(2) In the days to come, The Mount of GOD’s House Shall stand firm above the mountains And tower above the hills; And all the nations Shall gaze on it with joy. (3) And the many peoples shall go and say “Come, Let us go up to the Mount of GOD, To the House of the God of Jacob; That we may be instructed in God’s ways, And that we may walk in God’s paths.”
For the instruction of law shall come forth from Zion, The word of GOD from Jerusalem. (4) Thus [God] will judge among the nations And arbitrate for the many peoples, And they shall beat their swords into plowshares And their spears into pruning hooks: Nation shall not take up Sword against nation; They shall never again teach war.
(א) עַל שִׁשָּׁה דְּבָרִים נִצְטַוָּה אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן. עַל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וְעַל בִּרְכַּת הַשֵּׁם. וְעַל שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים. וְעַל גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת. וְעַל הַגֵּזֶל. וְעַל הַדִּינִים. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכֻּלָּן הֵן קַבָּלָה בְּיָדֵינוּ מִמּשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ. וְהַדַּעַת נוֹטָה לָהֶן. מִכְּלַל דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה יֵרָאֶה שֶׁעַל אֵלּוּ נִצְטַוָּה. הוֹסִיף לְנֹחַ אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ט, ד) "אַךְ בָּשָׂר בְּנַפְשׁוֹ דָמוֹ לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ". נִמְצְאוּ שֶׁבַע מִצְוֹת. וְכֵן הָיָה הַדָּבָר בְּכָל הָעוֹלָם עַד אַבְרָהָם. בָּא אַבְרָהָם וְנִצְטַוָּה יֶתֶר עַל אֵלּוּ בְּמִילָה. וְהוּא הִתְפַּלֵּל שַׁחֲרִית. וַיִּצְחָק הִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר וְהוֹסִיף תְּפִלָּה אַחֶרֶת לִפְנוֹת הַיּוֹם. וְיַעֲקֹב הוֹסִיף גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה וְהִתְפַּלֵּל עַרְבִית. וּבְמִצְרַיִם נִצְטַוָּה עַמְרָם בְּמִצְוֹת יְתֵרוֹת. עַד שֶׁבָּא משֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ וְנִשְׁלְמָה תּוֹרָה עַל יָדוֹ:
(1) Adam, the first man, was commanded with six commandments: 1) idolatry, 2) “blessing” (euphemistically) the Name (of G-d), 3) murder, 4) illicit sexual relations, 5) thievery and, 6) establishing a system of justice. Even though all of these have been received as a Tradition from Moses our Teacher and we can understand the rationale for them, nevertheless, from (verses in) the Torah (we learn that) it was these that they were commanded. A seventh commandment forbidding the eating of a limb torn from a live animal was added for Noah, as it says, “Even flesh, life is in the blood, do not eat of it” (Genesis 9:4). These commandments were universally applicable - until Abraham. With Abraham, circumcision was also commanded and he prayed Shacharis (the Morning Prayer). Isaac separated out a tithe and added another prayer in the afternoon and, with Jacob, the prohibition against eating the sciatic nerve was added, as was the Maariv (Evening) Prayer. In Egypt, Amram was commanded with other precepts and, with Moses our Teacher, the Torah was completed.
(13) The sum of the matter, when all is said and done: Revere God and observe His commandments! For this applies to all mankind:
הברכה והכונה
The BLESSING, the PURPOSE, "The Final Cause of Human Nature"
Other Ancient Transmitters of Noachide Ethics
Babylonian Talmud, 56a,56b. Obligations on noachides, G*d fearing goyim/gentiles.
The following ethical teachings originated in Jewish teaching to Noahides, in my opinion, but are now often mixed into idolatrous or superstitious systems of thought and their publications, therefore use discernment, and investigate them non-dogmatically with the help of an orthodox Rabbi, using primary sources wherever possible, rather than later religious translations.
Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics V - VI.11 Justice as the cardinal virtue. Also courage, temperance, and prudence.
Patanjali Yoga Sutras II.27-45 the yamas - ethical restraints - corresponding to second table of the decalogue: Ahimsa, brahmacarya, asteya, satya, aparigraha.
Matthew 5-7, Joschka's "Sermon on the Mount", a hasidic interpretation of the second table of the decalogue.
Noahide covenant taught by the Apostle Paul
Romans 1 - Oneness, eternity, and incorporeality of God. Paul's Jewish apologetics. The futility of idolatry and body-worship, and its progression into unnatural desire and sexual perversions. Theis was probably the content of his early preaching in Galatia, which was so successful that he was flooded with Gentiles seeking conversion to Judaism that he wrote his anti-Jewish epistle of Galatians in order to stem the overflow. (Galatians may also be a Marcionite redaction of a much longer letter which had these Jewish apologetics, with the redaction retaining only its anti-Judaizing message, consistent with Marcion's antijudaism)
Romans 9-12 re-affirmation of Torah Judaism and eternal covenant, relationship of gentile God-fearers as "grafted into the olive tree of Israel", correcting the anti-Jewish teachings of Marcion and the gnostics, for "Christ is the purpose of the law" ( equivocally translated "end of the law" and deliberately misinterpreted by Christian expositors to mean "abrogation of the law"), but "Jacob have I loved, Esau I have hated", and warning gentiles "do not boast against the root, for you do not support the root, but the root supports you". Christianity has stubbornly rejected these teachings.
Romans 13 The second table of the decalogue, and requirement for courts of law
Romans 14 Prohibition on idolatry: dietary restrictions for Noahides who are christ-followers, which would enable them to have table fellowship with Jews.
Romans 15 "Whatever was written before was for our instruction (Torah), that through patience and encouragement we might have hope" ... "Christ has become a minister to the circumcision (the Jews) for the truth of God, to confirm the the promises of the patriarchs, and to the nations for hasidut/mercy to glory God, even as it has been written, 'Therefore I will confess you among the nations, and your name I will praise' and again he says, 'Rejoice, O nations, with his people'".
(Christianity has utterly departed from these apostolic teachings, giving them anti-Jewish interpretations that deny the plain meaning of the texts, while perversely supporting its exact contrary: the false, unbiblical, and immoral doctrines of the abrogation of law, the supercession of covenant, and replacement of Jews by the church, and a "trinity" in which "Christ" is idolized and simultaneously disobeyed, and effectively replaces God)
Like Joshua son of Miriam, Paul was actually practicing a form of Hasidic Judaism, and not attempting to start an alternate religion, but rather teaching the Noahide covenant to the "Hasidei meUmot Olam" - the "Pious among the nations of the world". This is why the Pharisees defended him in the Sanhedrin in Acts ___, and why early Christian patriarchs and many evangelicals and greek orthodox today hold that he relapsed into a "Jewish heresy" at the end of his life and in his pastoral epistles - they misread Paul through a Marcionite lens today, just as they did during his own life, in order to justify the alternate religion they have constructed based on a mis-appropriation of his message.
נח הצדיק. את האלקים התהלך נח