Panim el Panim Moshe and the High Priest on Yom Kippur

(ז) וַיִּיצֶר֩ ה' אֱלֹקִ֜ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וַיִּפַּ֥ח בְּאַפָּ֖יו נִשְׁמַ֣ת חַיִּ֑ים וַֽיְהִ֥י הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּֽה׃

(7) the LORD God formed man from the dust of the earth. He blew into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living being.

(ח) לְךָ֤ ׀ אָמַ֣ר לִ֭בִּי בַּקְּשׁ֣וּ פָנָ֑י אֶת־פָּנֶ֖יךָ ה' אֲבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ (ט) אַל־תַּסְתֵּ֬ר פָּנֶ֨יךָ ׀ מִמֶּנִּי֮ אַֽל־תַּט־בְּאַ֗ף עַ֫בְדֶּ֥ךָ עֶזְרָתִ֥י הָיִ֑יתָ אַֽל־תִּטְּשֵׁ֥נִי וְאַל־תַּֽ֝עַזְבֵ֗נִי אֱלֹקֵ֥י יִשְׁעִֽי׃

(8) In Your behalf my heart says: “Seek My face!” O LORD, I seek Your face. (9) Do not hide Your face from me; do not thrust aside Your servant in anger; You have ever been my help. Do not forsake me, do not abandon me, O God, my deliverer.

(לא) וַיִּקְרָ֧א יַעֲקֹ֛ב שֵׁ֥ם הַמָּק֖וֹם פְּנִיאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־רָאִ֤יתִי אֱלֹקִים֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים וַתִּנָּצֵ֖ל נַפְשִֽׁי׃

(31) So Jacob named the place Peniel, meaning, “I have seen a divine being face to face, yet my life has been preserved.”

(כב) וַיַּ֣רְא גִּדְע֔וֹן כִּֽי־מַלְאַ֥ךְ ה' ה֑וּא (ס) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גִּדְע֗וֹן אֲהָהּ֙ אדושם ה' כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֤ן רָאִ֙יתִי֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ ה' פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים׃ (כג) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֧וֹ ה' שָׁל֥וֹם לְךָ֖ אַל־תִּירָ֑א לֹ֖א תָּמֽוּת׃

(22) Then Gideon realized that it was an angel of the LORD; and Gideon said, “Alas, O Lord GOD! For I have seen an angel of the LORD face to face.” (23) But the LORD said to him, “All is well; have no fear, you shall not die.”

(א) העובר לפני התיבה בי"ט של ראש השנה כו': לא התקינו זה אלא בעת צרה לפי שהיו שומרין לאותו שהיה מתפלל שחרית שלא יתקע בשופר וכשהיו משלימין התפלה היו השומרים הולכים לדרכם ולפיכך אותו שהיה עובר לפני התיבה להתפלל תפלת מוסף היה תוקע. ואמרו ובשעת ההלל לפי שלא היו קורין הלל לא בראש השנה ולא ביום הכפורים לפי שהם ימי עבודה והכנעה ופחד ומורא מהשם ויראה ממנו ומברח ומנוס אליו ותשובה ותחנונים ובקשה כפרה וסליחה ובכל אלו הענינים אינו הגון השחוק והשמחה:

(יז) הַיּוֹם הֲרַת עוֹלָם. הַיּוֹם יַעֲמִיד בַּמִּשְׁפָּט כָּל יְצוּרֵי עוֹלָמִים. אִם כְּבָנִים. אִם כַּעֲבָדִים. אִם כְּבָנִים רַחֲמֵֽנוּ כְּרַחֵם אָב עַל בָּנִים. וְאִם כַּעֲבָדִים עֵינֵֽינוּ לְךָ תְלוּיוֹת. עַד שֶׁתְּחָנֵּֽנוּ וְתוֹצִיא כָאוֹר מִשְׁפָּטֵֽנוּ אָיּוֹם קָדוֹשׁ:

(17) On this day, the world came into being;36There is a difference of opinion in the Talmud, Maseches Rosh Hashana 10b regarding the day in which the world was created. This prayer follows the opinion of Rabbi Elazar who maintains that Hashem created the world in Tishrei. On this day, He makes stand in judgment— all the creatures of the worlds— whether as children, or as servants; if as children, have compassion on us as a father has compassion on his children! If as servants, our eyes are fixed on You until You favor us, and bring forth our judgment as the light, Revered and Holy One!

(י) וְלֹֽא־קָ֨ם נָבִ֥יא ע֛וֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כְּמֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְדָע֣וֹ ה' פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים׃

(10) Never again did there arise in Israel a prophet like Moses—whom the LORD singled out, face to face,

(יא) וְדִבֶּ֨ר ה' אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְדַבֵּ֥ר אִ֖ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֑הוּ...

(11) The LORD would speak to Moses face to face, as one man speaks to another...

(כ) וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹ֥א תוּכַ֖ל לִרְאֹ֣ת אֶת־פָּנָ֑י כִּ֛י לֹֽא־יִרְאַ֥נִי הָאָדָ֖ם וָחָֽי׃ (כא) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ה' הִנֵּ֥ה מָק֖וֹם אִתִּ֑י וְנִצַּבְתָּ֖ עַל־הַצּֽוּר׃ (כב) וְהָיָה֙ בַּעֲבֹ֣ר כְּבֹדִ֔י וְשַׂמְתִּ֖יךָ בְּנִקְרַ֣ת הַצּ֑וּר וְשַׂכֹּתִ֥י כַפִּ֛י עָלֶ֖יךָ עַד־עָבְרִֽי׃ (כג) וַהֲסִרֹתִי֙ אֶת־כַּפִּ֔י וְרָאִ֖יתָ אֶת־אֲחֹרָ֑י וּפָנַ֖י לֹ֥א יֵרָאֽוּ׃ (ס)

(20) But,” He said, “you cannot see My face, for man may not see Me and live.” (21) And the LORD said, “See, there is a place near Me. Station yourself on the rock (22) and, as My Presence passes by, I will put you in a cleft of the rock and shield you with My hand until I have passed by. (23) Then I will take My hand away and you will see My back; but My face must not be seen.”

(כט) וַיְהִ֗י בְּרֶ֤דֶת מֹשֶׁה֙ מֵהַ֣ר סִינַ֔י וּשְׁנֵ֨י לֻחֹ֤ת הָֽעֵדֻת֙ בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּרִדְתּ֖וֹ מִן־הָהָ֑ר וּמֹשֶׁ֣ה לֹֽא־יָדַ֗ע כִּ֥י קָרַ֛ן ע֥וֹר פָּנָ֖יו בְּדַבְּר֥וֹ אִתּֽוֹ׃ (ל) וַיַּ֨רְא אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְכָל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה קָרַ֖ן ע֣וֹר פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ מִגֶּ֥שֶׁת אֵלָֽיו׃ (לא) וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ אֵלָ֛יו אַהֲרֹ֥ן וְכָל־הַנְּשִׂאִ֖ים בָּעֵדָ֑ה וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ (לב) וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֥ן נִגְּשׁ֖וּ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְצַוֵּ֕ם אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר ה' אִתּ֖וֹ בְּהַ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ (לג) וַיְכַ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִדַּבֵּ֖ר אִתָּ֑ם וַיִּתֵּ֥ן עַל־פָּנָ֖יו מַסְוֶֽה׃ (לד) וּבְבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִפְנֵ֤י ה' לְדַבֵּ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ יָסִ֥יר אֶת־הַמַּסְוֶ֖ה עַד־צֵאת֑וֹ וְיָצָ֗א וְדִבֶּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְצֻוֶּֽה׃ (לה) וְרָא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה כִּ֣י קָרַ֔ן ע֖וֹר פְּנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְהֵשִׁ֨יב מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶת־הַמַּסְוֶה֙ עַל־פָּנָ֔יו עַד־בֹּא֖וֹ לְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ (ס)

(29) So Moses came down from Mount Sinai. And as Moses came down from the mountain bearing the two tablets of the Pact, Moses was not aware that the skin of his face was radiant, since he had spoken with Him. (30) Aaron and all the Israelites saw that the skin of Moses’ face was radiant; and they shrank from coming near him. (31) But Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the chieftains in the assembly returned to him, and Moses spoke to them. (32) Afterward all the Israelites came near, and he instructed them concerning all that the LORD had imparted to him on Mount Sinai. (33) And when Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face. (34) Whenever Moses went in before the LORD to speak with Him, he would leave the veil off until he came out; and when he came out and told the Israelites what he had been commanded, (35) the Israelites would see how radiant the skin of Moses’ face was. Moses would then put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with Him.
״וְדִבֶּר ה׳ אֶל מֹשֶׁה פָּנִים אֶל פָּנִים״, אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה: מֹשֶׁה, אֲנִי וְאַתָּה נַסְבִּיר פָּנִים בַּהֲלָכָה. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי כָּךְ אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֲנִי הִסְבַּרְתִּי לְךָ פָּנִים, כָּךְ אַתָּה הַסְבֵּר פָּנִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְהַחֲזֵר הָאֹהֶל לִמְקוֹמוֹ.
The Gemara continues: It is stated: “And the Lord spoke unto Moses, face to face” (Exodus 33:11). Rabbi Yitzḥak said: The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Moses: Moses, you and I will show cheerful faces in the study of halakha to those who come to study. Some say that the Holy One, Blessed be He, told Moses: Just as I showed you a cheerful face, so too you will show Israel a cheerful face and restore the tent to its place in the camp.

(יא) וְדִבֶּ֨ר ה' אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְדַבֵּ֥ר אִ֖ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְשָׁב֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וּמְשָׁ֨רְת֜וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּן־נוּן֙ נַ֔עַר לֹ֥א יָמִ֖ישׁ מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֹֽהֶל׃ (ס)

(11) The LORD would speak to Moses face to face, as one man speaks to another. And he would then return to the camp; but his attendant, Joshua son of Nun, a youth, would not stir out of the Tent.

(יח) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ה' אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה קַח־לְךָ֙ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ר֣וּחַ בּ֑וֹ וְסָמַכְתָּ֥ אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ עָלָֽיו׃ (יט) וְהַֽעֲמַדְתָּ֣ אֹת֗וֹ לִפְנֵי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָּל־הָעֵדָ֑ה וְצִוִּיתָ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ (כ) וְנָתַתָּ֥ה מֵהֽוֹדְךָ֖ עָלָ֑יו לְמַ֣עַן יִשְׁמְע֔וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

(18) And the LORD answered Moses, “Single out Joshua son of Nun, an inspired man, and lay your hand upon him. (19) Have him stand before Eleazar the priest and before the whole community, and commission him in their sight. (20) Invest him with some of your authority, so that the whole Israelite community may obey.

ונתתה מהודך עליו. זֶה קֵרוּן עוֹר פָּנִים:

מהודך. וְלֹא כָּל הוֹדְךָ, וּמָצִינוּ לְמֵדִין פְּנֵי מֹשֶׁה כַּחַמָּה פְּנֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כַּלְּבָנָה (ספרי; בבא בתרא ע"ה):

ונתתה מהודך עליו AND THOU SHALT PUT SOME OF THY GLORY UPON HIM — This refers to the shining of the skin of his countenance (see Exodus 34:29—30).

מהודך SOME OF THY GLORY, and not all thy glory; consequently we learn from this: Moses’ face beamed like the sun, Joshua's face only like the moon (Sifrei Bamidbar 140:2; Bava Batra 75a).

(ב) וַ֠יֵּרָא מַלְאַ֨ךְ ה' אֵלָ֛יו בְּלַבַּת־אֵ֖שׁ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַסְּנֶ֑ה וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַסְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְהַסְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אֻכָּֽל׃

(2) An angel of the LORD appeared to him in a blazing fire out of a bush. He gazed, and there was a bush all aflame, yet the bush was not consumed.

(ג) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אָסֻֽרָה־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה אֶת־הַמַּרְאֶ֥ה הַגָּדֹ֖ל הַזֶּ֑ה מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹא־יִבְעַ֥ר הַסְּנֶֽה׃ (ד) וַיַּ֥רְא ה' כִּ֣י סָ֣ר לִרְא֑וֹת וַיִּקְרָא֩ אֵלָ֨יו אֱלֹקִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַסְּנֶ֗ה וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ (ה) וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אַל־תִּקְרַ֣ב הֲלֹ֑ם שַׁל־נְעָלֶ֙יךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔יךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא׃ (ו) וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹקֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֱלֹקֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹקֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹקֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיַּסְתֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנָ֔יו כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א מֵהַבִּ֖יט אֶל־הָאֱלֹקִֽים׃

(3) Moses said, “I must turn aside to look at this marvelous sight; why doesn’t the bush burn up?” (4) When the LORD saw that he had turned aside to look, God called to him out of the bush: “Moses! Moses!” He answered, “Here I am.” (5) And He said, “Do not come closer. Remove your sandals from your feet, for the place on which you stand is holy ground. (6) I am,” He said, “the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” And Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God.

...רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה וְרַבִּי הוֹשְׁעְיָא, אֶחָד מֵהֶן אוֹמֵר לֹא יָפֶה עָשָׂה משֶׁה כְּשֶׁהִסְתִּיר פָּנָיו... וְרַבִּי הוֹשְׁעְיָא רַבָּה אָמַר יָפֶה עָשָׂה שֶׁהִסְתִּיר פָּנָיו...

(ב) וַ֠יֵּרָא מַלְאַ֨ךְ ה' אֵלָ֛יו בְּלַבַּת־אֵ֖שׁ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַסְּנֶ֑ה וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַסְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְהַסְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אֻכָּֽל׃

(2) An angel of the LORD appeared to him in a blazing fire out of a bush. He gazed, and there was a bush all aflame, yet the bush was not consumed.

(יא) וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וְהָהָ֞ר בֹּעֵ֤ר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עָנָ֥ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃

(11) You came forward and stood at the foot of the mountain. The mountain was ablaze with flames to the very skies, dark with densest clouds.

בְּלַבַּת אֵשׁ... כְּשֶׁיָּבוֹא לְסִינַי וְיִרְאֶה אוֹתָן אִשּׁוֹת וְלֹא יִירָא מֵהֶם...

In a flame of fire...so that when he would come to Sinai and saw the fires he should not be afraid of them...

(טז) וַיִּשְׁכֹּ֤ן כְּבוֹד־ה' עַל־הַ֣ר סִינַ֔י וַיְכַסֵּ֥הוּ הֶעָנָ֖ן שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י מִתּ֥וֹךְ הֶעָנָֽן׃ (יז) וּמַרְאֵה֙ כְּב֣וֹד ה' כְּאֵ֥שׁ אֹכֶ֖לֶת בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (יח) וַיָּבֹ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הֶעָנָ֖ן וַיַּ֣עַל אֶל־הָהָ֑ר וַיְהִ֤י מֹשֶׁה֙ בָּהָ֔ר אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָֽיְלָה׃ (פ)

(16) The Presence of the LORD abode on Mount Sinai, and the cloud hid it for six days. On the seventh day He called to Moses from the midst of the cloud. (17) Now the Presence of the LORD appeared in the sight of the Israelites as a consuming fire on the top of the mountain. (18) Moses went inside the cloud and ascended the mountain; and Moses remained on the mountain forty days and forty nights.

...וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה בְּתוֹךְ הֶעָנָן וַיַּעַל אֶל הָהָר. וְכִי קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא דְּהֲוָה בְּטוּרָא דְּסִינַי, וּכְתִּיב (שמות כ״ד:י״ז) וּמַרְאֶה כְּבוֹד ה'' כָּאֵשׁ אוֹכֶלֶת בְּרֹאשׁ הָהָר, אֵיךְ יָכִיל מֹשֶׁה לְסַלְּקָא לְגַבֵּיהּ. אֶלָּא בְּמֹשֶׁה כְּתִיב, וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה בְּתוֹךְ הֶעָנָן וַיַּעַל אֶל הָהָר. דְּעָאל גּוֹ עֲנָנָא, כְּמַאן דְּאִתְלָבַּשׁ בִּלְבוּשָׁא. הָכִי נָמֵי אִתְלָבָּשׁ בַּעֲנָנָא, וְעָאל בְּגַוֵּיהּ. וּבְעֲנָנָא אִתְקְרִיב לְגַבֵּי אֶשָּׁא, וְיָכִיל לְמִקְרָב...

...וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה בְּתוֹךְ הֶעָנָן וַיַּעַל אֶל הָהָר, (צ''ט ע''א) וְאוֹלִיפְנָא דְּהֲוָה מִתְלָבַּשׁ בַּעֲנָנָא. וְכַד הֲוָה מִתְלָבַּשׁ בַּעֲנָנָא, כְּדֵין וַיַּעַל אֶל הָהָר. וְעַד לָא אִתְלָבַּשׁ בֵּיהּ, לָא יָכִיל לְמֵיעַל לְגוֹ...

(ד) פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים דִּבֶּ֨ר ה' עִמָּכֶ֛ם בָּהָ֖ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃
(4) Face to face the LORD spoke to you on the mountain out of the fire—
(א) וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִי֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר וְנִבְּא֖וּ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ חֲלֹמ֣וֹת יַחֲלֹמ֔וּן בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם חֶזְיֹנ֖וֹת יִרְאֽוּ׃ (ב) וְגַ֥ם עַל־הָֽעֲבָדִ֖ים וְעַל־הַשְּׁפָח֑וֹת בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔מָּה אֶשְׁפּ֖וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִֽי׃
(1) After that, I will pour out My spirit on all flesh; Your sons and daughters shall prophesy; Your old men shall dream dreams, And your young men shall see visions. (2) I will even pour out My spirit Upon male and female slaves in those days.

(ה) אָ֠נֹכִי עֹמֵ֨ד בֵּין־ה' וּבֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא לְהַגִּ֥יד לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר ה' כִּ֤י יְרֵאתֶם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָאֵ֔שׁ וְלֹֽא־עֲלִיתֶ֥ם בָּהָ֖ר לֵאמֹֽר׃ (ס)

(5) I stood between the LORD and you at that time to convey the LORD’s words to you, for you were afraid of the fire and did not go up the mountain—saying:

(כ) וַיְהִ֗י כְּשָׁמְעֲכֶ֤ם אֶת־הַקּוֹל֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהָהָ֖ר בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַתִּקְרְב֣וּן אֵלַ֔י כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֥י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וְזִקְנֵיכֶֽם׃ (כא) וַתֹּאמְר֗וּ הֵ֣ן הֶרְאָ֜נוּ ה' אֱלֹקֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־כְּבֹד֣וֹ וְאֶת־גָּדְל֔וֹ וְאֶת־קֹל֥וֹ שָׁמַ֖עְנוּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ רָאִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־יְדַבֵּ֧ר אֱלֹקִ֛ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם וָחָֽי׃ (כב) וְעַתָּה֙ לָ֣מָּה נָמ֔וּת כִּ֣י תֹֽאכְלֵ֔נוּ הָאֵ֥שׁ הַגְּדֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את אִם־יֹסְפִ֣ים ׀ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ לִ֠שְׁמֹעַ אֶת־ק֨וֹל ה' אֱלֹקֵ֛ינוּ ע֖וֹד וָמָֽתְנוּ׃ (כג) כִּ֣י מִ֣י כָל־בָּשָׂ֡ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע קוֹל֩ אֱלֹקִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כָּמֹ֖נוּ וַיֶּֽחִי׃

(20) When you heard the voice out of the darkness, while the mountain was ablaze with fire, you came up to me, all your tribal heads and elders, (21) and said, “The LORD our God has just shown us His majestic Presence, and we have heard His voice out of the fire; we have seen this day that man may live though God has spoken to him. (22) Let us not die, then, for this fearsome fire will consume us; if we hear the voice of the LORD our God any longer, we shall die. (23) For what mortal ever heard the voice of the living God speak out of the fire, as we did, and lived?
(א) ק֥וּמִי א֖וֹרִי כִּ֣י בָ֣א אוֹרֵ֑ךְ וּכְב֥וֹד ה' עָלַ֥יִךְ זָרָֽח׃ (ב) כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה הַחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ יְכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֑ים וְעָלַ֙יִךְ֙ יִזְרַ֣ח ה' וּכְבוֹד֖וֹ עָלַ֥יִךְ יֵרָאֶֽה׃ (ג) וְהָלְכ֥וּ גוֹיִ֖ם לְאוֹרֵ֑ךְ וּמְלָכִ֖ים לְנֹ֥גַהּ זַרְחֵֽךְ׃
(1) Arise, shine, for your light has dawned; The Presence of the LORD has shone upon you! (2) Behold! Darkness shall cover the earth, And thick clouds the peoples; But upon you the LORD will shine, And His Presence be seen over you. (3) And nations shall walk by your light, Kings, by your shining radiance.

(טז) וַיִּשְׁכֹּ֤ן כְּבוֹד־ה' עַל־הַ֣ר סִינַ֔י וַיְכַסֵּ֥הוּ הֶעָנָ֖ן שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י מִתּ֥וֹךְ הֶעָנָֽן׃ (יז) וּמַרְאֵה֙ כְּב֣וֹד ה' כְּאֵ֥שׁ אֹכֶ֖לֶת בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (יח) וַיָּבֹ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הֶעָנָ֖ן וַיַּ֣עַל אֶל־הָהָ֑ר וַיְהִ֤י מֹשֶׁה֙ בָּהָ֔ר אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָֽיְלָה׃ (פ)

(16) The Presence of the LORD abode on Mount Sinai, and the cloud hid it for six days. On the seventh day He called to Moses from the midst of the cloud. (17) Now the Presence of the LORD appeared in the sight of the Israelites as a consuming fire on the top of the mountain. (18) Moses went inside the cloud and ascended the mountain; and Moses remained on the mountain forty days and forty nights.

(לד) וַיְכַ֥ס הֶעָנָ֖ן אֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וּכְב֣וֹד ה' מָלֵ֖א אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ (לה) וְלֹא־יָכֹ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֗ה לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד כִּֽי־שָׁכַ֥ן עָלָ֖יו הֶעָנָ֑ן וּכְב֣וֹד ה' מָלֵ֖א אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ (לו) וּבְהֵעָל֤וֹת הֶֽעָנָן֙ מֵעַ֣ל הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן יִסְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּכֹ֖ל מַסְעֵיהֶֽם׃ (לז) וְאִם־לֹ֥א יֵעָלֶ֖ה הֶעָנָ֑ן וְלֹ֣א יִסְע֔וּ עַד־י֖וֹם הֵעָלֹתֽוֹ׃ (לח) כִּי֩ עֲנַ֨ן ה' עַֽל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְאֵ֕שׁ תִּהְיֶ֥ה לַ֖יְלָה בּ֑וֹ לְעֵינֵ֥י כָל־בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל־מַסְעֵיהֶֽם׃

(34) the cloud covered the Tent of Meeting, and the Presence of the LORD filled the Tabernacle. (35) Moses could not enter the Tent of Meeting, because the cloud had settled upon it and the Presence of the LORD filled the Tabernacle. (36) When the cloud lifted from the Tabernacle, the Israelites would set out, on their various journeys; (37) but if the cloud did not lift, they would not set out until such time as it did lift. (38) For over the Tabernacle a cloud of the LORD rested by day, and fire would appear in it by night, in the view of all the house of Israel throughout their journeys.

וסוד המשכן הוא, שיהיה הכבוד אשר שכן על הר סיני שוכן עליו בנסתר וכמו שנאמר שם (לעיל כד טז) וישכן כבוד ה' על הר סיני, וכתיב (דברים ה כא) הן הראנו ה' אלקינו את כבודו ואת גדלו, כן כתוב במשכן וכבוד ה, מלא את המשכן (להלן מ לד). והזכיר במשכן שני פעמים וכבוד ה' מלא את המשכן, כנגד ''את כבודו ואת גדלו,; והיה במשכן תמיד עם ישראל הכבוד שנראה להם בהר סיני.

And the secret of the tabernacle is that the glory of God that dwelt on Mount Sinai, [also] hiddenly dwells upon it. And it is like it is written there (Exodus 24:16), "And the glory of the Lord dwells upon Mount Sinai," and it is written (Deuteronomy 5:21), "Behold, the Lord, our God, has shown us His glory and His greatness." And so [too] was it written about the tabernacle, "and the glory of the Lord, filled the tabernacle" (Exodus 40: 34)." And with the tabernacle, it twice mentioned, "and the glory of the Lord, filled the tabernacle" - corresponding to "His glory and His greatness." And the glory that was shown to them on Mount Sinai was always with Israel in the tabernacle.

(יז) שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה יֵרָאֶה֙ כָּל־זְכ֣וּרְךָ֔ אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הָאָדֹ֥ן ׀ ה'׃
(17) Three times a year all your males shall appear before the Sovereign, the LORD.

(ב) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ה' אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה דַּבֵּר֮ אֶל־אַהֲרֹ֣ן אָחִיךָ֒ וְאַל־יָבֹ֤א בְכָל־עֵת֙ אֶל־הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ מִבֵּ֖ית לַפָּרֹ֑כֶת אֶל־פְּנֵ֨י הַכַּפֹּ֜רֶת אֲשֶׁ֤ר עַל־הָאָרֹן֙ וְלֹ֣א יָמ֔וּת כִּ֚י בֶּֽעָנָ֔ן אֵרָאֶ֖ה עַל־הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃

(2) The LORD said to Moses: Tell your brother Aaron that he is not to come at will into the Shrine behind the curtain, in front of the cover that is upon the ark, lest he die; for I appear in the cloud over the cover.

(יג) וְנָתַ֧ן אֶֽת־הַקְּטֹ֛רֶת עַל־הָאֵ֖שׁ לִפְנֵ֣י ה' וְכִסָּ֣ה ׀ עֲנַ֣ן הַקְּטֹ֗רֶת אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָעֵד֖וּת וְלֹ֥א יָמֽוּת׃

(13) He shall put the incense on the fire before the LORD, so that the cloud from the incense screens the cover that is over [the Ark of] the Pact, lest he die.
ונתן את הקטרת שהרי נאמר למעלה כי בענן אראה על הכפורת וכדי שלא להסתכל בשכינה כדכתיב כי לא יראני האדם וחי, צריך להחשיך את הבית תחלה בנתינת הקטרת זהו שנאמר וכסה ענן הקטרת את הכפרת ואחר כך יביא את הדמים שם.
ונתן את הקטורת, “he will place the incense, etc.” this incense has been mentioned in verse 2 where G-d explained that he will be making an appearance above the lid of the Holy Ark, beyond the dividing curtain. At that point, Aaron, and of course, anyone of lower rank, is not to go there on pain of death unless commanded to do so by G-d. G-d had made clear that no human being while inside a body can ever have a visual image of His essence. In order to make this point quite clear the Torah writes that the cloud of the smoke from the incense will fill that area so that nothing can be seen.
הביאו לו בגדי עצמו ולבש ומלוין אותו עד ביתו ויום טוב היה עושה לאוהביו בשעה שיצא בשלום מן הקודש
They then brought him his own clothing and he dressed, since the service was complete and Yom Kippur was over; and the people escort him to his house in deference to him. And the High Priest would make a feast for his loved ones and his friends when he emerged in peace from the Sanctuary.

(כא) אֱמֶת מַה נֶּהְדָּר הָיָה כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּצֵאתוֹ מִבֵּית קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים בְּשָׁלוֹם בְּלִי פֶגַע:

(כב) כְּאֹהֶל הַנִּמְתַּח בְּדָרֵי מַעְלָה. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(כג) כִּבְרָקִים הַיּוֹצְאִים מִזִּיו הַחַיּוֹת. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(כד) כְּגֹדֶל גְּדִילִים בְּאַרְבַּע קְצָווֹת. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(כה) כִּדְמוּת הַקֶּשֶׁת בְּתוֹךְ הֶעָנָן. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(כו) כְּהוֹד אֲשֶׁר הִלְבִּישׁ צוּר לִיצוּרִים. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(כז) כְּוֶרֶד הַנָּתוּן בְּתוֹךְ גִּנַּת חֶמֶד. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(כח) כְּזֵר הַנָּתוּן עַל מֵצַח מֶלֶךְ. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(כט) כְּחֶסֶד הַנִּתַּן עַל פְּנֵי חָתָן. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(ל) כְּטֹהַר הַנָּתוּן בְּצָנִיף טָהוֹר. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(לא) כְּיוֹשֵׁב בְּסֵתֶר לְחַלּוֹת פְּנֵי מֶלֶךְ. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(לב) כְּכוֹכָב הַנֹּגַהּ בִּגְבוּל מִזְרָח. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(לג) כִּלְבוּשׁ מְעִיל וּכְשִׁרְיוֹן צְדָקָה. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(לד) כְּמַלְאָךְ הַנִּצָּב עַל רֹאשׁ דֶּרֶךְ. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(לה) כְּנֵר הַמֵּצִיץ מִבֵּין הַחַלּוֹנוֹת. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(לו) כְּשָׂרֵי צְבָאוֹת בְּרֹאשׁ עַם קֹדֶשׁ. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(לז) כְּעוֹז אֲשֶׁר הִלְבִּישׁ טָהוֹר לַמִּטַּהֵר מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(לח) כְּפַעֲמוֹנֵי זָהָב בְּשׁוּלֵי הַמְּעִיל. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן: כְּצוּרַת הַבַּיִת

(לט) וּפָרֹכֶת הָעֵדוּת. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(מ) כִּקְהִלָּה מְכֻסָּה תְּכֵלֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(מא) כְּרוֹאֶה זְרִיחַת שֶׁמֶשׁ עַל הָאָרֶץ. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(מב) כְּשׁוֹשַׁנַּת גַּן בֵּין הַחוֹחִים. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(מג) כְּתַבְנִית כְּסִיל עָשׁ וְכִימָה מִתֵּימָן. מַרְאֵה כֹהֵן:

(מד) כָּל אֵֽלֶּה בִּהְיוֹת הַהֵיכָל עַל יְסוֹדוֹתָיו. וּמִקְדַּשׁ הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ עַל מְכוֹנוֹתָיו. וְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל עוֹמֵד וּמְשָׁרֵת. דּוֹרוֹ רָאוּ וְשָׂמָֽחוּ: אַשְׁרֵי עַֽיִן רָאֲתָה כָל אֵֽלֶּה. הֲלֹא לְמִשְׁמַע אֹֽזֶן דָּאֲבָה נַפְשֵֽׁנוּ:

(21) How truly glorious was the High Priest as he left the Holy of Holies, peacefully, unharmed.

(22) As the canopy of the heavens stretched out on high, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(23) As the glitter of light emanating from the brilliance of the Chayos, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(24) As the beautiful [blue] thread in the fringes of the four corners of a garment,157This refers to the color of תְּכֵלֶת which is to be part of the צִיצִית fringes, worn at each corner of a four-cornered garment. According to the Talmud, Menachos 43b, the color of techailes resembles the color of the sea, which in turn resembles the color of the sky, which in turn resembles the color of Hashem’s heavenly throne. was the appearance of the High Priest.

(25) As the rainbow in the clouds, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(26) As the garment of majestic splendor with which the Creator attired His creatures,158This refers to the כָּתְנוֹת עוֹר, the garment of skin, with which Hashem clothed Adam and Chavoh, after they sinned and realized their nakedness. See Bereishis 3:21. was the appearance of the High Priest.

(27) As a rose planted in a beautiful garden, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(28) As a crown set upon a king's forehead, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(29) As the grace reflected in the face of a groom, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(30) As the purity of the pure mitre,159The mitre was one of the priestly garments. was the appearance of the High Priest.

(31) As he [Moshe] who was concealed,160When the Jews sinned with the golden-calf, Moshe was on the mountain, concealed by Hashem’s Divine Presence, and from there he pleaded to Hashem to forgive them. pleading before God, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(32) As the bright star shining in the east,161This might refer to the morning star. was the appearance of the High Priest.

(33) As one enwrapped in a cloak and breastplate of righteousness,162See Yeshaya 61:10. was the appearance of the High Priest.

(34) As the angel that stood at the head of the path,163This refers to the angel which appeared to Bilaam. (See Bamidbar 22:22.) was the appearance of the High Priest.

(35) As the candle that shines in the windows,164See Shir Hashirim 2:8 was the appearance of the High Priest.

(36) As the officers as the head of the [army of] holy people,165See Devorim 20:9 was the appearance of the High Priest.

(37) As the [garments of spiritual] might166This refers to the priestly garments with which Moshe dressed Aharon. (See Vayikra 9:6.) with which the pure one [Moshe] dressed him, [Aharon] who purified others, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(38) As the [brilliance of the] golden bells along the bottom of the [priestly] cloak, was the appearance of the High Priest. As the beautifully decorated Temple,

(39) and the colorful curtain,167This was the curtain in front of the Holy of Holies. was the appearance of the High Priest.

(40) As a chamber hung with tapestries of blue and purple, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(41) As the sight of the rising sun on the earth, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(42) As a rose garden between the thorns, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(43) As the likeness of Arcturus, Orion and Pleiades,168These are names of heavenly constellations. (See Job 9:9.) from the [heavenly chambers] of the south, was the appearance of the High Priest.

(44) All this took place when the Temple was on its foundation, and the Holy Sanctuary was on its site, and the High Priest stood and served. His generation saw and rejoiced. Fortunate is the eye that saw all of this. For to mention it makes our souls grieve.

(כד) יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ ה' וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ׃ (ס) (כה) יָאֵ֨ר ה' ׀ פָּנָ֛יו אֵלֶ֖יךָ וִֽיחֻנֶּֽךָּ׃ (ס) (כו) יִשָּׂ֨א ה' ׀ פָּנָיו֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְיָשֵׂ֥ם לְךָ֖ שָׁלֽוֹם׃ (ס)

(24) The LORD bless you and protect you! (25) The LORD deal kindly and graciously with you! (26) The LORD bestow His favor upon you and grant you peace!

...אֶלָּא כָּל הָעָם מִתְכַּוְּנִין לִשְׁמֹעַ הַבְּרָכָה וּמְכַוְּנִים פְּנֵיהֶם כְּנֶגֶד פְּנֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים וְאֵינָם מַבִּיטִים בִּפְנֵיהֶם:

.. All the people should concentrate their minds, so as to hear the Benediction and turn their faces towards the faces of the priests, but they do not look at them.

אֵין בִּרְכַּת כֹּהֲנִים נֶאֱמֶרֶת בְּכָל מָקוֹם אֶלָּא בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ו כג) ״כֹּה תְבָרַכוּ אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״. כָּךְ לָמְדוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה מִמּשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם כֹּה תְּבָרְכוּ בַּעֲמִידָה. כֹּה תְּבָרְכוּ בִּנְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם. כֹּה תְּבָרְכוּ בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ. כֹּה תְּבָרְכוּ פָּנִים כְּנֶגֶד פָּנִים. כֹּה תְּבָרְכוּ בְּקוֹל רָם. כֹּה תְּבָרְכוּ בְּשֵׁם הַמְפֹרָשׁ. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ:
The Priestly Benediction, wherever it is recited, must be recited only in Hebrew, as it is said, "Thus shall ye bless the Children of Israel." A tradition dating back to Moses is the authority for the following exposition: "Thus shall ye bless", that means, standing. "Thus shall ye bless", that means, with hands raised. "Thus shall ye bless", that means, in the Holy Tongue. "Thus shall ye bless" that means, face to face with the congregation. "Thus shall ye bless", that means uttering the Proper Name of God. This however is uttered thus, only when the Benediction is pronounced in the Temple, as already stated.

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