Ploni Almoni: to be Anonymous within a Community
(א) וּבֹ֨עַז עָלָ֣ה הַשַּׁעַר֮ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁם֒ וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַגֹּאֵ֤ל עֹבֵר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר־בֹּ֔עַז וַיֹּ֛אמֶר ס֥וּרָה שְׁבָה־פֹּ֖ה פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י וַיָּ֖סַר וַיֵּשֵֽׁב׃
(1) Meanwhile, Boaz had gone to the gate and sat down there. And now the redeemer whom Boaz had mentioned passed by. He called, “Come over and sit down here, So-and-so!” And he came over and sat down.
(ו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַגֹּאֵ֗ל לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לגאול־[לִגְאָל־] לִ֔י פֶּן־אַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־נַחֲלָתִ֑י גְּאַל־לְךָ֤ אַתָּה֙ אֶת־גְּאֻלָּתִ֔י כִּ֥י לֹא־אוּכַ֖ל לִגְאֹֽל׃

(6) The redeemer replied, “Then I cannot redeem it for myself, lest I impair my own estate. You take over my right of redemption, for I am unable to exercise it.”

(א) פְּלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי. וְלֹא נִכְתַּב שְׁמוֹ לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא אָבָה לִגְאֹל:

(1) So-and-so. But his name was not written because he did not wish to redeem.1

רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר פְּלוֹנִי אַלְמוֹנִי שְׁמוֹ, רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן אָמַר אִלֵּם הָיָה מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, אָמַר הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לֹא מֵתוּ אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי שֶׁנָּטְלוּ אוֹתָן, וַאֲנִי הוֹלֵךְ לִטְלָהּ, חָס לִי לִטְלָהּ, לֵית אֲנָא מְעַרְבֵּב זַרְעֲיָיתִי, אֵינִי מְעָרֵב פְּסֹלֶת בְּבָנַי, וְלֹא הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁכְּבָר נִתְחַדְּשָׁה הֲלָכָה עַמּוֹנִי וְלֹא עַמּוֹנִית מוֹאָבִי וְלֹא מוֹאָבִית.

Rabbi Joshua said: his name was Ploni Almoni ("so and so")". Rabbi Samuel the son of Nachman said that he was ignorant of the words of the Torah. He said: "the first ones did not die but rather because they took her and I am going to go and take her? I certainly am not going to take her. I will not pollute my seed and I am not going to create unfitness for my children". And he did not know that the halakhah had been changed "Ammonite and not Ammonitess; Moabite and not Moabitess".

(ג) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לַאֲחִימֶ֣לֶךְ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן הַמֶּלֶךְ֮ צִוַּ֣נִי דָבָר֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י אִ֣ישׁ אַל־יֵ֧דַע מְא֛וּמָה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אָנֹכִ֥י שֹׁלֵֽחֲךָ֖ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֑ךָ וְאֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֣ים יוֹדַ֔עְתִּי אֶל־מְק֥וֹם פְּלֹנִ֖י אַלְמוֹנִֽי׃

(3) David answered the priest Ahimelech, “The king has ordered me on a mission, and he said to me, ‘No one must know anything about the mission on which I am sending you and for which I have given you orders.’ So I have directed [my] young men to such and such a place.

(ג) פלוני אלמוני. 'אלמון' מאין שם, שאיני חפץ להזכיר, כי דבר סתר הוא: (ד) פלוני. כמו (דברים יז ח): 'כי יפלא', יתכסה:

(3) Certain secret. [אַלְמֹנִי is derived from] 'אַלְמוֹן' [=widower], bereft of a name; for I do not want to mention it, because it is a secret matter. (4) Hidden. Similar to כִּי יִפָּלֵא [=will be concealed/in context meaning too baffling or woundrous],2. will be hidden.

(ח) וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם הָיָ֥ה נִלְחָ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּוָּעַץ֙ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֗ר אֶל־מְק֛וֹם פְּלֹנִ֥י אַלְמֹנִ֖י תַּחֲנֹתִֽי׃
(8) While the king of Aram was waging war against Israel, he took counsel with his officers and said, “I will encamp in such and such a place.”
(א) פְּלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי. כָּסֵי וְטָמִיר, פְּלוֹנִי, לְשׁוֹן: כִּי יִפָּלֵא 'יִתְכַּסֵּי'. (ב) אַלְמוֹנִי. מִבְּלִי שֵׁם, שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה רוֹצֶה לְהִתְגַּלּוֹת.

(1) Concealed, secret. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “covered and hidden.” “פלוני” is an expression of, “If it be concealed [=יפלא],”4Devarim 17:8. it will be covered.5. (2) Secret. Without a name, for he did not want it to be revealed.

(א) מוֹדַע. קָרוֹב. בֶּן אָחִיו שֶׁל אֱלִימֶלֶךְ הָיָה. אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה, אֱלִימֶלֶךְ וְשַׂלְמוֹן אֲבִי בֹעַז וּפְלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי הַגּוֹאֵל וַאֲבִי נָעֳמִי כֻּלָּם בְּנֵי נַחְשׁוֹן בֶּן עַמִּינָדָב הָיוּ, וְלֹא הוֹעִילָה לָהֶם זְכוּת אֲבוֹתָם בְּצֵאתָם מֵאֶרֶץ לְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ:

(1) A kinsman. A relative; he (Boaz) was the son of Elimelech’s brother. Our Rabbis of blessed memory said, “Elimelech, and Salmone1. the father of Bo’az, and the anonymous kinsman,2. and the father of Naomi,3. were all sons of Nachshon,4 . the son of Aminadav.5. Yet the merit of their fathers was no avail them when they left the Land [of Yisroel] to go abroad.”

(יד) וַיִּסַּ֞ע דֶּ֣גֶל מַחֲנֵ֧ה בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֛ה בָּרִאשֹׁנָ֖ה לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְעַל־צְבָא֔וֹ נַחְשׁ֖וֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָֽב׃

(14) the first standard to set out, troop by troop, was the division of Judah. In command of its troops was Nahshon son of Amminadab

שהיו נוטלין עצה אלו ואלו קפץ נחשון בן עמינדב ושבטו אחריו לתוך גלי הים לפיכך זכה למלכות שנ' בצאת ישראל ממצרים בית יעקב מעם לועז היתה יהודה לקדשו (תהלים קיד) לכך ישראל ממשלותיו אמר להם הקב"ה מי שקדש שמי על הים יבא וימשול על ישראל

(Because they tarried in deliberation, Nachshon the son of Aminadav and his tribe after him leapt into the waves of the sea — wherefore he merited kingship. As it is written (Psalms 114:1) "When Israel went out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from the people of a foreign tongue, Judah was His holy one, Israel, His ruler," the Holy One Blessed be He hereby saying: "Let him who sanctified My name at the sea come and rule Israel."