וַיְהִי כָל הָאָרֶץ שָׂפָה אֶחָת וּדְבָרִים אֲחָדִים. וַיְהִי בְּנָסְעָם מִקֶּדֶם וַיִּמְצְאוּ בִקְעָה בְּאֶרֶץ שִׁנְעָר וַיֵּשְׁבוּ שָׁם. וַיֹּאמְרוּ אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ הָבָה נִלְבְּנָה לְבֵנִים וְנִשְׂרְפָה לִשְׂרֵפָה וַתְּהִי לָהֶם הַלְּבֵנָה לְאָבֶן וְהַחֵמָר הָיָה לָהֶם לַחֹמֶר. וַיֹּאמְרוּ הָבָה נִבְנֶה לָּנוּ עִיר וּמִגְדָּל וְרֹאשׁוֹ בַשָּׁמַיִם וְנַעֲשֶׂה לָּנוּ שֵׁם פֶּן נָפוּץ עַל פְּנֵי כָל הָאָרֶץ. וַיֵּרֶד יְהוָה לִרְאֹת אֶת הָעִיר וְאֶת הַמִּגְדָּל אֲשֶׁר בָּנוּ בְּנֵי הָאָדָם. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה הֵן עַם אֶחָד וְשָׂפָה אַחַת לְכֻלָּם וְזֶה הַחִלָּם לַעֲשׂוֹת וְעַתָּה לֹא יִבָּצֵר מֵהֶם כֹּל אֲשֶׁר יָזְמוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת. הָבָה נֵרְדָה וְנָבְלָה שָׁם שְׂפָתָם אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ אִישׁ שְׂפַת רֵעֵהוּ. וַיָּפֶץ יְהוָה אֹתָם מִשָּׁם עַל פְּנֵי כָל הָאָרֶץ וַיַּחְדְּלוּ לִבְנֹת הָעִיר. עַל כֵּן קָרָא שְׁמָהּ בָּבֶל כִּי שָׁם בָּלַל יְהוָה שְׂפַת כָּל הָאָרֶץ וּמִשָּׁם הֱפִיצָם יְהוָה עַל פְּנֵי כָּל הָאָרֶץ.
And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. And they said one to another: ‘Come, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.’ And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar. And they said: ‘Come, let us build us a city, and a tower, with its top in heaven, and let us make us a name; lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.’ And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. And the LORD said: ‘Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is what they begin to do; and now nothing will be withholden from them, which they purpose to do. Come, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.’ So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth; and they left off to build the city. Therefore was the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there aconfound the language of all the earth; and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
Rashi to Genesis 11:8
ויפץ ה' אותם משם: בעולם הזה. מה שאמרו פן נפוץ, נתקיים עליהם, הוא שאמר שלמה (משלי י כד) מגורת רשע היא תבואנו:So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence (G-d scattered them abroad) in this world. That which they said, "Lest we be scattered abroad," was fulfilled upon them. That is what Solomon (meant when he) said (Prov. 10), "The fear of the wicked, it shall come upon him."
Rashi to Genesis 11:9
ומשם הפיצם: למד שאין להם חלק לעולם הבא. וכי אי זו קשה, של דור המבול או של דור הפלגה, אלו לא פשטו יד בעיקר, ואלו פשטו יד בעיקר כביכול להלחם בו, ואלו נשטפו, ואלו לא נאבדו מן העולם. אלא שדור המבול היו גזלנים והיתה מריבה ביניהם לכך נאבדו, ואלו היו נוהגים אהבה וריעות ביניהם, שנאמר שפה אחת ודברים אחדים. למדת ששנוי המחלוקת וגדול השלום
And from thence (did the Lord) scatter them This teaches that they have no portion in the world to come. But which (transgression) was more grave, that of the generation of the Flood or that of the generation of the division (of mankind)? The former did not stretch forth their hands against G-d, while the latter did stretch forth their hands against the Almighty to wage war against him; yet the former were drowned while the latter did not perish from the world. However, the generation of the Flood were robbers and there was strife among them, therefore they were destroyed; whereas the latter used to conduct themselves with love and friendship among them, for it is stated "of one language and of one speech." (From the above) you learn that hated is dissension and great is peace.
וַתִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ לִפְנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים וַתִּמָּלֵא הָאָרֶץ חָמָס.
And the earth was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence.
Rashi to Genesis 6:11
ותמלא הארץ חמס: גזל
And the earth was filled with violence (This means robbery).
Questions to Consider:
What is bothering Rashi? (Hint: there are two issues in the commentary included here.)
How does Rashi explain the text?
How does Rashi know that the Generation of Dispersion is not as sinful as that of the Flood? To what does he attribute their small amount of merit?
How do you understand Rashi's lesson: hated is dissension and great is peace? What Hebrew words does he use there?
Did reading the commentary change the way you understand the text? If time permits, go back and read the verses from Genesis again. Does it read differently to you now?
Be prepared to share some of the ideas that you and your chavruta came up with in your reading of the Rashi commentary.