Androgynous: an intersex person (having some aspects of both male and female genitalia). 149 references in the Mishna and Talmud (1st-8th centuries CE); 350 in classical midrash and Jewish law codes (2nd-16th centuries CE).
Ay'lonit: literally "little ram"; a female who has not shown physical signs of typical sexual maturity by the age of 20 (some say 18); presumed infertile; often possessing masculine characteristics. 80 references in Mishna and Talmud; 40 in classical midrash and Jewish law codes.
Ish: a man/eligible husband; one whose fertility is not in question and has shown some secondary sex characteristics by around age 13.
Ishah: a woman/eligible wife; one whose fertility is not in question and has shown some secondary sex characteristics by around age 12 and is clearly developing by age 12.5.
Saris: a male who has not shown signs of typical sexual maturity by the age of 20; a eunuch. 156 references in Mishna and Talmud; 379 in classical midrash and Jewish law codes.
- Saris Chama: congenital sterility in a male (e.g., atesticularity)
- Saris Adam: a castrated male; one made sterile intentionally or via accidental injury.
Tumtum: a person of indeterminate gender; one whose genitals are obscured or not clearly male or female. 181 references in Mishna and talmud; 335 in classical midrash and Jewish law codes.
א"ר יצחק מפני מה היו אבותינו עקורים מפני שהקב"ה מתאוה לתפלתן של צדיקים א"ר יצחק למה נמשלה תפלתן של צדיקים כעתר מה עתר זה מהפך התבואה ממקום למקום כך תפלתן של צדיקים מהפכת מדותיו של הקב"ה ממדת רגזנות למדת רחמנות אמר רבי אמי אברהם ושרה טומטמין היו שנאמר (ישעיהו נא, א) הביטו אל צור חוצבתם ואל מקבת בור נוקרתם וכתיב (ישעיהו נא, ב) הביטו אל אברהם אביכם ואל שרה תחוללכם
Rabbi Yitzḥak said: For what reason were our forefathers initially infertile? Rabbi Ami said: Abraham and Sarah were originally tumtumin, people whose sexual organs are concealed and not functional, as it is stated: “Look to the rock from where you were hewn, and to the hole of the pit from where you were dug” (Isaiah 51:1), and it is written in the next verse: “Look to Abraham your father and to Sarah who bore you” (Isaiah 51:2), which indicates that sexual organs were fashioned for them, signified by the words hewn and dug, over the course of time.
