Tzedakah according to Rebbe and the ravens

Some background: Rebbe aka Yehudah ha-Nasi (Yehudah the Prince)

כשמת ר' עקיבא נולד רבי.

On the day Rabbi Akiva died, Rebbe was born.

מימות משה ועד רבי לא מצינו תורה וגדולה במקום אחד!

From the days of Moses until Rebbe, we did not find holy learning and secular knowledge combined in one person!

The story: Rebbe and Rabbi Yonatan ben Amram

רבי פתח אוצרות בשני בצורת אמר: "יכנסו בעלי מקרא בעלי משנה בעלי גמרא בעלי הלכה בעלי הגדה אבל עמי הארץ אל יכנסו!" דחק רבי יונתן בן עמרם ונכנס אמר לו: "רבי פרנסני!" אמר לו: "בני קרית?" אמר לו: "לאו שנית." אמר לו: "לאו." "אם כן במה אפרנסך?" [אמר לו] "פרנסני ככלב וכעורב!" פרנסיה.

בתר דנפק יתיב רבי וקא מצטער ואמר: "אוי לי שנתתי פתי לעם הארץ!" אמר לפניו ר' שמעון בר רבי: "שמא יונתן בן עמרם תלמידך הוא שאינו רוצה ליהנות מכבוד תורה מימיו!" בדקו ואשכח אמר רבי: "יכנסו הכל."

Rebbe opened his storehouses during years of scarcity, and said: "Let all those who are masters of Torah, masters of Mishnah, masters of Gemara, masters of Halacha, or masters of Aggadah enter, but those who are unlearned (am ha-aretz) may not." Rabbi Yonathan ben Amram pushed his way in and said to Rebbe, "Master, support me!" Rebbe asked him, "My son, have you studied Torah?" "No," Rabbi Yonathan said. "Have you studied Mishnah?" "No," he responded. "How can I then support you?!" Rabbi Yonatan said, "Support me, for even a dog and a raven are given food."

He gave him food.

Later, he left, and Rebbe sat and had regrets, and he said: "Woe is me that I gave food to an am ha-aretz!" Rabbi Shimon son of Rebbe said to him: Perhaps it is your disciple, Yonatan ben Amram, who all his life refused to benefit from the honor of the Torah." They checked, and found that it had been him.

Rebbe then said, "All may enter (and receive support)."

Background: More on ravens, who can teach us about charity

(ו) וַֽיְהִ֕י מִקֵּ֖ץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֑וֹם וַיִּפְתַּ֣ח נֹ֔חַ אֶת־חַלּ֥וֹן הַתֵּבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ (ז) וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָֽעֹרֵ֑ב וַיֵּצֵ֤א יָצוֹא֙ וָשׁ֔וֹב עַד־יְבֹ֥שֶׁת הַמַּ֖יִם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָֽרֶץ׃

(6) At the end of forty days, Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made (7) and sent out the raven; it went to and fro until the waters had dried up from the earth.

(ג) לֵ֣ךְ מִזֶּ֔ה וּפָנִ֥יתָ לְּךָ֖ קֵ֑דְמָה וְנִסְתַּרְתָּ֙ בְּנַ֣חַל כְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ (ד) וְהָיָ֖ה מֵהַנַּ֣חַל תִּשְׁתֶּ֑ה וְאֶת־הָעֹרְבִ֣ים צִוִּ֔יתִי לְכַלְכֶּלְךָ֖ שָֽׁם׃ (ה) וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיַּ֖עַשׂ כִּדְבַ֣ר יקוק וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּנַ֣חַל כְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ (ו) וְהָעֹרְבִ֗ים מְבִיאִ֨ים ל֜וֹ לֶ֤חֶם וּבָשָׂר֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְלֶ֥חֶם וּבָשָׂ֖ר בָּעָ֑רֶב וּמִן־הַנַּ֖חַל יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃

(3) “[You, Elijah], leave this place; turn eastward and go into hiding by the Wadi Cherith, which is east of the Jordan. (4) You will drink from the wadi, and I have commanded the ravens to feed you there.” (5) He proceeded to do as God had bidden: he went, and he stayed by the Wadi Cherith, which is east of the Jordan. (6) The ravens brought him bread and meat every morning and every evening, and he drank from the wadi.

Another story: Rebbe Nachman of Bratzlav (1772-1810) on tzedakah

א וְאֶת הָעֹרְבִים צִוִּיתִי לְכַלְכֶּלְךָ (מלכים־א יז) – זֶה בְּחִינַת צְדָקָה. כִּי בַּתְּחִלָּה, כְּשֶׁמַּתְחִילִין לְהִתְנַדֵּב לִצְדָקָה, אֲזַי צְרִיכִין לְשַׁבֵּר אֶת הָאַכְזָרִיּוּת שֶׁלּוֹ לְהָפְכוֹ לְרַחֲמָנוּת, וְזֶהוּ עִקָּר עֲבוֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה. כִּי מִי שֶׁהוּא רַחֲמָן בְּטִבְעוֹ וְנוֹתֵן צְדָקָה מֵחֲמַת רַחֲמָנוּת שֶׁבְּטִבְעוֹ, אֵין זֶה עֲבוֹדָה, כִּי יֵשׁ גַּם כַּמָּה חַיּוֹת שֶׁהֵם רַחֲמָנִים בְּטִבְעָם, רַק עִקָּר הָעֲבוֹדָה – לְשַׁבֵּר הָאַכְזָרִיּוּת לְהָפְכוֹ לְרַחֲמָנוּת.

וְזֶה בְּחִינַת: וְאֶת הָעֹרְבִים צִוִּיתִי לְכַלְכֶּלְךָ; כִּי הָעוֹרֵב הוּא בְּטִבְעוֹ אַכְזָרִי, וְנִתְהַפֵּךְ לְרַחֲמָנוּת לְכַלְכֵּל אֶת אֵלִיָּהוּ. כְּמוֹ־כֵן צְרִיכִין בִּצְדָקָה כַּנַּ"ל. וְכָל הַנְּדִיבֵי לֵב, כָּל מִי שֶהוּא נַדְבָן, צָרִיךְ לֵילֵךְ וְלַעֲבֹר בִּתְחִלָּה דֶּרֶךְ בְּחִינָה זוֹ, בְּחִינַת: וְאֶת הָעֹרְבִים הַנַּ"ל. דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁבִּתְחִלָּה צְרִיכִים לְשַׁבֵּר הָאַכְזָרִיּוּת שֶׁלָּהֶם, מַה שֶּׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶם אַכְזָרִיּוּת בִּתְחִלָּה, לְהָפְכוֹ לְרַחֲמָנוּת, לְהִתְנַדֵּב לִצְדָקָה כַּנַּ"ל:

Likutei Moharan Part 2, 4:1-2

And I Have Commanded the Ravens to Feed You (1 Kings 17:4)—this alludes to charity. Initially, when a person begins to engage in charity, they have to to break their cruelty and turn it into compassion. This is the principle of giving charity. When someone naturally compassionate gives charity purely out of compassionate instinct, it is not an act of devotion—there are also animals that are compassionate by nature. Rather, the essential devotion is transforming cruelty into compassion.

This is the meaning of And I have commanded the ravens to feed you. The raven, cruel by nature, turned compassionate in order to feed Eliyahu. It must be the same with charity! And even those who are benevolent—all who are generous must first undergo this process of And the ravens. In other words, in order to give charity, they first have to break their heartlessness—their initial tendency to be cruel—and turn it into compassion.