On Seeing the Divine: Parashat Mishpatim
(ט) וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֑ן נָדָב֙ וַאֲבִיה֔וּא וְשִׁבְעִ֖ים מִזִּקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (י) וַיִּרְא֕וּ אֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְתַ֣חַת רַגְלָ֗יו כְּמַעֲשֵׂה֙ לִבְנַ֣ת הַסַּפִּ֔יר וּכְעֶ֥צֶם הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לָטֹֽהַר׃ (יא) וְאֶל־אֲצִילֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֖ח יָד֑וֹ וַֽיֶּחֱזוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃ (ס)
(9) Then Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy elders of Israel ascended; (10) and they saw the God of Israel: under His feet there was the likeness of a pavement of sapphire, like the very sky for purity. (11) Yet He did not raise His hand against the leaders of the Israelites; they beheld God, and they ate and drank.
(טו) וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם מְאֹ֖ד לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹ֤א רְאִיתֶם֙ כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם בְּחֹרֵ֖ב מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃
(15) For your own sake, therefore, be most careful—since you saw no shape when the LORD your God spoke to you at Horeb out of the fire—
(כ) וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹ֥א תוּכַ֖ל לִרְאֹ֣ת אֶת־פָּנָ֑י כִּ֛י לֹֽא־יִרְאַ֥נִי הָאָדָ֖ם וָחָֽי׃
(20) But,” He said, “you cannot see My face, for man may not see Me and live.”
ויאמר לא תוכל לראות לא יהיה זה נמנע ממך מפני חסרון השפעתי, אבל מפני חסרון קבלתך, שלא תוכל לקבל את שפע האור:
ויאמר לא תוכל לראות, your inability to see what you would like to see is not due to My depriving you, personally, of such an experience, but is rooted in man’s inability to “see” such things unless you had died first, as an eye of flesh and blood cannot “see” such things. You would be fatally blinded before understanding anything you would “see.”
(א) ויראו את אלהי ישראל. נִסְתַּכְּלוּ וְהֵצִיצוּ וְנִתְחַיְּבוּ מִיתָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא רָצָה הַקָּבָּ"ה לְעַרְבֵּב שִׂמְחַת הַתּוֹרָה וְהִמְתִּין לְנָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא עַד יוֹם חֲנֻכַּת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, וְלַזְּקֵנִים עַד וַיְהִי הָעָם כְּמִתְאוֹנְנִים, וַתִּבְעַר בָּם אֵשׁ ה' וַתֹּאכַל בִּקְצֵה הַמַּחֲנֶה (במדבר י"א) – בַּקְּצִינִים שֶׁבַּמַּחֲנֶה (תנחומא): (ב) כמעשה לבנת הספיר. הִיא הָיְתָה לְפָנָיו בִּשְׁעַת הַשִּׁעְבּוּד, לִזְכֹּר צָרָתָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהָיוּ מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים בְּמַעֲשֵׂה לְבֵנִים (ויקרא רבה): (ג) וכעצם השמים לטהר. מִשֶּׁנִּגְאֲלוּ הָיָה אוֹר וְחֶדְוָה לְפָנָיו: (ד) וכעצם. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, לְשׁוֹן מַרְאֶה: (ה) לטהר. לְשׁוֹן בָּרוּר וְצָלוּל:
(1) ויראו את אלהי ישראל NOW THEY SAW THE GOD OF ISRAEL — They gazed intently and failing in this they peeped in their attempt to catch a glimpse of the Supreme Being, and thereby made themselves liable to death. But it was only because God did not wish to disturb the joy caused by the Giving of the Torah, that He did not punish them instantly, but waited (postponed the punishment) for Nadab and Abihu until the day when the Tabernacle was dedicated, when they were stricken with death, and for the elders until the event of which the text relates, (Numbers 11:16) “And when the people complained …. and the fire of the Lord burned among them and destroyed בקצה המחנה” — those who were the קצינים “nobles” of the camp (Midrash Tanchuma, Beha'alotcha 16). (2) כמעשה לבנת הספיר AS IT WERE THE BRICKWORK OF SAPPHIRE — This had been before Him during the period of Egyptian slavery as a symbol of Israel’s woes — for they were subjected to do brick-work (cf. Jerusalem Talmud Succah 6:3; Leviticus Rabbah 23:8). (3) וכעצם השמים לטהר AND AS IT WERE AS THE BODY OF HEAVEN FOR PURITY — This implies that as soon as they (the Israelites) were delivered there was radiance and rejoicing before Him. (4) וכעצם — Translate it as the Targum does: “as the appearance”. (5) לטהר means FOR BRIGHTNESS AND CLEARNESS.
(א) ויראו. במראה נבואה. כמו ראיתי את ה' יושב על כסא. אמר הגאון כי ספיר לבן. ראייתו לבנת הספיר. ואיננו רק אדום. והעד כי מנהג הלשון לכפול הטעם במלות שונות. והנה כתוב זכו נזיריה משלג צחו מחלב. והנה הטעם כפול. אדמו עצם מפנינים ספיר גזרתם. והנה ספיר כמו פנינים. ועוד אם לבנת הספיר הוא לובן מה טעם לומר כמעשה.היה ראוי לומר כמראה. והנכון כי לבנת מגזרת לבנה. כמו חשכת מים. מגזרת חשכה. והנה לבנת הספיר. כאבן ספיר שראה יחזקאל במראות הנבואה שהוא דמות כסא: (ב) וטעם וכעצם השמים לטוהר. תחת לבנת הספיר והוא הרקיע שהוא כעין הקרח שהוא נטוי על ראשי החיות שראה יחזקאל. והנה כתוב ויראו את אלהי ישראל. ושם כתוב היא החיה אשר ראיתי תחת אלהי ישראל כי תפש דרך קצרה כי היא תחת רקיע. גם הוא תחת הכסא. והכל תחת השם הנכבד:
אִם כֵּן מַהוּ זֶה שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה "וְתַחַת רַגְלָיו". (שמות לא יח) "כְּתוּבִים בְּאֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים". "יַד ה'". "עֵינֵי ה'". "אָזְנֵי ה'". וְכַיּוֹצֵא בִּדְבָרִים הָאֵלּוּ. הַכּל לְפִי דַּעְתָּן שֶׁל בְּנֵי אָדָם הוּא שֶׁאֵינָן מַכִּירִין אֶלָּא (הַנּוֹפוֹת) [הַגּוּפוֹת] וְדִבְּרָה תּוֹרָה כִּלְשׁוֹן בְּנֵי אָדָם. וְהַכּל כִּנּוּיִים הֵן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לב מא) "אִם שַׁנּוֹתִי בְּרַק חַרְבִּי". וְכִי חֶרֶב יֵשׁ לוֹ וּבְחֶרֶב הוּא הוֹרֵג אֶלָּא מָשָׁל וְהַכּל מָשָׁל. רְאָיָה לַדָּבָר שֶׁנָּבִיא אֶחָד אוֹמֵר שֶׁרָאָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (דניאל ז ט) "לְבוּשֵׁיִהּ כִּתְלַג חִוֵּר". וְאֶחָד רָאָהוּ (ישעיה סג א) "חֲמוּץ בְּגָדִים מִבָּצְרָה". משֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ עַצְמוֹ רָאָהוּ עַל הַיָּם כְּגִבּוֹר עוֹשֶׂה מִלְחָמָה. וּבְסִינַי כִּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר עָטוּף. לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ דְּמוּת וְצוּרָה אֶלָּא הַכּל בְּמַרְאֵה הַנְּבוּאָה וּבְמַחֲזֶה. וַאֲמִתַּת הַדָּבָר אֵין דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם מֵבִין וְלֹא יְכוֹלָה לְהַשִּׂיגוֹ וּלְחָקְרוֹ. וְזֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (איוב יא ז) "הַחֵקֶר אֱלוֹהַּ תִּמְצָא אִם עַד תַּכְלִית שַׁדַּי תִּמְצָא":
If so, wherefore is it written in the Torah, "And there was under his feet" (Ex. 24,10), "Written with the finger of God" (Ex. 31,18), "The hand of the Lord" (Ex. 9,3), "The eyes of the Lord" (Deut. 11, 12), "The ears of the Lord" (Num. 11,18) and more like expressions? All such terminology is in accordance with the conception of sons of man who cannot recognize aught but corporeal things, and the words of the Torah is like human speech, but they are all attributes; for example, it is said: "If I whet My glittering sword," (Deut. 32. 41.); Hath He a sword, or doth He slay with a sword? But it is a metaphor, so is all metaphorical. As testimony thereto, one prophet says that he saw the Holy One, blessed is He! "His raiment was as white snow" (Dan. 7,9), and another saw Him "With crimsoned garments from Bozrah" (Isa. 63,1); Moses our Master himself saw Him at the Red Sea "as a hero engaged in battle," (Ex. 15.3) and upon Sinai as "a garbed minister of a congregation (Ex. 19.19.), to say: He hath neither form nor image, but all is a vision of prophecy and a mirage, the absolute truth of the matter no human mind comprehends or is able to fathom it or penetrate it. It is even this what it says in Scripture: "Canst thou find out the deep things of God? Canst thou attain unto the purposes of the Almighty?" (Job. 11,7).
ולפי זאת ההשאלה הוא כל 'לשון ראיה' שבאה באלוה ית' כאמרו "ראיתי את יי" "וירא אליו יי" "וירא אלוקים כי טוב" "הראני נא את כבודך" "ויראו את אלוקי ישראל" - כל זה השגה שכלית לא ראות עין ממש בשום פנים. כי לא ישיגו העינים רק גוף ובצד וקצת מקריו גם כן - כלומר מראה הגוף ותארו וכיוצא בהם. וכן הוא ית' לא ישיג בכלי כמו שיתבאר:
In this figurative sense the verb is to be understood, when applied to God e.g., "I saw (raïti) the Lord" (1 Kings 22:19); "And the Lord appeared (va-yera) unto him (Gen. 18:1); "And God saw (va-yar) that it was good" (Gen. 1:10) "I beseech thee, show me (hareni) thy glory" (Exod. 33:18); "And they saw (va-yirü) the God of Israel" (Exod. 24:10). All these instances refer to intellectual perception, and by no means to perception with the eye as in its literal meaning: for, on the one hand, the eye can only perceive a corporeal object, and in connection with it certain accidents, as colour, shape, etc.: and, on the other hand, God does not perceive by means of a corporeal organ, as will be explained.
(ב) לְךָ֤ דֻֽמִיָּ֬ה תְהִלָּ֓ה אֱלֹ֘הִ֥ים בְּצִיּ֑וֹן וּ֝לְךָ֗ יְשֻׁלַּם־נֶֽדֶר׃
(2) Praise befits You in Zion, O God; vows are paid to You;
לך דמיה תהלה. השתיקה תהלה לך לפי שאין קץ לשבחך והמרבה בשבח אינו אלא גורע:
Silence is praise to You Silence is praise to You; because there is no end to Your praise, the more one praises, the more one detracts.
דרש ר' יהודה איש כפר גבוריא ואמרי לה איש כפר גבור חיל מאי דכתיב (תהלים סה, ב) לך דומיה תהלה סמא דכולה משתוקא כי אתא רב דימי אמר אמרי במערבא מלה בסלע משתוקא בתרין:
The Gemara relates: Rabbi Yehuda, a man of Kefar Gibboraya, and some say he was a man of Kefar Gibbor Ĥayil, taught: What is the meaning of that which is written: “For You silence is praise” (Psalms 65:2)? The best remedy of all is silence, i.e., the optimum form of praising God is silence. The Gemara relates: When Rav Dimi came from Eretz Israel to Babylonia, he said: In the West, Eretz Yisrael, they say an adage: If a word is worth one sela, silence is worth two.

(א) אַנְעִים זְמִירוֹת וְשִׁירִים אֶאֱרוֹג, כִּי אֵלֶֽיךָ נַפְשִׁי תַעֲרוֹג.

(ב) נַפְשִׁי חָמְדָה בְּצֵל יָדֶֽךָ, לָדַֽעַת כָּל רָז סוֹדֶֽךָ.

(ג) מִדֵּי דַבְּרִי בִּכְבוֹדֶֽךָ, הוֹמֶה לִבִּי אֶל דּוֹדֶֽיךָ.

(ד) עַל כֵּן אֲדַבֵּר בְּךָ נִכְבָּדוֹת, וְשִׁמְךָ אֲכַבֵּד בְּשִׁירֵי יְדִידוֹת.

(ה) אֲסַפְּרָה כְבוֹדְךָ וְלֹא רְאִיתִֽיךָ, אֲדַמְּךָ אֲכַנְּךָ וְלֹא יְדַעְתִּֽיךָ.

(ו) בְּיַד נְבִיאֶֽיךָ בְּסוֹד עֲבָדֶֽיךָ, דִּמִּֽיתָ הֲדַר כְבוֹד הוֹדֶֽךָ.

(ז) גְּדֻלָּתְךָ וּגְבוּרָתֶֽךָ. כִּנּוּ לְתֹֽקֶף פְּעֻלָּתֶֽךָ.

(ח) דִּמּוּ אוֹתְךָ וְלֹא כְפִי יֶשְׁךָ, וַיְשַׁוּֽוּךָ לְפִי מַעֲשֶֽׂיךָ.

(ט) הִמְשִׁילֽוּךָ בְּרוֹב חֶזְיוֹנוֹת, הִנְּךָ אֶחָד בְּכָל דִּמְיוֹנוֹת.

(י) וַיֶּחֱזוּ בְךָ זִקְנָה וּבַחֲרוּת, וּשְׂעַר רֹאשְׁךָ בְּשֵׂיבָה וְשַׁחֲרוּת.

(יא) זִקְנָה בְּיוֹם דִּין וּבַחֲרוּת בְּיוֹם קְרָב, כְּאִישׁ מִלְחָמוֹת יָדָיו לוֹ רָב.

(יב) חָבַשׁ כּֽוֹבַע יְשׁוּעָה בְּרֹאשוֹ, הוֹשִֽׁיעָה לּוֹ יְמִינוֹ וּזְרֽוֹעַ קָדְשׁוֹ.

(יג) טַלְלֵי אוֹרוֹת רֹאשוֹ נִמְלָא, קְוֻצּוֹתָיו רְסִֽיסֵי לָֽיְלָה.

(יד) יִתְפָּאֵר בִּי כִּי חָפֵץ בִּי, וְהוּא יִהְיֶה לִי לַעֲטֶֽרֶת צְבִי.

(טו) כֶּֽתֶם טָהוֹר פָּז דְּמוּת רֹאשוֹ, וְחַק עַל מֵֽצַח כְּבוֹד שֵׁם קָדְשׁוֹ.

(טז) לְחֵן וּלְכָבוֹד צְבִי תִפְאָרָה, אֻמָּתוֹ לוֹ עִטְּרָה עֲטָרָה.

(יז) מַחְלְפוֹת רֹאשוֹ כְּבִימֵי בְחֻרוֹת, קְוֻצּוֹתָיו תַּלְתַּלִּים שְׁחוֹרוֹת.

(יח) נְוֵה הַצֶּֽדֶק צְבִי תִפְאַרְתּוֹ, יַעֲלֶה נָּא עַל רֹאש שִׂמְחָתוֹ.

(יט) סְגֻלָּתוֹ תְּהִי נָא בְיָדוֹ עֲטֶֽרֶת. וּצְנִיף מְלוּכָה צְבִי תִפְאֶֽרֶת.

(כ) עֲמוּסִים נְשָׂאָם עֲטֶֽרֶת עִנְּדָם, מֵאֲשֶׁר יָקְרוּ בְעֵינָיו כִּבְּדָם.

(כא) פְּאֵרוֹ עָלַי וּפְאֵרִי עָלָיו, וְקָרוֹב אֵלַי בְּקָרְאִי אֵלָיו.

(כב) צַח וְאָדוֹם לִלְבוּשׁוֹ אָדוֹם, פּוּרָה בְּדָרְכוֹ בְּבוֹאוֹ מֵאֱדוֹם.

(כג) קֶֽשֶׁר תְּפִלִּין הֶרְאָה לֶעָנָו, תְּמוּנַת יְיָ לְנֶֽגֶד עֵינָיו.

(כד) רוֹצֶה בְעַמּוֹ עֲנָוִים יְפָאֵר, יוֹשֵׁב תְּהִלּוֹת בָּם לְהִתְפָּאֵר.

(כה) רֹאשׁ דְּבָרְךָ אֱמֶת קוֹרֵא מֵרֹאשׁ, דּוֹר וָדוֹר עַם דּוֹרֶשְׁךָ דְּרוֹשׁ.

(כו) שִׁית הֲמוֹן שִׁירַי נָא עָלֶֽיךָ, וְרִנָּתִי תִּקְרַב אֵלֶֽיךָ.

(כז) תְּהִלָּתִי תְּהִי לְרֹאשׁךָ עֲטֶֽרֶת, וּתְפִלָּתִי תִּכּוֹן קְטֹֽרֶת.

(כח) תִּיקַר שִׁירַת רָשׁ בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ, כַּשִּׁיר יוּשַׁר עַל קָרְבָּנֶֽיךָ.

(כט) בִּרְכָתִי תַעֲלֶה לְרֹאשׁ מַשְבִּיר, מְחוֹלֵל וּמוֹלִיד צַדִּיק כַּבִּיר.

(ל) וּבְבִרְכָתִי תְנַעֲנַע לִי רֹאשׁ, וְאוֹתָהּ קַח לְךָ כִּבְשָׂמִים רֹאשׁ.

(לא) יֶעֱרַב נָא שִׂיחִי עָלֶֽיךָ. כִּי נַפְשִׁי תַעֲרוֹג אֵלֶֽיךָ.

(לב) לְךָ יְיָ הַגְּדֻלָּה וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְהַתִּפְאֶֽרֶת וְהַנֵּֽצַח וְהַהוֹד, כִּי כֹל בַּשָּׁמַֽיִם וּבָאָֽרֶץ, לְךָ יְיָ הַמַּמְלָכָה, וְהַמִּתְנַשֵּׂא לְכֹל לְרֹאשׁ. מִי יְמַלֵּל גְּבוּרוֹת יְיָ, יַשְׁמִֽיעַ כָּל תְּהִלָּתוֹ.

(1) I shall make pleasant songs, and weave verses; Because for You my soul longs.

(2) My soul desires to be in Your hand’s shade; To know all of Your deepest mysteries.

(3) When I speak of Your glory; My heart yearns for Your love.

(4) Therefore I will speak reverently of You; And Your name I will honor in songs of love.

(5) I will recount Your glory, though I have not seen You; I describe You though I have not known You.

(6) In Your prophet's writings, in Your servants' speech; You depicted the beauty of Your glorious splendor.

(7) Your greatness and might; They portrayed in accordance with Your actions.

(8) They depicted you, though You are not as they depicted; They characterized you according to Your doings.

(9) They allegorized you in many visions; Behold, You are one in all depictions.

(10) They saw in You old age and youth; They represented Your hair as both whitened and black.

(11) Old age on the day of judgment, youth on the day of battle; Like a man of war who has many talents.

(12) Like one who wears the helmet of redemption on His head; His right arm and holy left arm bring redemption.

(13) His head is full of the dew of light; His locks with the drops of the night.

(14) He beautifies Himself through me, because He desires me; And He shall be for me a crown of beauty.

(15) His head is like pure gold; On His forehead is inscribed His honored holy name.

(16) For grace, honor, and splendid beauty; His people have made themselves His crown.

(17) The locks of his head are as in youth; His locks are black curls.

(18) The place of justice, His splendid beauty; May He elevate it above his greatest joy.

(19) May His chosen people be a crown of beauty in His hand; may the gloriously beautiful people be a royal diadem.

(20) He carried them like a load, He wore them as a crown; He honored them beyond the worth He saw in them.

(21) His splendor is on me, and my splendor is on Him; He is close to me when I call to him.

(22) White and red, His garments are red; He trod the winepress when He came from Edom.

(23) He showed His tefillin-knot to the humble one; the picture of God was before his eyes.

(24) He desires His people, He glorifies the humble ones; He who sits glorified by their praises.

(26) Take my many songs to Yourself; And may my hymn come be close to You.

(27) May my praise be a crown to Your head; May my prayer be set before You like incense.

(28) May this pauper's song be as valued in Your eyes; As the song sung over Your sacrifices.

(29) May my blessing go up to the Provider; the Creator, the Begetter, Just and Mighty.

(30) May You nod your head to my blessing; May You accept it like the finest spices.

(31) May my contemplation be sweet to You, For my soul yearns for You.

(32) Yours, Lord, is the greatness and the power and the splendor and the triumph and the majesty, for all that is in the heavens and on land is Yours. Your, Lord, is the sovereignty and the rule over every king. Who can recount the heroic acts of the Lord, who can do justice to all His praise?

Moshe Halbertal, "Of Pictures and Words: Visual and Verbal Representation of God

But why is a visual representation of God inappropriate even though a verbal representation is appropriate? A picture is meant to capture the entire essence of what is being represented; it strives to create a full representation, leaving no gaps. Not so language: a verbal description is only partial, and the open spaces it leaves make language an appropriate medium for representing God…How, then, is it possible to create a representation that makes the sublime God present to worshipers without desecrating, fixing, or replacing God? Only through language. Implicit within the distinction between word and picture is the possibility of confronting the complexity of representing the sublime.

Barnett Newman, Onement, 1948

Mark Rothko, No. 8, 1952

Brent Spodek, "I (Don't) Believe in God, Times of Israel, July 13, 2016

Divinity is an abstract noun, almost a verb, like love or electricity. The idea of God, the character of “Mr. God” is a representation of something much larger and elusive. We know this from the prohibitions on idolatry; it’s not that we shouldn’t represent the Divine — it’s that we can’t represent the Divine. If you can see it in a picture, it’s not the Divine.

Think of contemporary art — it’s not powerful because it capture reality more accurately than a photograph; it’s powerful because it indicates things which cannot be apprehended directly.

Marc-Alain Ouaknin, Mysteries of the Alphabet

The history of meaning is the history of forgetting the image, the history of a suppression of the visible. No doubt there are good reasons for this. In his book Moses and Monotheism Freud claimed that "the prohibition on making an image of God-the compulsion to worship a God whom one cannot see ... meant that a sensory perception was given second place to what may be called an abstract idea-a triumph of intellectuality over sensuality."

Through this extrapictorial image, "The new realm of intellectuality was opened up, in which ideas, memories and inferences became decisive in contrast to the lower psychical activity which had direct perceptions by the sense-organs as its content. This was unquestionably one of the most important stages on the path to hominization."

For Freud, a departure from the visibility of the divine represented the dematerialization and deterritorialization of the sacred, the transition from the sacred-pagan to the holy. This movement eventually resulted in a transition from the stone-built place of worship (the Temple) to worship through the book, a transition from the cult to the cultural. The prohibition on graven images also applied to writing and the letters. The fact that images could not be depicted may well have been the mechanism that caused the alphabet to change so radically from its pictographic form to the abstractions of the alphabetic form. It is not going too far to consider, as did L. Benveniste, that "writing was born on Sinai." On the basis of these considerations, it would appear that the abstract form of the letters of the alphabet have a superior status to that of the pictorial form as we encountered it in proto-Sinaitic. However, we believe that it is important to take the trip back to the original image and that this step is required if we are to be able to link up with our most ancient and deeply buried memories. This is not a violation of the prohibition on representation, as long as we are in a dialectic mode and seeking the meaning and we do not fall into the trap of being stuck in the rut of "this means that and that alone" !