This is a work in progress! I'm hoping to make this an ongoing collection of sources that can be helpful for guiding a person doing pastoral care/chaplaincy, or could be given to people in need. They reflect my own pastoral perspective. I intend to add my own translation at some point to preserve some nuance that I think is lost in these translations. If you have suggestions, please feel free to email me at [email protected].
(ב) בּוֹנֵ֣ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֣ם ה' נִדְחֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל יְכַנֵּֽס׃ (ג) הָ֭רֹפֵא לִשְׁב֣וּרֵי לֵ֑ב וּ֝מְחַבֵּ֗שׁ לְעַצְּבוֹתָֽם׃ (ד) מוֹנֶ֣ה מִ֭סְפָּר לַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים לְ֝כֻלָּ֗ם שֵׁמ֥וֹת יִקְרָֽא׃
(2) The LORD rebuilds Jerusalem; He gathers in the exiles of Israel. (3) He heals their broken hearts, and binds up their wounds. (4) He reckoned the number of the stars; to each He gave its name.
(א) הוֹד֣וּ לַה' כִּי־ט֑וֹב כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ (ב) יֹֽאמַר־נָ֥א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ (ג) יֹֽאמְרוּ־נָ֥א בֵֽית־אַהֲרֹ֑ן כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ (ד) יֹֽאמְרוּ־נָ֭א יִרְאֵ֣י ה' כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ (ה) מִֽן־הַ֭מֵּצַ֥ר קָרָ֣אתִי יָּ֑הּ עָנָ֖נִי בַמֶּרְחָ֣ב יָֽהּ׃ (ו) ה' לִ֭י לֹ֣א אִירָ֑א מַה־יַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה לִ֣י אָדָֽם׃ (ז) ה' לִ֭י בְּעֹזְרָ֑י וַ֝אֲנִ֗י אֶרְאֶ֥ה בְשֹׂנְאָֽי׃
(1) Praise the LORD, for He is good, His steadfast love is eternal. (2) Let Israel declare, “His steadfast love is eternal.” (3) Let the house of Aaron declare, “His steadfast love is eternal.” (4) Let those who fear the LORD declare, “His steadfast love is eternal.” (5) In distress I called on the LORD; the Lord answered me and brought me relief. (6) The LORD is on my side, I have no fear; what can man do to me? (7) With the LORD on my side as my helper, I will see the downfall of my foes.
(ג) שִׁמְע֤וּ אֵלַי֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְכָל־שְׁאֵרִ֖ית בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הַֽעֲמֻסִים֙ מִנִּי־בֶ֔טֶן הַנְּשֻׂאִ֖ים מִנִּי־רָֽחַם׃ (ד) וְעַד־זִקְנָה֙ אֲנִ֣י ה֔וּא וְעַד־שֵיבָ֖ה אֲנִ֣י אֶסְבֹּ֑ל אֲנִ֤י עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶשָּׂ֔א וַאֲנִ֥י אֶסְבֹּ֖ל וַאֲמַלֵּֽט׃ (ס)
(3) Listen to Me, O House of Jacob, All that are left of the House of Israel, Who have been carried since birth, Supported since leaving the womb: (4) Till you grow old, I will still be the same; When you turn gray, it is I who will carry; I was the Maker, and I will be the Bearer; And I will carry and rescue [you].
(ד) וְהֽוּא־הָלַ֤ךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ י֔וֹם וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיֵּ֕שֶׁב תַּ֖חַת רֹ֣תֶם אחת [אֶחָ֑ד] וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ לָמ֔וּת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ רַ֗ב עַתָּ֤ה ה' קַ֣ח נַפְשִׁ֔י כִּֽי־לֹא־ט֥וֹב אָנֹכִ֖י מֵאֲבֹתָֽי׃ (ה) וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ וַיִּישַׁ֔ן תַּ֖חַת רֹ֣תֶם אֶחָ֑ד וְהִנֵּֽה־זֶ֤ה מַלְאָךְ֙ נֹגֵ֣עַ בּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ק֥וּם אֱכֽוֹל׃ (ו) וַיַּבֵּ֕ט וְהִנֵּ֧ה מְרַאֲשֹׁתָ֛יו עֻגַ֥ת רְצָפִ֖ים וְצַפַּ֣חַת מָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֣אכַל וַיֵּ֔שְׁתְּ וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיִּשְׁכָּֽב׃ (ז) וַיָּשָׁב֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ ה' ׀ שֵׁנִית֙ וַיִּגַּע־בּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר ק֣וּם אֱכֹ֑ל כִּ֛י רַ֥ב מִמְּךָ֖ הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ (ח) וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֹּ֣אכַל וַיִּשְׁתֶּ֑ה וַיֵּ֜לֶךְ בְּכֹ֣חַ ׀ הָאֲכִילָ֣ה הַהִ֗יא אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה עַ֛ד הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹקִ֖ים חֹרֵֽב׃ (ט) וַיָּבֹא־שָׁ֥ם אֶל־הַמְּעָרָ֖ה וַיָּ֣לֶן שָׁ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֤ה דְבַר־ה' אֵלָ֔יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ מַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹ֖ה אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ (י) וַיֹּאמֶר֩ קַנֹּ֨א קִנֵּ֜אתִי לַה' ׀ אֱלֹקֵ֣י צְבָא֗וֹת כִּֽי־עָזְב֤וּ בְרִֽיתְךָ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתֶ֣יךָ הָרָ֔סוּ וְאֶת־נְבִיאֶ֖יךָ הָרְג֣וּ בֶחָ֑רֶב וָֽאִוָּתֵ֤ר אֲנִי֙ לְבַדִּ֔י וַיְבַקְשׁ֥וּ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃ (יא) וַיֹּ֗אמֶר צֵ֣א וְעָמַדְתָּ֣ בָהָר֮ לִפְנֵ֣י ה' וְהִנֵּ֧ה ה' עֹבֵ֗ר וְר֣וּחַ גְּדוֹלָ֡ה וְחָזָ֞ק מְפָרֵק֩ הָרִ֨ים וּמְשַׁבֵּ֤ר סְלָעִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י ה' לֹ֥א בָר֖וּחַ ה' וְאַחַ֤ר הָר֨וּחַ רַ֔עַשׁ לֹ֥א בָרַ֖עַשׁ ה'׃ (יב) וְאַחַ֤ר הָרַ֙עַשׁ֙ אֵ֔שׁ לֹ֥א בָאֵ֖שׁ ה' וְאַחַ֣ר הָאֵ֔שׁ ק֖וֹל דְּמָמָ֥ה דַקָּֽה׃
(4) he himself went a day’s journey into the wilderness. He came to a broom bush and sat down under it, and prayed that he might die. “Enough!” he cried. “Now, O LORD, take my life, for I am no better than my fathers.” (5) He lay down and fell asleep under a broom bush. Suddenly an angel touched him and said to him, “Arise and eat.” (6) He looked about; and there, beside his head, was a cake baked on hot stones and a jar of water! He ate and drank, and lay down again. (7) The angel of the LORD came a second time and touched him and said, “Arise and eat, or the journey will be too much for you.” (8) He arose and ate and drank; and with the strength from that meal he walked forty days and forty nights as far as the mountain of God at Horeb. (9) There he went into a cave, and there he spent the night. Then the word of the LORD came to him. He said to him, “Why are you here, Elijah?” (10) He replied, “I am moved by zeal for the LORD, the God of Hosts, for the Israelites have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and put Your prophets to the sword. I alone am left, and they are out to take my life.” (11) “Come out,” He called, “and stand on the mountain before the LORD.” And lo, the LORD passed by. There was a great and mighty wind, splitting mountains and shattering rocks by the power of the LORD; but the LORD was not in the wind. After the wind—an earthquake; but the LORD was not in the earthquake. (12) After the earthquake—fire; but the LORD was not in the fire. And after the fire—a soft murmuring sound.
Dementia Sources
To my knowledge, these were first compiled by Rabbi Dayle Friedman, and I was exposed to them by Rabbi Jason Rubenstein.
מדרבה ורב יוסף דרב יוסף סיני ורבה עוקר הרים אצטריכא להו שעתא שלחו להתם סיני ועוקר הרים איזה מהם קודם שלחו להו סיני קודם שהכל צריכין למרי חטיא אף על פי כן לא קבל עליו רב יוסף דאמרי ליה כלדאי מלכת תרתין שנין
This may be derived from an incident involving Rabba and Rav Yosef, as Rav Yosef was Sinai, extremely erudite, and Rabba was one who uproots mountains, extremely sharp. The moment arrived when they were needed; one of them was to be chosen as head of the yeshiva. They sent the following question there, to the Sages of Eretz Yisrael: Which takes precedence, Sinai or one who uproots mountains? They sent to them in response: Sinai takes precedence, for everyone needs the owner of the wheat, one who is expert in the sources. Nevertheless, Rav Yosef did not accept the appointment, as the Chaldean astrologers told him: You will preside as head of the yeshiva for two years.
אמר ליה אביי את אמרת ניהלן ואהא אמרת ניהלן דאמר רמי בר אבא אמר רב הונא לחי המושך עם דפנו של מבוי פחות מארבע אמות נידון משום לחי ומשתמש עם חודו הפנימי ארבע אמות נידון משום מבוי ואסור להשתמש בכולו
Rav Yosef said: I did not hear this halakha of Rabba bar Rav Huna from my teachers. Rav Yosef had become ill and forgotten his learning, which is why he could not recall the halakha that a side post that is visible from the outside is considered to have the legal status of a side post. His student Abaye said to him: You yourself told us this halakha, and it was with regard to this that you told it to us.
(דברים י, ב) אשר שברת ושמתם בארון תני רב יוסף מלמד שהלוחות ושברי לוחות מונחין בארון מכאן לתלמיד חכם ששכח תלמודו מחמת אונסו שאין נוהגין בו מנהג בזיון
§ Having mentioned the principle that one does not downgrade in matters of sanctity, the Gemara cites a related issue. The verse states: “At that time the Lord said to me: Hew for yourself two tablets of stone like the first…And I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke, and you shall put them in the Ark” (Deuteronomy 10:1–2). Rav Yosef teaches a baraita: This verse teaches that both the tablets of the Covenant and the pieces of the broken tablets are placed in the Ark. One should learn from here that with regard to a Torah scholar who has forgotten his Torah knowledge due to circumstances beyond his control, e.g., illness, one may not behave toward him in a degrading manner. Although the first tablets were broken it is prohibited to treat them with disrespect, due to their sanctity. A Torah scholar who forgot the Torah knowledge he once possessed is likened to these broken tablets.
Teaching as Compassion
רבי פרידא הוה ליה ההוא תלמידא דהוה תני ליה ארבע מאה זימני וגמר יומא חד בעיוה למלתא דמצוה תנא ליה ולא גמר
Having discussed the importance of reviewing one’s Torah study, the Gemara relates that Rabbi Perida had a certain student whom he would have to teach four hundred times, and only then would he learn the material, as he was incapable of understanding it otherwise. One day they requested Rabbi Perida’s presence for a mitzva matter after the lesson. Rabbi Perida taught his student four hundred times as usual, but this time the student did not successfully learn the material.
אמר ליה האידנא מאי שנא אמר ליה מדההיא שעתא דאמר ליה למר איכא מילתא דמצוה אסחאי לדעתאי וכל שעתא אמינא השתא קאי מר השתא קאי מר אמר ליה הב דעתיך ואתני ליך הדר תנא ליה ארבע מאה זימני [אחריני]
Rabbi Perida said to him: What is different now that you are unable to grasp the lesson? He said to him: From the time that they said to the Master that there is a mitzva matter for which he is needed, my mind was distracted from the lesson and every moment I said: Now the Master will get up, now the Master will get up to go and perform the mitzva and he will not complete the lesson. Rabbi Perida said to him: Pay attention this time and I will teach you, and know that I will not leave until you have fully mastered the lesson. He taught him again an additional four hundred times.
נפקא בת קלא ואמר ליה ניחא ליך דליספו לך ארבע מאה שני או דתיזכו את ודרך לעלמא דאתי אמר דניזכו אנא ודריי לעלמא דאתי אמר להן הקדוש ברוך הוא תנו לו זו וזו
Due to the merit of Rabbi Perida’s great devotion to his students, a Divine Voice emerged and said to him: Is it preferable to you that four hundred years be added to your life, or that you and the rest of your generation will merit the World-to-Come? He said: I prefer that I and my generation merit the World-to-Come. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to the angels: Give him both; he shall live a very long life and he and the rest of his generation will merit the World-to-Come.
ואמר רבי חמא ברבי חנינא מאי דכתיב (דברים יג, ה) אחרי יי אלקיכם תלכו וכי אפשר לו לאדם להלך אחר שכינה והלא כבר נאמר (דברים ד, כד) כי יי אלקיך אש אוכלה הוא אלא להלך אחר מדותיו של הקב"ה מה הוא מלביש ערומים דכתיב (בראשית ג, כא) ויעש יי אלקים לאדם ולאשתו כתנות עור וילבישם אף אתה הלבש ערומים הקב"ה ביקר חולים דכתיב (בראשית יח, א) וירא אליו יי באלוני ממרא אף אתה בקר חולים הקב"ה ניחם אבלים דכתיב (בראשית כה, יא) ויהי אחרי מות אברהם ויברך אלקים את יצחק בנו אף אתה נחם אבלים הקב"ה קבר מתים דכתיב (דברים לד, ו) ויקבר אותו בגיא אף אתה קבור מתים
And Rabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, says: What is the meaning of that which is written: “After the Lord your God shall you walk, and Him shall you fear, and His commandments shall you keep, and unto His voice shall you hearken, and Him shall you serve, and unto Him shall you cleave” (Deuteronomy 13:5)? But is it actually possible for a person to follow the Divine Presence? But hasn’t it already been stated: “For the Lord your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God” (Deuteronomy 4:24), and one cannot approach fire. He explains: Rather, the meaning is that one should follow the attributes of the Holy One, Blessed be He. He provides several examples. Just as He clothes the naked, as it is written...(Genesis 3:21), so too, should you clothe the naked. Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, visits the sick, as it is written with regard to God’s appearing to Abraham following his circumcision: “And the Lord appeared unto him by the terebinths of Mamre” (Genesis 18:1), so too, should you visit the sick. Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, consoles mourners, as it is written:...(Genesis 25:11), so too, should you console mourners. Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, buried the dead, as it is written:...(Deuteronomy 34:6), so too, should you bury the dead.
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ערוך השולחן יורה דעה הלכות ביקור חולים סימן שלה סעיף ג |
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עיקר מצות ביקור חולים הוא לעיין בצרכי החולה ולעשות לו מה שצריך כדאיתא בנדרים [מ' א] מעשה בתלמיד אחד מתלמידי ר"ע... ומה יפו החברות בכמה ערים הנקראים חברה לינה שלנים אצל החולים כל הלילה לראות מה שהם צריכים דביום ע"פ רוב משמשים לו אנשי ביתו משא"כ בלילה דאנשי ביתו עמלים מעבודת היום ונשקעים בשינה באונס על כן גדול שכרם מאד מאד של חברי לינה... |
Aruch Hashulchan, YD 335:3
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The essential part of the commandment to visit the sick is to investigate the needs of the patient and to do whatever they require, as is stated in the Talmud (Nedarim 40a): regarding the student of Rabbi Akiva who became ill [and and none of the sages went to visit him until, finally, Rabbi Akiva went to visit him? Because they cleaned up and sprinkled the floor (to reduce dust) in front of him, the student became better]… And how beautiful it is that in many cities, groups of people – called “sleep groups” stay with sick people all night long and look after their needs. During the day, in general, most of the patients needs are met by relatives, but at night, as much as they wish to stay awake, the relatives are exhausted from working all day and caring for the patient… |
Deuteronomy 10:18-19
עֹשֶׂה מִשְׁפַּט יָתוֹם וְאַלְמָנָה וְאֹהֵב גֵּר לָתֶת לוֹ לֶחֶם וְשִׂמְלָה: וַאֲהַבְתֶּם אֶת הַגֵּר כִּי גֵרִים הֱיִיתֶם בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם:
[God] upholds the cause of the orphan and the widow, and befriends the stranger, providing him/her with food and clothing. -- You too must befriend the stranger, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. [JPS translation edited for gender-neutrality]
כְּשֶׁהַחוֹלֶה שׁוֹכֵב עַל הָאָרֶץ, לֹא יֵשֵׁב הַמְבַקֵּר עַל גַּבֵּי כִסֵּא שֶׁגָּבֹהַּ מִמֶּנּוּ, לְפִי שֶהַשְׁכִינָה לְמַעְלָה מְרַאֲשׁוֹתָיו שֶׁל חוֹלֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, ה' יִסְעָדֶנוּ עַל עֶרֶשׂ דְוָי. אֲבָל כְּשֶׁהַחוֹלֶה שׁוֹכֵב בַּמִּטָּה, מֻתָּר לַמְבַקֵּר לֵישֵׁב עַל כִּסֵּא וְסַפְסָל (עַיֵן לְקַמָּן סִימָן רז סָעִיף ב).
When the patient lies on the ground, the visitor may not sit upon a chair which is more elevated than he is, because the Divine Presence is above the head of the sick, as it is said, "Hashem will support him on the bed of his illness."5Psalms 41:4. But when the patient lies in bed, the visitor may sit on a chair or a bench.
עִקַּר מִצְוַת בִּקּוּר חוֹלִים הוּא לְעַיֵן בְּצָרְכֵי הַחוֹלֶה מַה הוּא צָרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ, וְשֶׁיִמְצָא נַחַת רוּחַ עִם חֲבֵרָיו, וְגַם שֶׁיִתֵּן דַעְתּוֹ עָלָיו וִיבַקֵּשׁ רַחֲמִים עָלָיו. וְאִם בִּקֵּר וְלֹא בִקֵּשׁ, לֹא קִיֵם אֶת הַמִּצְוָה. וְלָכֵן אֵין מְבַקְּרִין בְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁל הַיוֹם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָז כָּל חוֹלֶה מֵקֵל עָלָיו חָלְיוֹ וְלֹא יָחוּשׁ לְבַקֵש עָלָיו רַחֲמִים. וְלֹא בְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת הָאַחֲרוֹנוֹת שֶׁל הַיוֹם, שֶׁאָז מַכְבִּיד עָלָיו חָלְיוֹ וְיִתְיָאֵשׁ מִלְּבַקֵּשׁ עָלָיו רַחֲמִים.
The essence of the mitzvah to visit the sick, is to determine the needs of the patient to see what has to be done for him, and to make him comfortable with his friends. You must also bear in mind to pray for mercy on his behalf. If you visited him and did not pray for his recovery, you have not fulfilled the mitzvah. Therefore, you should not visit the sick during the first three hours of the day, because during this time every sick person has some relief from his illness, and as a result, you will not be concerned to pray for mercy on his behalf. Nor should you visit him during the three final hours of the day, for then the illness becomes more severe, and you might despair of his recovery and will not pray for mercy on his behalf.
כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּטָה אָדָם לָמוּת, אֵין שׁוּם אָדָם רַשַּׁאי לִפָּרֵד מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁלֹא תֵצֵא נַפְשׁוֹ וְהוּא יְחִידִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַנֶפֶשׁ מִשְׁתּוֹמֶמֶת בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁיוֹצֵאת מִן הַגּוּף, וּמִצְוָה לַעֲמֹד עַל הָאָדָם בִּשְׁעַת יְצִיאַת נְשָׁמָה, שֶׁנֶאֱמַר, וִיחִי עוֹד לָנֶצַח לֹא יִרְאֶה הַשָּׁחַת כִּי יִרְאֶה חֲכָמִים יָמוּתוּ, וְגוֹ'. וְרָאוּי לְקַבֵּץ עֲשָׂרָה, שֶׁיִהְיוּ בִּשְׁעַת יְצִיאַת נְשָׁמָה, וְלֹא יַעַסְקוּ, חס וְשָׁלוֹם, בְּדְבָרִים בְּטֵלִים אֶלָא יַעַסְקוּ בַּתּוֹרָה וּבַתְּהִלִּים וּבִשְׁאָר מִזְמוֹרִים, כִּמְסֻדָּר בְּסֵפֶר מַעֲבַר יַבֹּק. וְנוֹהֲגִין לְהַדְלִיק נֵרוֹת בִּפְנֵי הַגּוֹסֵס.
From the moment that his death is imminent, no one is permitted to leave him, so that his soul does not depart when he is alone, because the soul is shocked as it departs from the body. It is a mitzvah to stand by a person, as the soul is departing from him, as it is said, "Shall he then live forever, shall he never see the grave? For he sees that wise men die, etc."4Psalms 49:10–11. It is proper to gather ten adult males to be present at the departure of the soul. They must not God forbid engage in idle talk, rather they should engage in Torah subjects, and in the recitation of Psalms and other supplication, as arranged in the seifer, Maavar Yabbok. It is customary to light candles in the presence of a dying person.
הַמְשַׁמֵּר אֶת הַמֵּת אֲפִלּוּ אֵינוֹ מֵתוֹ, פָּטוּר מִקְּרִיאת שְׁמַע וּמִתְּפִלָה וּמִכָּל מִצְוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה, כִּי הָעוֹסֵק בְּמִצְוָה, פָּטוּר מִמִּצְוָה אַחֶרֶת (וְעַיֵּן לְקַמָּן סִימָן קצו סָעִיף ב). הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם, זֶה מְשַׁמֵר, וְזֶה קוֹרֵא וּמִתְפַּלֵּל.
The person who guards the deceased,7The deceased must be guarded from rodents. See Mishnah Beruch 71:12. even if he is not a mourner, is exempt from Kerias Shema and Shemoneh Esrei, and from all other mitzvos of the Torah,8He is not permitted to be stringent in this matter. Mishnah Berurah, Ibid. for he who is engaged in the performance of a mitzvah is exempt from performing another mitzvah.9This general rule applies only if the second mitzvah involves some extra effort, but if they can both be done without extra effort, both mitzvos should be performed. (Rema 38:8, See Mishnah Berurah.) If there are two two watchmen, [they should alternate] one of them should guard, while the other says Krias Shema and Shemoneh Esrei.
כָּל הַמּוֹרִיד דְּמָעוֹת עַל אָדָם כָּשֵׁר שֶׁמֵּת, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא סוֹפְדָן וּמַנִּיחָן בְּבֵית גְּנָזָיו, וְיֵשׁ בָּזֶה תִּקּוּן לַעֲוֹן קֶרִי, וְהַצָּלָה לְבָנָיו הַקְּטַנִּים מִן הַמִּיתָה רַחֲמָנָא לִצְלָן.
When a person sheds tears over the death of a virtuous person, the Holy One, blessed is He, counts the tears, and stores them in His treasure house.4Maseches Shabbos 105b. This is also an atonement for the sin of pollution, and prevents the death of his small children, God forbid.
מכריז רבי יוחנן הזהרו מזבובי של בעלי ראתן רבי זירא לא הוה יתיב בזיקיה רבי אלעזר לא עייל באהליה רבי אמי ורבי אסי לא הוו אכלי מביעי דההיא מבואה ריב"ל מיכרך בהו ועסיק בתורה אמר (משלי ה, יט) אילת אהבים ויעלת חן אם חן מעלה על לומדיה אגוני לא מגנא
R. Yohanan announced: Beware of the flies of those afflicted with ra’atan. R. Zera never sat down wind from such a sufferer. R. Elazar never entered his tent. R. Ammi and R. Assi never ate any of the eggs coming from the alley in which he lived. R. Joshua b. Levi attached himself to these [sufferers] and studied the Torah; for he said, “A lovely hind and a graceful doe” (Proverbs 5:19): If [the Torah] bestows grace upon those who study it, would it not also protect them?
אֲמַר: הוֹאִיל וְאִיתְרְחִישׁ נִיסָּא אֵיזִיל אַתְקֵין מִילְּתָא. דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיָּבֹא יַעֲקֹב שָׁלֵם״, וְאָמַר רַב: שָׁלֵם בְּגוּפוֹ, שָׁלֵם בְּמָמוֹנוֹ, שָׁלֵם בְּתוֹרָתוֹ. ״וַיִּחַן אֶת פְּנֵי הָעִיר״, אָמַר רַב: מַטְבֵּעַ תִּיקֵּן לָהֶם, וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: שְׁווֹקִים תִּיקֵּן לָהֶם, וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: מֶרְחֲצָאוֹת תִּיקֵּן לָהֶם. אֲמַר: אִיכָּא מִילְּתָא דְּבָעֵי לְתַקּוֹנֵי? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: אִיכָּא דּוּכְתָּא דְּאִית בֵּיהּ סְפֵק טוּמְאָה
Rabbi Shimon said: Since a miracle transpired for me, I will go and repair something for the sake of others in gratitude for God’s kindness, as it is written: “And Jacob came whole to the city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Paddan-aram; and he graced the countenance of the city” (Genesis 33:18). Rav said, the meaning of: And Jacob came whole, is: Whole in his body, whole in his money, whole in his Torah. And what did he do? And he graced the countenance of the city; he performed gracious acts to benefit the city. Rav said: Jacob established a currency for them. And Shmuel said: He established marketplaces for them. And Rabbi Yoḥanan said: He established bathhouses for them. In any event, clearly one for whom a miracle transpires should perform an act of kindness for his neighbors as a sign of gratitude. He said: Is there something that needs repair? They said to him: There is a place where there is uncertainty with regard to ritual impurity
אמר רבי אלעזר בשעה שהקדימו ישראל נעשה לנשמע יצתה בת קול ואמרה להן מי גלה לבני רז זה שמלאכי השרת משתמשין בו דכתיב ברכו ה׳ מלאכיו גברי כח עשי דברו לשמע בקול דברו ברישא עשי והדר לשמע אמר רבי חמא ברבי חנינא מאי דכתיב כתפוח בעצי היער וגו׳ למה נמשלו ישראל לתפוח לומר לך מה תפוח זה פריו קודם לעליו אף ישראל הקדימו נעשה לנשמע
Rabbi Elazar said: When the Jewish people accorded precedence to the declaration “We will do” over “We will hear,” a Divine Voice emerged and said to them: Who revealed to my children this secret that the ministering angels use? As it is written: “Bless the Lord, you angels of His, you mighty in strength, that fulfill His word, hearkening unto the voice of His word” (Psalms 103:20). At first, the angels fulfill His word, and then afterward they hearken. Rabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “As an apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. Under its shadow I delighted to sit and its fruit was sweet to my taste” (Song of Songs 2:3)? Why were the Jewish people likened to an apple tree? It is to tell you that just as this apple tree, its fruit grows before its leaves, so too, the Jewish people accorded precedence to “We will do” over “We will hear.”
ת"ר מעשה ברבי אליעזר שגזר שלש עשרה תעניות על הצבור ולא ירדו גשמים באחרונה התחילו הצבור לצאת אמר להם תקנתם קברים לעצמכם געו כל העם בבכיה וירדו גשמים
The Sages taught: An incident occurred involving Rabbi Eliezer, who decreed a complete cycle of thirteen fasts upon the congregation, but rain did not fall. At the end of the last fast, the congregation began to exit the synagogue. He said to them: Have you prepared graves for yourselves? If rain does not fall, we will all die of hunger. All the people burst into tears, and rain fell.
אָמַר רָבִין בַּר רַב אַדָּא, אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: מִנַּיִן שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מָצוּי בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אֱלֹהִים נִצָּב בַּעֲדַת אֵל״.
In explaining Abba Binyamin’s statement, Ravin bar Rav Adda said that Rabbi Yitzḥak said: From where is it derived that the Holy One, Blessed be He, is located in a synagogue? As it is stated: “God stands in the congregation of God; in the midst of the judges He judges” (Psalms 82:1). The congregation of God is the place where people congregate to sing God’s praises, and God is located among His congregation.
וּמִנַּיִן לַעֲשָׂרָה שֶׁמִּתְפַּלְּלִין שֶׁשְּׁכִינָה עִמָּהֶם — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אֱלֹהִים נִצָּב בַּעֲדַת אֵל״.
And from where is it derived that ten people who pray, the Divine Presence is with them? As it is stated: “God stands in the congregation of God,” and the minimum number of people that constitute a congregation is a quorum of ten.
וּמִנַּיִן לִשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִין בַּדִּין שֶׁשְּׁכִינָה עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״בְּקֶרֶב אֱלֹהִים יִשְׁפֹּט״.
From where is it derived that three who sit in judgment, the Divine Presence is with them? It is derived from this same verse, as it is stated: “In the midst of the judges He judges,” and the minimum number of judges that comprises a court is three.
וּמִנַּיִן לִשְׁנַיִם שֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִין וְעוֹסְקִין בַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁשְּׁכִינָה עִמָּהֶם — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אָז נִדְבְּרוּ יִרְאֵי ה׳ אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ וַיַּקְשֵׁב ה׳״ וְגוֹ׳.
From where is it derived that two who sit and engage in Torah study, the Divine Presence is with them? As it is stated: “Then they that feared the Lord spoke one with the other, and the Lord listened, and heard, and a book of remembrance was written before Him, for them that fear the Lord, and that think upon His name” (Malachi 3:16). The Divine Presence listens to any two God-fearing individuals who speak with each other.
ר' יהושע בן לוי אשכח לאליהו דהוי קיימי אפיתחא דמערתא דרבי שמעון בן יוחאי אמר ליה אתינא לעלמא דאתי אמר ליה אם ירצה אדון הזה אמר רבי יהושע בן לוי שנים ראיתי וקול ג' שמעתי
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi found Elijah the prophet, who was standing at the entrance of the burial cave of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said to him: Will I be privileged to come to the World-to-Come? Elijah said to him: If this Master, the Holy One, Blessed be He, will wish it so. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says: Two I saw, Elijah and me, and the voice of three I heard, as the Divine Presence was also there, and it was in reference to Him that Elijah said: If this Master will wish it so.
אמר ליה אימת אתי משיח אמר ליה זיל שייליה לדידיה והיכא יתיב אפיתחא דקרתא ומאי סימניה יתיב ביני עניי סובלי חלאים וכולן שרו ואסירי בחד זימנא איהו שרי חד ואסיר חד אמר דילמא מבעינא דלא איעכב
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said to Elijah: When will the Messiah come? Elijah said to him: Go ask him. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi asked: And where is he sitting? Elijah said to him: At the entrance of the city of Rome. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi asked him: And what is his identifying sign by means of which I can recognize him? Elijah answered: He sits among the poor who suffer from illnesses. And all of them untie their bandages and tie them all at once, but the Messiah unties one bandage and ties one at a time. He says: Perhaps I will be needed to serve to bring about the redemption. Therefore, I will never tie more than one bandage, so that I will not be delayed.
אזל לגביה אמר ליה שלום עליך רבי ומורי אמר ליה שלום עליך בר ליואי א"ל לאימת אתי מר א"ל היום אתא לגבי אליהו א"ל מאי אמר לך א"ל שלום עליך בר ליואי א"ל אבטחך לך ולאבוך לעלמא דאתי א"ל שקורי קא שקר בי דאמר לי היום אתינא ולא אתא א"ל הכי אמר לך (תהלים צה, ז) היום אם בקולו תשמעו
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi went to the Messiah. He said to the Messiah: Greetings to you, my rabbi and my teacher. The Messiah said to him: Greetings to you, bar Leva’i. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said to him: When will the Master come? The Messiah said to him: Today. Sometime later, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi came to Elijah. Elijah said to him: What did the Messiah say to you? He said to Elijah that the Messiah said: Greetings [shalom] to you, bar Leva’i. Elijah said to him: He thereby guaranteed that you and your father will enter the World-to-Come, as he greeted you with shalom. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said to Elijah: The Messiah lied to me, as he said to me: I am coming today, and he did not come. Elijah said to him that this is what he said to you: He said that he will come “today, if you will listen to his voice” (Psalms 95:7).
כָּל הַנִּכְנָסִין לְהַר הַבַּיִת נִכְנָסִין דֶּרֶךְ יָמִין וּמַקִּיפִין וְיוֹצְאִין דֶּרֶךְ שְׂמֹאל, חוּץ מִמִּי שֶׁאֵרְעוֹ דָבָר, שֶׁהוּא מַקִּיף לִשְׂמֹאל. מַה לְּךָ מַקִּיף לִשְׂמֹאל, שֶׁאֲנִי אָבֵל, הַשּׁוֹכֵן בַּבַּיִת הַזֶּה יְנַחֲמֶךָּ. שֶׁאֲנִי מְנֻדֶּה, הַשּׁוֹכֵן בַּבַּיִת הַזֶּה יִתֵּן בְּלִבָּם וִיקָרְבוּךָ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, עֲשִׂיתָן כְּאִלּוּ עָבְרוּ עָלָיו אֶת הַדִּין. אֶלָּא, הַשּׁוֹכֵן בַּבַּיִת הַזֶּה יִתֵּן בְּלִבְּךָ וְתִשְׁמַע לְדִבְרֵי חֲבֵרֶיךָ וִיקָרְבוּךָ:
All who entered the Temple Mount entered by the right and went round [to the right] and went out by the left, save for one to whom something had happened, who entered and went round to the left. [He was asked]: “Why do you go round to the left?” [If he answered] “Because I am a mourner,” [they said to him], “May He who dwells in this house comfort you.” [If he answered] “Because I am excommunicated” [they said]: “May He who dwells in this house inspire them to draw you near again,” the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose to him: you make it seem as if they treated him unjustly. Rather [they should say]: “May He who dwells in this house inspire you to listen to the words of your colleagues so that they may draw you near again.”
ותבט אשתו מאחריו. אחר שאמר לה המלאך אל תביט אחריך היתה נפשה הומה על בנותיה הנשארות בסדום:
"And his wife looked behind him" - After the angel said, "Do not look behind you" - Her soul was stirred regarding her daughters that remained in Sodom
ראה אותם אחד מאנשי העיר ורץ והגיד לכל אנשי העיר ונקבצו כלם אל פתח הבית לעשות כמנהגם משכב זכור כנשים, שנאמר ויקראו אל לוט ויאמרו לו. ומה עשה לוט, כשם שנתן משה נפשו תחת העם כך נתן לו את שתי בנותיו תחת שני המלאכים שנאמר הנה לי שתי בנות ולא קבלו עליהם אנשי העיר. מה עשו להם המלאכים הכו אותם בעורון עד שעלה עמוד השחר וכשם שהחזיק לוט בידיו של המלאכים והכניסם לתוך ביתו כך החזיקו בידו וביד אשתו וביד שתי בנותיו והוציאו אותם מחוץ לעיר שנאמר ויתמהמה ויחזיקו האנשים אמ' להם אל תביטו לאחוריכם שהרי ירדה שכינתו של הב"ה להמטיר על סדום ועל עמורה גפרית ואש עירית אשתו של לוט נכמרו רחמה על בנותיה הנשואות והביטה לאחריה לראות אם הולכות אחריה אם לא (וראת אחרי) [וראתה אחריה] השכינה ונעשית נציב מלח, שנאמר ותבט אשתו מאחריו ותהי נציב מלח:
A certain young man of the people of that city saw them, and he ran and told all the men of that city, and they all gathered together at the door of the house to do according to their wont, even deeds of sodomy, as it is said, "And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, || Where are the men who came to thee to-night? bring them forth unto us that we may know them" (Gen. 19:5). What did Lot do? Just as Moses gave his life for the people, so Lot gave up his two daughters instead of the two angels, as it is said, "Behold, now, I have two daughters" (Gen. 19:8). But the men would not agree (and did not accept them). What did the angels do to them? They smote them with blindness until the dawn of the (next) morning. All were treated with (measure for) measure. Just as he had taken them by the hand without their will and taken them into his house, so they took hold of his hand, and the hand of his wife, and the hand of his two daughters, and took them outside the city, as it is said, "But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand" (Gen. 19:16). And they said to them: Do not look behind you, for verily the Shekhinah of the Holy One, blessed be He, has descended in order to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire. The pity of 'Edith the wife of Lot was stirred for her daughters, who were married in Sodom, and she looked back behind her to see if they were coming after her or not. And she saw behind the Shekhinah, and she became a pillar of salt, as it is said, "And his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt" (Gen. 19:26).
תָּנֵי תַּנָּא קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כׇּל הָעוֹסֵק בְּתוֹרָה וּבִגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים
A tanna taught the following baraita before Rabbi Yoḥanan: If one engages in Torah and acts of charity
וְקוֹבֵר אֶת בָּנָיו — מוֹחֲלִין לוֹ עַל כׇּל עֲוֹנוֹתָיו.
and buries his sons, all his transgressions are forgiven.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: בִּשְׁלָמָא תּוֹרָה וּגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים, דִּכְתִיב: ״בְּחֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת יְכֻפַּר עָוֹן״. ״חֶסֶד״ — זוֹ גְּמִילוּת חֲסָדִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״רוֹדֵף צְדָקָה וָחָסֶד יִמְצָא חַיִּים צְדָקָה וְכָבוֹד״. ״אֱמֶת״ — זוֹ תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אֱמֶת קְנֵה וְאַל תִּמְכֹּר״. אֶלָּא ״קוֹבֵר אֶת בָּנָיו״ מִנַּיִן?
Rabbi Yoḥanan said to him: What is your source for this? Granted, if one engages in Torah and acts of charity, his transgressions are forgiven, as it is written: “With mercy and truth, iniquity is expiated” (Proverbs 16:6); mercy refers to acts of charity, as it is stated: “He who pursues charity and mercy finds life, charity and honor” (Proverbs 21:21), mercy and charity are listed together. And truth refers to Torah, as it is stated: “Buy truth and do not sell it; also wisdom, guidance and understanding” (Proverbs 23:23). However, from where is it derived that the transgressions of one who buries his sons are also forgiven?
תְּנָא לֵיהּ הַהוּא סָבָא, מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַאי: אָתְיָא, ״עָוֹן״ ״עָוֹן״. כְּתִיב הָכָא ״בְּחֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת יְכֻפַּר עָוֹן״, וּכְתִיב הָתָם ״וּמְשַׁלֵּם עֲוֹן אָבוֹת אֶל חֵיק בְּנֵיהֶם״.
An answer was provided to Rabbi Yoḥanan when a certain elder taught him in the name of Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai: This conclusion is derived from a verbal analogy between the words iniquity and iniquity. Here, it is written: “With mercy and truth, iniquity is expiated,” and there it is written: “He repays the iniquity of the fathers onto the bosom of their children” (Jeremiah 32:18). Because he “repays the iniquity of the fathers onto the bosom of their children,” the father’s transgressions are forgiven.
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: נְגָעִים וּבָנִים — אֵינָן יִסּוּרִין שֶׁל אַהֲבָה.
Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Leprosy and suffering due to children are not afflictions of love.
וּבָנִים לָא?! הֵיכִי דָמֵי, אִילֵּימָא דַּהֲווֹ לְהוּ וּמֵתוּ, וְהָא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, דֵּין גַּרְמָא דַּעֲשִׂירָאָה בִּיר? אֶלָּא הָא — דְּלָא הֲווֹ לֵיהּ כְּלָל. וְהָא — דַּהֲווֹ לֵיהּ וּמֵתוּ.
The Gemara continues to object: And suffering due to children is not an affliction of love? The Gemara clarifies: What are the circumstances? If you say that he had children and they died, didn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan himself say, while consoling the victim of a catastrophe: This is the bone of my tenth son? Rabbi Yoḥanan experienced the death of ten of his children, and he kept a small bone from his tenth child as a painful memorial. He would show that bone to others in order to console them, and since he showed it to them, the deaths of his children must certainly have been affliction of love. He consoled others by displaying that there is an element of intimacy with God that exists in that suffering (Tosafot). Why, then, would Rabbi Yoḥanan have said that suffering due to children is not afflictions of love? Rather, one must conclude that when Rabbi Yoḥanan said that those afflictions are not afflictions of love, he was speaking with regard to one who has no children, and when one had children who died, this could very well be considered afflictions of love.
כְּבָר מְבֹאָר בְּסִימָן קסג סָעִיף ז, דְּתִינוֹק שֶׁמֵּת, מָלִין אוֹתוֹ אֵצֶל קִבְרוֹ וְקוֹרְאִין לוֹ שֵׁם, וְכֵן לְתִינֹקֶת גַּם כֵּן צְרִיכִין לִקְרוֹא לָהּ שֵׁם. וּצְרִיכִין לְהַזְהִיר אֶת הַקַּבְּרָנִים עַל זֶה (השיב משה אוֹרַח חַיִּים סִימָן יג)
It has been explained in chapter 163:7, that if an uncircumcised infant dies, he should be circumcised at his grave, and a name given to him. A female infant should also be given a name; and the Burial Society must be informed of this law.
הַשַּׁעַר הָרִאשׁוֹן – בְּבֵאוּר הַתְּשׁוּבָה וְעִקָּרֶיהָ.
מִן הַטּוֹבוֹת אֲשֶׁר הֵיטִיב הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ עִם בְּרוּאָיו, כִּי הֵכִין לָהֶם הַדֶּרֶךְ לַעֲלוֹת מִתּוֹךְ פַּחַת מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם וְלָנוּס מִפַּח פִּשְׁעֵיהֶם, לַחְשֹׂךְ נַפְשָׁם מִנִּי שַׁחַת וּלְהָשִׁיב מֵעֲלֵיהֶם אַפּוֹ, וְלִמְּדָם וְהִזְהִירָם לָשׁוּב אֵלָיו כִּי יֶחֶטְאוּ לוֹ, לְרֹב טוּבוֹ וְיָשְׁרוֹ כִּי הוּא יָדַע יִצְרָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים כה, ח): "טוֹב וְיָשָׁר ה' עַל כֵּן יוֹרֶה חַטָּאִים בַּדָּרֶךְ", וְאִם הִרְבּוּ לִפְשֹׁעַ וְלִמְרוֹד וּבֶגֶד בּוֹגְדִים בָּגָדוּ, לֹא סָגַר בַּעֲדָם דַּלְתֵי תְּשׁוּבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה לא, ו): "שׁוּבוּ לַאֲשֶׁר הֶעְמִיקוּ סָרָה". וְנֶאֱמַר (ירמיה ג, כב): "שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים אֶרְפָּה מְשׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם". וְהֻזְהַרְנוּ עַל הַתְּשׁוּבָה בְּכַמָּה מְקוֹמוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה, וְהִתְבָּאֵר, כִּי הַתְּשׁוּבָה מְקֻבֶּלֶת גַּם כִּי יָשׁוּב הַחוֹטֵא מֵרֹב צָרוֹתָיו, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן אִם יָשׁוּב מִיִּרְאַת הַשֵּׁם וְאַהֲבָתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ד, ל): "בַּצַּר לְךָ וּמְצָאוּךָ כֹּל הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים וְשַׁבְתָּ עַד ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקוֹלוֹ". וְהִתְבָּאֵר בַּתּוֹרָה, כִּי יַעֲזֹר ה' לַשָּׁבִים כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵין יַד טִבְעָם מַשֶּׂגֶת וִיחַדֵּשׁ בְּקִרְבָּם רוּחַ טְהוֹרָה לְהַשִּׂיג מַעֲלַת אַהֲבָתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ל, ב): "וְשַׁבְתָּ עַד ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ בְקֹלוֹ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשֶׁךָ". וְאוֹמֵר בְּסוֹף הָעִנְיָן (דברים ל, ו): "וּמָל ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת לְבָבְךָ וְאֶת לְבַב זַרְעֶךָ" – לְהַשִּׂיג אַהֲבָתוֹ. וְהַנְּבִיאִים וְהַכְּתוּבִים דִּבְּרוּ תָּמִיד עַל דְּבַר הַתְּשׁוּבָה, עַד כִּי בָּאוּ עִקְּרֵי הַתְּשׁוּבָה כֻּלָּם מְפֹרָשִׁים בְּדִבְרֵיהֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר יִתְבָּאֵר.
מִן הַטּוֹבוֹת אֲשֶׁר הֵיטִיב הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ עִם בְּרוּאָיו, כִּי הֵכִין לָהֶם הַדֶּרֶךְ לַעֲלוֹת מִתּוֹךְ פַּחַת מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם וְלָנוּס מִפַּח פִּשְׁעֵיהֶם, לַחְשֹׂךְ נַפְשָׁם מִנִּי שַׁחַת וּלְהָשִׁיב מֵעֲלֵיהֶם אַפּוֹ, וְלִמְּדָם וְהִזְהִירָם לָשׁוּב אֵלָיו כִּי יֶחֶטְאוּ לוֹ, לְרֹב טוּבוֹ וְיָשְׁרוֹ כִּי הוּא יָדַע יִצְרָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים כה, ח): "טוֹב וְיָשָׁר ה' עַל כֵּן יוֹרֶה חַטָּאִים בַּדָּרֶךְ", וְאִם הִרְבּוּ לִפְשֹׁעַ וְלִמְרוֹד וּבֶגֶד בּוֹגְדִים בָּגָדוּ, לֹא סָגַר בַּעֲדָם דַּלְתֵי תְּשׁוּבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה לא, ו): "שׁוּבוּ לַאֲשֶׁר הֶעְמִיקוּ סָרָה". וְנֶאֱמַר (ירמיה ג, כב): "שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים אֶרְפָּה מְשׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם". וְהֻזְהַרְנוּ עַל הַתְּשׁוּבָה בְּכַמָּה מְקוֹמוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה, וְהִתְבָּאֵר, כִּי הַתְּשׁוּבָה מְקֻבֶּלֶת גַּם כִּי יָשׁוּב הַחוֹטֵא מֵרֹב צָרוֹתָיו, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן אִם יָשׁוּב מִיִּרְאַת הַשֵּׁם וְאַהֲבָתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ד, ל): "בַּצַּר לְךָ וּמְצָאוּךָ כֹּל הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים וְשַׁבְתָּ עַד ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקוֹלוֹ". וְהִתְבָּאֵר בַּתּוֹרָה, כִּי יַעֲזֹר ה' לַשָּׁבִים כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵין יַד טִבְעָם מַשֶּׂגֶת וִיחַדֵּשׁ בְּקִרְבָּם רוּחַ טְהוֹרָה לְהַשִּׂיג מַעֲלַת אַהֲבָתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ל, ב): "וְשַׁבְתָּ עַד ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ בְקֹלוֹ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשֶׁךָ". וְאוֹמֵר בְּסוֹף הָעִנְיָן (דברים ל, ו): "וּמָל ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת לְבָבְךָ וְאֶת לְבַב זַרְעֶךָ" – לְהַשִּׂיג אַהֲבָתוֹ. וְהַנְּבִיאִים וְהַכְּתוּבִים דִּבְּרוּ תָּמִיד עַל דְּבַר הַתְּשׁוּבָה, עַד כִּי בָּאוּ עִקְּרֵי הַתְּשׁוּבָה כֻּלָּם מְפֹרָשִׁים בְּדִבְרֵיהֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר יִתְבָּאֵר.
In explanation of repentance and its principles
Among the good things which God, may He be blessed, has bestowed upon His creations is the path which He prepared for them to ascend from the baseness of their actions, to escape the trap of their inequities, to hold their souls back from destruction and to remove His anger from upon them. Because of His goodness and uprightness, He has taught them and warned them to return to Him when they sin against Him - for He understands their nature, as it is stated (Psalms 25:8), "Good and upright is the Lord; therefore He shows sinners the way." [Even] if they greatly sin and rebel and act like treacherous betrayers - He does not close the doors of repentance to them, as it is stated (Isaiah 31:6), "Return, to Him to whom they have been so shamefully false." It is [also] stated (Jeremiah 3:22), "Turn back, O rebellious children, I will heal your afflictions." We are warned about repentance in several places in the Torah. It is explained that repentance is accepted even when the sinner repents because of his many troubles - how much more so [will it be accepted] if he returns because of fear or love of God - as it is stated (Deuteronomy 4:30), "When you are in distress because all these things have befallen you and, in the end, return to the Lord your God and obey Him." It is explained in the Torah that God will help those who repent beyond what their natural ability would allow; and that He renews a pure spirit within them, to reach great heights in His love - as it is stated (Deuteronomy 30:2), "And you return to the Lord your God, and you and your children heed His command with all your heart and soul, just as I enjoin upon you this day." Further, it is stated about the body of the matter (Deuteronomy 30:6), "Then the Lord, your God, will circumcise your heart and the hearts of your offspring," to acquire love for Him. And the Prophets and Writings constantly speak on the subject of repentance, such that the principles of repentance are all explained in their words, as will be explained.
Among the good things which God, may He be blessed, has bestowed upon His creations is the path which He prepared for them to ascend from the baseness of their actions, to escape the trap of their inequities, to hold their souls back from destruction and to remove His anger from upon them. Because of His goodness and uprightness, He has taught them and warned them to return to Him when they sin against Him - for He understands their nature, as it is stated (Psalms 25:8), "Good and upright is the Lord; therefore He shows sinners the way." [Even] if they greatly sin and rebel and act like treacherous betrayers - He does not close the doors of repentance to them, as it is stated (Isaiah 31:6), "Return, to Him to whom they have been so shamefully false." It is [also] stated (Jeremiah 3:22), "Turn back, O rebellious children, I will heal your afflictions." We are warned about repentance in several places in the Torah. It is explained that repentance is accepted even when the sinner repents because of his many troubles - how much more so [will it be accepted] if he returns because of fear or love of God - as it is stated (Deuteronomy 4:30), "When you are in distress because all these things have befallen you and, in the end, return to the Lord your God and obey Him." It is explained in the Torah that God will help those who repent beyond what their natural ability would allow; and that He renews a pure spirit within them, to reach great heights in His love - as it is stated (Deuteronomy 30:2), "And you return to the Lord your God, and you and your children heed His command with all your heart and soul, just as I enjoin upon you this day." Further, it is stated about the body of the matter (Deuteronomy 30:6), "Then the Lord, your God, will circumcise your heart and the hearts of your offspring," to acquire love for Him. And the Prophets and Writings constantly speak on the subject of repentance, such that the principles of repentance are all explained in their words, as will be explained.
(ב) וּמִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ נִסְתַּלְּקָה הַשְּׁכִינָה לַשָּׁמַיִם... רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר לֹא זָזָה הַשְּׁכִינָה מִתּוֹךְ הַהֵיכָל... וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (תהלים ג, ה): קוֹלִי אֶל יקוק אֶקְרָא וַיַּעֲנֵנִי מֵהַר קָדְשׁוֹ סֶלָּה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חָרֵב הֲרֵי הוּא בִּקְדֻשָּׁתוֹ... אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חָרֵב הָאֱלֹקִים אֵינוֹ זָז מִשָּׁם... לְעוֹלָם אֵין הַשְּׁכִינָה זָזָה מִכֹּתֶל מַעֲרָבִי...
(2) ... Our teachers have said: Once, while Moses our Teacher was tending [his father-in-law] Yitro’s sheep, one of the sheep ran away. Moses ran after it until it reached a small, shaded place. There, the lamb came across a pool and began to drink. As Moses approached the lamb, he said, “I did not know you ran away because you were thirsty. You are so exhausted!” He then put the lamb on his shoulders and carried him back. The Holy One said, “Since you tend the sheep of human beings with such overwhelming love - by your life, I swear you shall be the shepherd of My sheep, Israel.”