GrowTorah Core Value: Incubating Emunah
The skin affliction, tzaraat, is a punishment for lashon harah and slander. But tzaraat can also infect people's clothing and houses. How do the Rabbis explain this phenomenon? In what ways are our clothing, property, house and surroundings a reflection of our personal values?
Lesson Title: A Plague on Both Your Houses
When a person has on the skin of his body a swelling, a rash, or a discoloration, and it develops into a scaly affection on the skin of his body, it shall be reported to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons, the priests.
(א) זֹאת תִּהְיֶה תּוֹרַת הַמְּצֹרָע. יְלַמְּדֵנוּ רַבֵּנוּ, עַל כַּמָּה דְּבָרִים נְגָעִים בָּאִים עַל הָאָדָם. כָּךְ שָׁנוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ, עַל אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה דְּבָרִים הַנְּגָעִים בָּאִים עַל הָאָדָם. עַל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְעַל חִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם, וְעַל גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת, וְעַל הַגְּנֵבוֹת, וְעַל לָשׁוֹן הָרַע, וְעַל הַמֵּעִיד עֵדוּת שֶׁקֶר, וְעַל הַדַּיָּן הַמְקַלְקֵל אֶת הַדִּין, וְעַל שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא, וְעַל הַנִּכְנָס בִּתְחוּם שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, וְעַל הַחוֹשֵׁב מַחְשָׁבוֹת שֶׁל שֶׁקֶר, וְעַל הַמְשַׁלֵּחַ מְדָנִים בֵּין אַחִים. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: אַף עַל עַיִן רָעָה.
(1) (Lev. 14:2:) “This shall be the law of the leper.” Let our master instruct us: For how many things does leprosy come? Thus have our masters taught: The affliction comes [upon one] for eleven things: (1) For idolatry, (2) for desecration of the name [of God], (3) for unchastity, (4) for theft, (5) for slander, (6) for false witness, (7) upon the judge who perverts justice, (8) for swearing in vain, (9) upon one who enters a domain which is not his, (10) upon one who thinks false thoughts, and (11) upon one who instigates quarrels among brothers. And some also say, “for the evil eye (i.e., for being miserly).”
And Rabbi Yosei ben Zimra says: Anyone who speaks malicious speech will be afflicted by leprous marks coming upon him, as it is stated: “Whoever defames his neighbor in secret, I will destroy him [atzmit]; whoever is haughty of eye and proud of heart, I will not suffer him” (Psalms 101:5). And it is written there: “And the land shall not be sold in perpetuity [letzmitut]; for the land is Mine; for you are strangers and settlers with Me” (Leviticus 25:23). And we translate this term letzmitut as laḥalutin, in perpetuity or confirmed. Rabbi Yosei ben Zimra continues: And we learned in a mishna (Megilla 8b): The only difference between a quarantined leper, i.e., one examined by a priest who found his symptoms inconclusive and is quarantined, and a confirmed [muḥlat] leper, one whose symptoms were conclusive and the priest declared him a definite leper, is with regard to letting the hair on one’s head grow wild and rending one’s garments. A confirmed leper is obligated to let the hair on his head grow wild and rend his garments; a quarantined leper is not. The similarity in the terms teaches that one who speaks malicious speech will be afflicted with leprous marks. Reish Lakish says: What is the meaning of that which is written: “This shall be the law of the leper [metzora] in the day of his cleansing: He shall be brought to the priest” (Leviticus 14:2)? This means that this shall be the law of a defamer [motzi shem ra].
GUIDING QUESTIONS:
What is tzaraat?
- A scaly skin affliction, a discoloration
What explanations do the Rabbis provide for tzaraat's origins?
- Personal sins, sins of speech – lashon harah
GUIDING QUESTIONS:
Where can tzaraat occur?
- On the skin obviously, but also clothes and houses
How does Sforno explanation of tzaraat on clothing and houses add to our understanding of tzaraat?
- These forms are not naturally occurring, so they are all the more so evidence of Hashem's miraculous care. Devotion to Hashem is reflected in a spotless appearance, and the appearance of tzaraat shows a turn from virtue.
Living the Lesson
והבגד כי יהיה בו נגע צרעת ממה שאין ספק בו שלא יהיה זה בטבע בשום פנים, כי בבגד לא יקרו אלה המראות המשונות אם לא מצד מלאכה תשימם בו בצבעים שונים בכונה או שלא בכונה וזה מצד איזה חטא שיקרה בסמים הצובעים או במלאכת האומן או בהתפעלות הבגד הצבוע. ... . וזה כי אמנם המין האנושי הוא התכלית המכוון במציאות בפרט במציאות הנפסדים, כי הוא לבדו מוכן מכולם להיות דומה לבורא במושכלות ובמעשיות, כאשר העיד הוא יתברך באמרו בצלמנו כדמותנו ויצדק זה בכל אחד מאישי האדם כשכלו האישיי הנקרא ''צלם אלהים'' ובכחו הבחיריי הנקרא ''דמות אלהים'' כי האדם לבדו בנבראים הוא בעל בחירה וכאשר יתעורר להתבונן מציאות בוראו וגדלו וטובו אשר בו הוא רב חסד ואמת ובהם עושה צדקה ומשפט, ואחר שהתבונן והכיר זה ילך בדרכיו לעשות רצונו כרצונו הנה זה בלי ספק דומה לבוראו יותר מכל שאר הנבראים והוא התכלית המכוון מאת הבורא הממציא כאמרו וצדיק יסוד עולם.
והבגד כי יהיה בו נגע צרעת, when it is quite clear that this is not the kind of stain familiar to science and responsive to removing by chemical detergents. Discolouration of a garment in colours other than the ones that are work related due to the vocation of the wearer, are usually caused deliberately by the owner. What occurred here is due to some sin the owner was guilty of.
Seeing that the gentiles as a rule do not have life in the hereafter to look forward to, G’d is not at such pains to warn them not to risk losing something they doe not to look forward to in any event. When a Jew is in danger of losing his claim to eternal life this is a far more serious matter, and G’d goes out of His way to afford the person potentially endangering his claim to eternal life an opportunity to repent and change his lifestyle before it is too late. In referring to this concept, Solomon in Proverbs 10,25 describes the צדיק, the Just, as the foundation of the universe. The whole idea of man having been created in G’d’s image, and G’d’s desire for man to become as much like Him as it is possible for a creature to become, lies at the source of this concern by G’d not to let man waste his opportunity to live up to his destiny.
GUIDING QUESTIONS:
Even though tzaraat no longer serves as a symbol of our transgressions, how can our clothes and houses still connect to our virtue or sin? How can we still look for Hashem's signs to guide us?