ומי כתבן משה כתב ספרו ופרשת בלעם ואיוב יהושע כתב ספרו ושמונה פסוקים שבתורה.
Who wrote the the Bible? Moses wrote his own book and the portion of Balaam and Job. Joshua wrote his book and [the last] eight verses of the Torah.
דברי ר"י ואמרי לה ר' נחמיה אמר לו ר"ש אפשר ס"ת חסר אות אחת וכתיב (דברים לא, כו) לקוח את ספר התורה הזה אלא עד כאן הקב"ה אומר ומשה אומר וכותב מכאן ואילך הקב"ה אומר ומשה כותב בדמע ...
This is the opinion of Rabbi Judah, or, according to others, of Rabbi Nehemiah. Said Rabbi Simeon to him: Can [we imagine the] scroll of the Torah being short of one word, and is it not written, "Take this scroll of the Torah" (Deuteronomy 31:26)? No, what we must say is that up to this point the Holy One, blessed be He, dictated and Moses repeated and wrote, and from this point God dictated and Moses wrote in tears ...
וְזאת הַתּורָה אֲשֶׁר שם משֶׁה לִפְנֵי בְּנֵי יִשרָאֵל: עַל פִּי ה' בְּיַד משֶׁה:
This is the Torah that Moses set before the Israelites (Deuteronomy 4:44) by the mouth of the Lord through the hand of Moses. (Numbers 9:23)
(ו) וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר אַבְרָם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ עַ֚ד מְק֣וֹם שְׁכֶ֔ם עַ֖ד אֵל֣וֹן מוֹרֶ֑ה וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י אָ֥ז בָּאָֽרֶץ׃
(6) Abram passed through the land as far as the site of Shechem, at the terebinth of Moreh. The Canaanites were then in the land.
(ד) והכנעני אז בארץ. יתכן שארץ כנען תפשה כנען מיד אחר ואם איננו כן יש לו סוד והמשכיל ידום
(c. 1167) The Canaanites were then in the land. It is possible that the Canaanites took the land from someone else. But if this is not the case, there is a secret here, and the one who understands should be quiet.
ואם תבין סוד (השרים) [צ''ל השנים] עשר גם ויכתוב משה והכנעני אז בארץ בהר ה' יראה גם והנה ערשו ערש ברזל תכיר האמת.
If you know the secret of the twelve, and of "Moses wrote" (Deuteronomy 31:9), and of "the Canaanites were then in the land", "on the mountain the Lord is seen" (Genesis 22:14), and "his bedstead was a bedstead of iron" (Deuteronomy 3:11), you will recognize the truth.
היסוד השמיני
היות התורה מן השמים והוא שנאמין כי כל התורה הזאת הנתונה ע"י משה רבינו ע"ה שהיא כולה מפי הגבורה כלומר שהגיעה אליו כולה מאת ה' יתברך בענין שנקרא על דרך השאלה דבור ואין ידוע היאך הגיע אלא הוא משה ע"ה שהגיע לו וכי הוא היה כמו סופר שקוראין לו והוא כותב כל מאורעות הימים הספורים והמצות ולפיכך נקרא מחוקק ...
וזה שאומר שכמו אלה הפסוקים והספורים משה ספרם מדעתו הנה הוא אצל חכמינו ונביאינו כופר ומגלה פנים יותר מכל הכופרים לפי שחשב שיש בתורה לב וקליפה ושאלה דברי הימים והספורים אין תועלת בהם ושהם מאת משה רבינו ע"ה וזה ענין ל) אין תורה מן השמים אמרו חכמים ז"ל הוא המאמין שכל התורה מפי הגבורה חוץ מן הפסוק זה שלא אמר הקב"ה אלא משה מפי עצמו מ) וזה כי דבר ה' בזה הש"י ויתר ממאמר הכופרים.
(1168) The Eighth Fundamental Principle is that the Torah came from God. We are to believe that the whole Torah was given us through Moses our Teacher entirely from God. When we call the Torah “God’s Word” we speak metaphorically. We do not know exactly how it reached us, but only that it came to us through Moses who acted like a secretary taking dictation. He wrote down the events of the time and the commandments, for which reason he is called “Lawgiver” ...
Anyone who says Moses wrote some passages on his own is regarded by our sages as an atheist of the worst kind of heretic, because he tries to distinguished essence from accident in Torah. Such a heretic claims that some historical passages or stories are trivial inventions of Moses and not Divine Revelation. But the sages said that if one accepts as revelation the whole Torah with the exception of even one verse, which Moses himself and not God composed, he is referred to in the verse, “he has shamed the Word of the Lord” (Numbers 15:31), and is heretical.
Leviathan, Chapter 33, by Thomas Hobbes (1651)
Let us therefore consider that which we find in the Book of Genesis, Chap. 12. Ver. 6 "And Abraham passed through the land to the place of Sichem, unto the plain of Moreh, and the Canaanite was then in the land;" which must needs bee the words of one that wrote when the Canaanite was not in the land; and consequently, not of Moses, who dyed before he came into it. Likewise Numbers 21. Ver. 14. the Writer citeth another more ancient Book, Entituled, The Book of the Warres of the Lord, wherein were registred the Acts of Moses, at the Red-sea, and at the brook of Arnon. It is therefore sufficiently evident, that the five Books of Moses were written after his time, though how long after it be not so manifest. But though Moses did not compile those Books entirely, and in the form we have them; yet he wrote all that which hee is there said to have written: as for example, the Volume of the Law, which is contained, as it seemeth in the 11 of Deuteronomie, and the following Chapters to the 27. which was also commanded to be written on stones, in their entry into the land of Canaan. (Deut. 31. 9)
Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Chapter 8, by Baruch Spinoza (1670)
In order to treat the subject methodically, I will begin with the received opinions concerning the true authors of the sacred books, and in the first place, speak of the author of the Pentateuch, who is almost universally supposed to have been Moses. The Pharisees are so firmly convinced of his identity, that they account as a heretic anyone who differs from them on the subject. Wherefore, Aben Ezra, a man of enlightened intelligence, and no small learning, who was the first, so far as I know, to treat of this opinion, dared not express his meaning openly, but confined himself to dark hints which I shall not scruple to elucidate, thus throwing full light on the subject. The words of Aben Ezra which occur in his commentary on Deuteronomy are as follows: "Beyond Jordan, &c. . . . . If so be that thou understandest the mystery of the twelve . . . . moreover Moses wrote the law . . . . .The Canaanite was then in the land . . . . it shall be revealed on the mount of God . . . . then also behold his bed, his iron bed, then shalt thou know the truth." In these few words he hints, and also shows that it was not Moses who wrote the Pentateuch, but someone who lived long after him, and further, that the book which Moses wrote was something different from any now extant.