Rashi on Adam and Eve
(כו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים נַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֛ם בְּצַלְמֵ֖נוּ כִּדְמוּתֵ֑נוּ וְיִרְדּוּ֩ בִדְגַ֨ת הַיָּ֜ם וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה֙ וּבְכָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבְכָל־הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָֽרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
(26) And God said: ‘Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.’

(א) נעשה אדם. ענותנותו של הקדוש ברוך הוא למדנו מכאן, לפי שהאדם בדמות המלאכים ויתקנאו בו לפיכך נמלך בהם, וכשהוא דן את המלכים הוא נמלך בפמליא שלו, שכן מצינו באחאב שאמר לו מיכה (מלכים א' כב יט) ראיתי את ה' ישב על כסאו וכל צבא השמים עמד עליו מימינו ומשמאלו, וכי יש ימין ושמאל לפניו, אלא אלו מימינים לזכות ואלו משמאילין לחובה וכן (דניאל ד יד) בגזרת עירין פתגמא ומאמר קדישין שאלתא, אף כאן בפמליא שלו נמלך ונטל רשות, אמר להם יש בעליונים כדמותי, אם אין בתחתונים כדמותי, הרי יש קנאה במעשה בראשית:

(1) "Let us make man:" We learn of the humility of the Holy One, blessed be He, from here. Since man was in the image of the angels and they would [hence] be jealous of him, therefore He took counsel with them. And when He judges kings, He consults with His retinue [of angels]; since thus we find with Achav, who was told by Micha (I Kings 22:19), "I have seen the Lord sitting on His throne, and the entire host of the heavens was standing over Him, on His right and on His left." And is there right and left in [His presence]? Rather [the intention is that], these were going to the right to find merit and those were going to the left to find guilt. And so [too] (Daniel 4:14), "The decree is in the word of the wakeful ones and in the statement of the holy ones is the proposition." Also here did He consult with His retinue and get their agreement: He said to them, "there are in the higher ones like my likeness, if there are not in the lower ones like my likeness, behold, there will be jealousy within the work of creation."

(ב) נעשה אדם. אף על פי שלא סייעוהו ביצירתו ויש מקום למינים לרדות, לא נמנע הכתוב מללמד דרך ארץ ומדת ענוה שיהא הגדול נמלך ונוטל רשות מן הקטן ואם כתב אעשה אדם לא למדנו שיהא מדבר עם בית דינו אלא עם עצמו, ותשובת המינים כתב בצדו ויברא אלהים את האדם, ולא כתב ויבראו:

(2) "Let us make man:" Even though they did not help Him in [man's] formation and there is [now] room for the heretics to rebel, the verse did not stop from teaching proper behavior and the trait of humility - that the greater should consult with and get the agreement of the lesser. And had it written, "I will make man," we would not learn that He spoke with His court, but rather [only] with Himself. And the answer to the heretics is written at its side: "And God created (yivra which is singular) man," and it did not write yivrau (plural).

(ג) בצלמנו. בדפוס שלנו:

(3) "In our image:" In our mold.

(ד) כדמותנו. להבין ולהשכיל:

(4) "According to our likeness:" To understand and to have insight.

(ה) וירדו בדגת הים. יש בלשון הזה לשון רדוי ולשון ירידה, זכה רודה בחיות ובבהמות, לא זכה נעשה ירוד לפניהם והחיה מושלת בו:

(5) "And they shall have dominion (yirdu) over the fish of the sea:" This expression contains [both] an expression of dominion (ridui) and an expression of descent (yeridah). [Hence, it is saying that] if [man] merits [it], he will have dominion over the animals and the beasts; if he does not merit [it], he will become lowly in front of them and the animals will rule over him.

(כז) וַיִּבְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אֶת־הָֽאָדָם֙ בְּצַלְמ֔וֹ בְּצֶ֥לֶם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּרָ֣א אֹת֑וֹ זָכָ֥ר וּנְקֵבָ֖ה בָּרָ֥א אֹתָֽם׃
(27) And God created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them.

(א) ויברא אלהים את האדם בצלמו. בדפוס העשוי לו, שהכל נברא במאמר והוא נברא בידים, שנאמר (תהלים קלט ה) ותשת עלי כפכה, נעשה בחותם כמטבע העשויה על ידי רושם שקורין קוי"ן בלע"ז [מטבע] וכן הוא אומר (איוב לח יד) תתהפך כחמר חותם:

(1) And God created man in His image: In the mold that was made for him - since everything was created with a proclamation, but he was created manually, as it is written, (Psalms 139:5) "and you placed your palm upon me." He was made with an imprint like a coin that is made with an impression that is called coin (coin) in [Old French]. And so it states (Job 38:14), "The seal changes like clay."

(ב) בצלם אלהים ברא אתו. פרש לך שאותו צלם המתקן לו צלם דיוקן יוצרו הוא:

(2) In the image of God, did He create him: It explains to you that this image which was prepared for him is the image of the facsimile of his Creator.

(ג) זכר ונקבה ברא אתם. ולהלן הוא אומר (בראשית ב כא) ויקח אחת מצלעתיו וגו' , מדרש אגדה שבראו שני פרצופין בבריאה ראשונה ואחר כך חלקו ופשוטו של מקרא, כאן הודיעך שנבראו שניהם בששי ולא פרש לך כיצד בריתן ופרש לך במקום אחר:

(3) Male and female, He created them: And later it states (Genesis 2:21), "And He took one of his ribs, etc." There is a midrash aggadah [that explains] that He created him with two faces at the first creation and afterwards divided him. And the simple explanation is [that] here it is telling you that both of them were created on the sixth day and it does not explain how their creation [happened], and it explains [it] to you in a different place.

(ז) וַיִּיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וַיִּפַּ֥ח בְּאַפָּ֖יו נִשְׁמַ֣ת חַיִּ֑ים וַֽיְהִ֥י הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּֽה׃
(7) Then the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.

(ב) עפר מן האדמה. צבר עפרו מכל האדמה מארבע רוחות, שכל מקום שימות שם תהא קולטתו לקבורה דבר אחר נטל עפרו ממקום שנאמר בו (שמות כ כא) מזבח אדמה תעשה לי, אמר הלואי תהיה לו כפרה ויוכל לעמוד:

(2) He gathered dust from all the land from the four directions, so that in every place he would die in, the earth would receive him for burial. Alternatively, he took his dust from the place upon which it says, "An altar of earth you shall make for Me" (Exodus 20), He said, 'If only it may serve as atonement for him, and he may be able to stand'.

(יח) וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא־ט֛וֹב הֱי֥וֹת הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְבַדּ֑וֹ אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־לּ֥וֹ עֵ֖זֶר כְּנֶגְדּֽוֹ׃
(18) And the LORD God said: ‘It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a help meet for him.’

(א) לא טוב היות וגו' . שלא יאמרו שתי רשויות הן הקדוש ברוך הוא יחיד בעליונים ואין לו זוג, וזה יחיד בתחתונים ואין לו זוג:

(1) "It is not good for man to be alone:" That they should not say that there are two powers: the Holy One, blessed be He, is unique in the upper beings and has no mate; and this one is unique in the lower beings and has no mate.

(ב) עזר כנגדו. זכה עזר, לא זכה כנגדו להלחם:

(2) "A help opposite him (kenegdo):" If he merits [it], a help. If he does not merit [it], against him (an alternative meaning of kenegdo) to fight.

(כה) וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ שְׁנֵיהֶם֙ עֲרוּמִּ֔ים הָֽאָדָ֖ם וְאִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֖א יִתְבֹּשָֽׁשׁוּ׃
(25) And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.

(א) ולא יתבוששו. שלא היו יודעים דרך צניעות להבחין בין טוב לרע, ואף על פי שנתנה בו דעה לקרות שמות, לא נתן בו יצר הרע עד אכלו מן העץ ונכנס בו יצר הרע וידע מה בין טוב לרע:

(1) "and they were not embarrassed". Because they were not aware of [the concept of] (lit. path of) modesty [which requires the ability] to distinguish between good and evil. And although he was given [enough] awareness to name all the animals, he was not given the Evil Inclination until he ate from the tree and [only then] was imbued with the Evil Inclination and became aware of the difference between good and evil.

(ו) וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָֽאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּ֣י טוֹב֩ הָעֵ֨ץ לְמַאֲכָ֜ל וְכִ֧י תַֽאֲוָה־ה֣וּא לָעֵינַ֗יִם וְנֶחְמָ֤ד הָעֵץ֙ לְהַשְׂכִּ֔יל וַתִּקַּ֥ח מִפִּרְי֖וֹ וַתֹּאכַ֑ל וַתִּתֵּ֧ן גַּם־לְאִישָׁ֛הּ עִמָּ֖הּ וַיֹּאכַֽל׃ (ז) וַתִּפָּקַ֙חְנָה֙ עֵינֵ֣י שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י עֵֽירֻמִּ֖ם הֵ֑ם וַֽיִּתְפְּרוּ֙ עֲלֵ֣ה תְאֵנָ֔ה וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם חֲגֹרֹֽת׃
(6) And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat; and she gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat. (7) And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig-leaves together, and made themselves girdles.

(א) ותפקחנה עיני שניהם. לענין החכמה דבר הכתוב ולא לענין ראיה ממש, וסוף המקרא מוכיח:

(1) And…were opened: Scripture is referring to wisdom, and not to actual vision, and the end of the verse proves this. — [from Gen. Rabbah 19:7]

(ב) וידעו כי עירמם הם. אף הסומא יודע כשהוא ערום, אלא מהו וידעו כי עירומים הם, מצוה אחת היתה בידם ונתערטלו המנה:

(2) and they knew that they were naked: Even a blind man knows when he is naked! What then is the meaning of “and they knew that they were naked” ? They had one commandment in their possession, and they became denuded of it.