0. וְהָיוּ ,השְׁנֵי הַמְּאֹרֹת הַגְּדֹלִים, "לְאתֹת וּלְמוֹעֲדִים וּלְיָמִים וְשָׁנִים." רמז זה ללא עבוד את הככבים כי הם לא מושלו ,וללא עובד את השמש או הירח לבדו כי הם יבואו, וללא עובד את הפסלים כי אינם נותן אור. "הַמָּא֤וֹר הַגָּדֹל֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַקָּטֹן֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַלַּ֔יְלָה"
1. פרו
2. רבו
3. מלאו את הארץ
4. כבשוה
5. רדו בחיות השדה
6. עבוד את הגן
7. שמרה8. אכול תואכל מין עץ כל פרי
9. לא אכול מן העץ דעת טוב ורע (לא תאכל אבר מין החיי)
0. To acknowledge the most high as the father of lights. That there should be two great lights as "signs for the appointed times, days, and years". Hint that these are subordinate powers, that one should not serve nor the stars for they rule not, nor the sun or moon for both must set, nor idols, for they give no light. There must be a highest power above them all.
1. Be fruitful.
2. Multiply. (Do not murder.)
3. Fill the earth.
4. Cultivate it.
5. Rule the living creatures.
6. Serve in the garden.
7. Guard it.
8. Eat from each kind of fruit tree.
9. From the the tree of knowledge in the middle of the garden, do not eat.
- Hear the instruction of the true prophet and obey the command
- Turn away from seducers
10. עזוב את אביו ואת אמו
11. דבק באישתו, שנים תיהו לבשר אחד (לא תנאף, אסור גלוי ערות)
12. להיות עם אישה ערום ולא יתבושש (לטהר לבב. לכבוש את היצר הרע, ודבק ליצר הטוב.)
10. Leave your father and mother.
11. Cleave to your wife, so that the two become one flesh. (do not commit adultery, other prohibited relations)
12. To be with your wife naked and unashamed. (To purify the heart, to subdue the bad inclination, to cleave to the good and rejoice.)
13. התהלך עם אלוקים ושמוע בקולו (לא יהי לך אלקים אחרים. ברכת השם)
14. התראה לפני אלוקים לתן דין וחשבון (להתוודות על חטאים)
15. קבל את הדין ואת החיוב גלות
16. צאת חוץ מגן ולשיבה בגלות
17. בזעת פעם תאכל לחם מין הארץ (לא תגנוב, אסור הגזל)
18. דעת את האישה
19. התלבש בכתנת עור (לכפר על עונות)
20. עבוד את האדמה אשר לוקח משם
21. הביא לאלוקים מנחת בכורים
22. תטיב ולא תתחר
23. תמשול בהחטא
24. לא תרצח
13. To walk with Eloqim and hear his voice
14. To appear before Eloqim to receive judgement.
15. To accept the judgement and the penalty of exile.
16. To go out from the garden and to dwell in exile.
17. To eat bread by the sweat of one's brow. (do not steal)
18. To know your wife.
19. To cover your body. (walk modestly)
20. To work the ground from which you were taken.
21. To bring firstfruit offerings to Eloqim
22. Learn to do good, and do not be angry at reproof and correction.
23. To master one's bad inclination and restrain oneself from sin.
24. Do not murder.
The command of executing equal justice under law is, in my humble opinion, inherent in the command to "multiply" or "raise children". The generation before the flood had corrupted its way, and was held liable for their failure do justice.
Therefore positive command of doing justice, was given again explicitly in the Noachide Covenant.
It is clear from natural philosophy that there is teleology or "final causes" and purpose within nature: There is a design, and it is intelligent, and good. This is perceived by common sense and intuitive reason, prior to scientific demonstration. Genesis explicitly states this telos of human nature.
Natural law and revealed law agree, confirming the propositions of both of philosophic wisdom and Mosaic prophecy. When we acknowledge and give thanks for this design, our own intelligence increases by virtue of connection to its source: this is how human maturity is attained, potential is actualized, and how the soul is healed. Koheleth (if not Genesis) may have been a source for these chief insights of Aristotelian science and metaphysics, and the occasional errors of the latter can by corrected with reference to and to Maimonides' Guide for the Perplexed. This frees us from both ignorance and dogmatism, and it was the basis for the medieval university, and is or should be the basis of a secular "liberal arts" education today.
(יד) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹקִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַיּ֖וֹם וּבֵ֣ין הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָי֤וּ לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמ֣וֹעֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִֽים׃ (טו) וְהָי֤וּ לִמְאוֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהָאִ֖יר עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ (טז) וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹקִ֔ים אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַמְּאֹרֹ֖ת הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים אֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַגָּדֹל֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַקָּטֹן֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְאֵ֖ת הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃ (יז) וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛ם אֱלֹקִ֖ים בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לְהָאִ֖יר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (יח) וְלִמְשֹׁל֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם וּבַלַּ֔יְלָה וּֽלְהַבְדִּ֔יל בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֣ין הַחֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹקִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ (יט) וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם רְבִיעִֽי׃ {פ}
In all the gains he makes beneath the sun?
סוף דבר הכל נשמע את האלקים ירא ואת מצותיו שמור כי זה כל האדם
The making of many books is without limit
And much study is a wearying of the flesh. (13) The sum of the matter, when all is said and done: Revere God and observe His commandments! For this applies to all mankind: (14) that God will call every creature to account for everything unknown,-s be it good or bad.
The sum of the matter, when all is said and done: Revere God and observe His commandments! For this applies to all mankind.