The Tears of Abraham - Parshat Hayei Sara

(א) וַיִּהְיוּ֙ חַיֵּ֣י שָׂרָ֔ה מֵאָ֥ה שָׁנָ֛ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְשֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים שְׁנֵ֖י חַיֵּ֥י שָׂרָֽה׃ (ב) וַתָּ֣מׇת שָׂרָ֗ה בְּקִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע הִ֥וא חֶבְר֖וֹן בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַיָּבֹא֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם לִסְפֹּ֥ד לְשָׂרָ֖ה וְלִבְכֹּתָֽהּ׃ (ג) וַיָּ֙קׇם֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י מֵת֑וֹ וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־בְּנֵי־חֵ֖ת לֵאמֹֽר׃ (ד) גֵּר־וְתוֹשָׁ֥ב אָנֹכִ֖י עִמָּכֶ֑ם תְּנ֨וּ לִ֤י אֲחֻזַּת־קֶ֙בֶר֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְאֶקְבְּרָ֥ה מֵתִ֖י מִלְּפָנָֽי׃

(1) And Sarah’s life came to one hundred and twenty-seven years — those were the years of Sarah's life . (2) Sarah died in Kiryat Arba—now Hevron—in the land of Canaan; and Abraham came to eulogize Sarah and to cry over her. (3) Then Abraham rose up from his dead, and spoke to the Hittites, saying, (4) “I am a resident foreigner among you; sell me a burial site among you, so that I may remove my dead for burial.”

Death and Mourning Practices:

Aninut (State of Shock)

- Upon hearing the news, tear garments and recite "Baruch Dayan HaEmet."

- Exempt from all positive mitzvot until burial.

Levayah (Funeral. Literally, "Escorting)

- Part 1, Hesped: Psalm 23, Eulogies, El Maleh Rachamim

- Part 2, Kevurah: Tziduk HaDin (7 steps), Communal Burial, Kaddish at Gravesite

Aveilut (mourning)

- Shivah (7): Sit Low, Cover Mirrors, No: Bathing, Grooming, Leather Shoes, Sex. Receive Visitors, Minyan in Home

Nichum Avelim (Comforting Mourners): HaMakom Y'nachem Et'chem B'toch Shaar Aveilei Tzion v'Yerushalayim

- Shloshim (30): Leave house but continue to grow hair (Until someone comments). Sometimes unveiling at 30 days.

- Shana (1 yr): No big parties or live music, say Kaddish for 11 months.

- Yohrtzeit (year-time): Light a candle, Study Mishnah, Say Kaddish

לספוד לשרה ולבכתה.

וְנִסְמְכָה מִיתַת שָׂרָה לַעֲקֵדַת יִצְחָק לְפִי שֶׁעַל יְדֵי בְּשׂוֹרַת הָעֲקֵדָה, שֶׁנִּזְדַּמֵּן בְּנָהּ לִשְׁחִיטָה וְכִמְעַט שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁחַט, פָּרְחָה נִשְׁמָתָהּ מִמֶּנָּה וּמֵתָה:

To eulogize Sarah and to cry over her — The narrative of the death of Sarah follows immediately on that of the Binding of Isaac, because through the announcement of the Binding — that her son had been made ready for slaughter and had almost been slaughtered — her soul flew from her and she died.

ויבא אברהם לספוד לשרה ולבכותה

בכל מקום הבכי קודם להספד וכאן מוחלפת השיטה, כי בכל מקום ג' לבכי ז' להספד (מו״ק כז:) ונראה לפי שבכל מת, האבל הולך ומתמעט כי ברבות הימים הכל נשכח, אמנם צדקת זו בכל יום ויום הרגישו ביותר בהעדר שלה, מצד העדר תורתה ומעשיה הטובים שנאבדו לדורה, על כן הקדים ההספד לבכי. ועוד אמרו רז״ל (סנהדרין כב.) כל מי שמתה אשתו ראשונה כאילו חרב בית המקדש בימיו כו'. על כן מתחילה בא לספוד לשרה בעבורה, אבל לא בכה עליה כי ידע שעלתה לה למרום למקום יקר ונכבד מאשר היתה בו בארץ מאפליה זו (ע״פ ירמיה ב לא) ואח״כ בכה על בהמ״ק שנחרב בימיו כי גם מלאכי שלום מר יבכיון על חורבנו.

And Abraham came to eulogize Sarah and to cry over her -

...We always find that crying comes before eulogizing, but here it is the opposite! (As it says in Talmud Moed Katan 27b: "3 days of crying and 7 days of eulogy.") And so it appears that with most deaths, the grief becomes lessened over time, because with the passing of days, everything is forgotten. But with a tzadeket like this, every day they felt her absence more and more, because of the absence of her Torah and her good deeds, which were now lost to the generation. And so it places the eulogy before the crying. Furthermore, our Rabbis of blessed memory said that, "Anyone whose first wife dies, it is as if the Holy Temple had been destroyed in his days." (Sanhedrin 22a) So at first he came to eulogize her, for her sake, but he did not cry over her because he knew that she was ascending to the heights, to a more precious and honored place than she had on this gloomy earth. But afterwards, he cried over the Holy Temple that had been destroyed in his days, and so did the Angels of Peace weep bitterly over its destruction.

ויבא אברהם לספוד לשרה ולבכתה

י"ל הנה הכ"ף דולבכתה היא מן א"ב זעירא ונ"ל דבא לרמז מה דאיתא בגמרא בבא בתרא וה' ברך את אברהם בכל דבת הי' לו לאברהם "ובכל" שמה אלא שמתה, והנה כל זמן ששרה חי לא הי' מרגיש כ"כ חסרון בתו כי לא הי' לבדו, וגם הי' מתנחם בשרה, אבל כאשר גם שרה מתה ונשאר לבדו התחיל להרגיש להתמרמר ולבכות גם על מיתת בתו

וידוע דקטנות מורה על חסרון ומיעוט ואם תחסר ותסיר הכ"ף מן ולבכתה נקראת "ולבתה"

And Abraham came to eulogize Sarah and to cry over her -

The 'kaf' (כ) in "to cry over her" is one of the small letters in the Torah. And it seems to me that is a hint to what it says in Talmud Bava Batra: "And God had blessed Abraham with everything (bakol)..." (Gen. 24:1) means that Abraham had a daughter and Bakol was her name. But she died. While Sarah was alive, he did not feel as severely the loss of his daughter, because he was not alone, and because he could take comfort in Sarah. But when she also died, and he was left alone, he began to feel the loss and to become bitter and cry also over the death of his daughter.

For we know in general that smallness indicates loss and diminishing. But also, if you remove the 'kaf' (כ) from "and to cry over her," (ולבכתה) it reads "and for her daughter." (ולבתה)

וַיָּקָם אַבְרָהָם מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֹ (בראשית כג, ג), מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהָיָה רוֹאֶה מַלְאַךְ הַמָּוֶת מַתְּרִיס כְּנֶגְדוֹ.

Avraham rose up from his dead (Genesis 23:3) - This teaches us that he saw the Angel of Death coming after him.