֥פֶשׁ הָֽאָדָֽם׃

(5) But for your own life-blood I will require a reckoning: I will require it of every beast; of man, too, will I require a reckoning for human life, of every person for that of human life!

(א) לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ בָּרֲכִ֣י נַ֭פְשִׁי אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וְכָל־קְ֝רָבַ֗י אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃

(1) David's: Bless--O my soul/my being, the LORD and all that is within me--God's holy name