SUMMARY
- Laws regulating the lives and sacrifices of the priests are presented. (21:1-22:33)
- The set times of the Jewish calendar are named and described: the Sabbath, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and the Pilgrimage Festivals of Pesach, Shavuot, and Sukkot. (23:1-44)
- God commands the Israelites to bring clear olive oil for lighting the sanctuary menorah. The ingredients and placement of the displayed loaves of sanctuary bread are explained. (24:1-9)
- Laws dealing with profanity, murder, and the maiming of others are outlined. (24:10-23)
נוהגים שלא לישא אשה בין פסח לעצרת עד ל"ג בעומר מפני שבאותו זמן מתו תלמידי ר' עקיבא אבל לארס ולקדש שפיר דמי ונשואין נמי מי שקפץ וכנס אין עונשין אותו: הגה מיהו מל"ג בעומר ואילך הכל שרי (אבודרהם וב"י ומנהגים):
וַיֵּצֵא בֶּן אִשָּׁה יִשְׂרְאֵלִית. רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר, מִפָּרָשַׁת יוֹחֲסִין יָצָא. שֶׁכְּשֶׁבָּא לִיטַּע אָהֳלוֹ בְּמַחֲנֶה דָּן, דָּחוּהוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: בֶּן מִצְרִי אַתָּה, וּכְתִיב: אִישׁ עַל דִּגְלוֹ בְּאוֹתוֹת לְבֵית אֲבוֹתָם (במדבר ב, ב), וְלֹא לְבֵית אִמּוֹתָם. מִיָּד הִתְחִיל לִנְקֹב אֶת הַשֵּׁם וּלְקַלְּלוֹ. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר, מַמְזֵר בָּרוּר הָיָה. כֵּיצַד, נוֹגְשִׂים הָיוּ מִשֶּׁל מִצְרִים, וְהַשּׁוֹטְרִים מִשֶּׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. הַנּוֹגֵשׂ הָיָה מְמֻנֶּה עַל עֲשָׂרָה שׁוֹטְרִים, וְהַשּׁוֹטֵר הָיָה מְמֻנֶּה עַל עֲשָׂרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. נִמְצָא, הַנּוֹגֵשׂ מְמֻנֶּה עַל מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. חַד זְמָן קִדְּמוֹ נוֹגֵשׂ לְשׁוֹטֵר. אָמַר לֵיהּ: זִיל כְּנֹשׂ עֲשִׂרִיּוֹתֶיךָ. כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָלַךְ הַשּׁוֹטֵר לְדַרְכּוֹ, נִכְנַס הַנּוֹגֵשׂ לְבֵיתוֹ שֶׁל שׁוֹטֵר וְקִלְקֵל עִם שְׁלוֹמִית אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל שׁוֹטֵר. חָזַר בַּעֲלָהּ, מוֹצְאוֹ יוֹצֵא מִבֵּיתוֹ. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִרְגִּישׁ בּוֹ, הֲוָה מָחִי לֵיהּ כָּל יוֹמָא, וְאָמַר לֵיהּ: לֵיעַנּוֹת טַבְאוֹת, לֵיעַנּוֹת טַבְאוֹת. נִצְנְצָה רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ בְּמֹשֶׁה. תָּלָה עֵינָיו לַמָּרוֹם, אָמַר, לֹא דַּי לְרָשָׁע זֶה שֶׁעִנָּה אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, אֶלָּא חוֹזֵר וּמַכֶּה לְבַעֲלָהּ. מִיָּד וַיַּךְ אֶת הַמִּצְרִי וַיִּטְמְנֵהוּ בַּחוֹל (שמות ב, יב). אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה בַּעֲוֹנוֹת אַתֶּם נִמְסָרִין בְּיַד אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. אֲבָל לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, וְהָיוּ מְלָכִים אֹמְנַיִךְ וְשָׂרוֹתֵיהֶם מֵינִיקֹתַיִךְ, אַפַּיִם אֶרֶץ יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לָךְ וַעֲפַר רַגְלַיִךְ יְלַחֵכוּ וְיָדַעְתְּ כִּי אֲנִי ה' אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵבֹשׁוּ קֹוָי (ישעיה מט, כג).
(Lev. 24:10:) “Now there went out the son of an Israelite woman, [whose father was Egyptian].” From where did he go out? R. Hiyya bar Abba said, “He went out from the Parashah on genealogies.106Lev. R. 32:3; Sifra to Lev. 14:10 (242: Emor, Parashah 14). When he came to pitch his tent in the camp of Dan, they rejected him. Now they said to him, ‘You have an Egyptian father, but it is written (in Numb. 2:2), ‘each with his standard, under the banners of their fathers' houses,’ and not ‘of their mothers' houses.’ Immediately (according to Lev. 24:11), he began to utter the name [of God] and curse it.” R. Levi said, “He was clearly a bastard.107See Enoch Zundel’s ‘Ets Yosef commentary on Tanchuma here, as such a case is not included in the legal definition of a bastard (mamzer). How so? Taskmasters were from Egypt, and the officers were from Israel.108Exod. R. 1:28; Lev. R. 32:4. The taskmaster was in charge of ten officers, and the officer was in charge of ten Israelites. [Thus,] it turned out that the taskmaster was in charge of a hundred and ten Israelites. On one occasion a taskmaster met an officer. He said to him, ‘Go gather your groups of ten.’ When he had gone, he entered his house and sullied Shelomith, the officer's wife. [When] her husband returned, he found him leaving his house. When [the taskmaster knew that her husband] noticed him, he beat him every day and said to him, ‘Toil properly, toil properly.’ The holy spirit was kindled in Moses. He raised his eyes to the sky. He said, ‘Was it not enough for this wicked man to rape his wife, but that he should return and beat him?’ Immediately (according to Exod. 2:12), ‘he smote the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.’” The Holy One, blessed be He, said, “In this world you are delivered through sins into the hands of the nations of the world. However, in the world to come (according to Is. 49:23), ‘Kings shall be your guardians; their ladies, your wet nurses; they shall bow down before you, nose to the ground, and lick the dust of your feet; then you shall know that I am the Lord; those who trust Me shall not be ashamed.’”