Shoafim Texts on Lost & Found
(א) לֹא תִרְאֶה אֶת שׁוֹר אָחִיךָ אוֹ אֶת שֵׂיוֹ נִדָּחִים וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ מֵהֶם הָשֵׁב תְּשִׁיבֵם לְאָחִיךָ. (ב) וְאִם לֹא קָרוֹב אָחִיךָ אֵלֶיךָ וְלֹא יְדַעְתּוֹ וַאֲסַפְתּוֹ אֶל תּוֹךְ בֵּיתֶךָ וְהָיָה עִמְּךָ עַד דְּרֹשׁ אָחִיךָ אֹתוֹ וַהֲשֵׁבֹתוֹ לוֹ. (ג) וְכֵן תַּעֲשֶׂה לַחֲמֹרוֹ וְכֵן תַּעֲשֶׂה לְשִׂמְלָתוֹ וְכֵן תַּעֲשֶׂה לְכָל אֲבֵדַת אָחִיךָ אֲשֶׁר תֹּאבַד מִמֶּנּוּ וּמְצָאתָהּ לֹא תוּכַל לְהִתְעַלֵּם.

(1) You shall not see your brother’s ox or his sheep driven away, and hide yourself from them; you shall surely bring them back to your brother. (2) And if your brother (fellow person) is not close to you, and you know him not, then you shall bring it home to your house, and it shall be with you until your brother claims it, and you shall restore it to him. (3) And so shall you do with his donkey; and so shalt you do with his garment; and so shalt thou do with every lost thing of your brother’s, which he has lost, and you have found; you may not hide yourself.

(ה) אף השמלה היתה בכלל כל אלה. למה יצאת. להקיש אליה, לומר לך, מה שמלה מיחדת שיש בה סימנים ויש לה תובעים, אף כל דבר שיש בו סימנים ויש לו תובעים חיב להכריז.

(5) A garment is included with all of these (lost objects)! Why [did the Torah] specify it? To say to you: just as a garment is special in that it has identifiable markings, and [if lost] there are claimants for it, so too anything which has identifiable markings and has claimants for it, one must announce [it].

הפקר

Hefker = property that is declared ownerless and is available for anyone to take. Property becomes hefker by the owner declaring it so, or if it is a found object that can not be identified by its markings. Some examples include commonly scattered objects like coins and items that many people have the exact same version of like a simple #2 pencil.