This source sheet will help students young and old to read with comprehension the English translations of the Torah and Haftarah portions for Shabbat Sukkot Khol haMoed. If you answer all the questions below, you will have a set of complete notes to guide you in writing a detailed summary of the portion.
In general, the Torah is commonly thought to have four layers of meaning:
1. P'shat: the basic and most obvious meanings of the text;
2. Remez: the symbolic or allegorical meanings in the text;
3. Derash: the deeper, comparative and analytical meanings in the text; and
4. Sod: the hidden or mystical meanings in the text.
This source sheet will guide you in unpacking the English p'shat layer, but it also includes suggestions for deeper analysis. Those suggestions are in brackets, like this: [derash: ...]. Once you are capable of writing a careful summary, you are then prepared to write an analytical essay, a dvar Torah, exploring a topic, question, or problem in the portion that you find particularly compelling.
(12) Moses said to the LORD, “See, You say to me, ‘Lead this people forward,’ but You have not made known to me whom You will send with me. Further, You have said, ‘I have singled you out by name, and you have, indeed, gained My favor.’ (13) Now, if I have truly gained Your favor, pray let me know Your ways, that I may know You and continue in Your favor. Consider, too, that this nation is Your people.”
vv. 33:12-13
What 3 things does Moshe request from God?
(14) And He said, “I will go in the lead and will lighten your burden.”
vv. 33:14
Others translate this somewhat more literally: "My face (or presence) will go and lead you."
God's answer is very short. What does God say?
[derash: Does God answer any or all of Moshe's questions? Some say: literally, no, but indirectly, God answers all 3 questions. Explain.]
vv. 33:15-16
Moshe responds with 1 statement, 1 question, and 1 aspiration. What are they? Why does Moshe want God to travel with the people?
[derash: What is Moshe's primary concern here, and how is it one of the defining features of Judaism?]
v. 33:17
What request is God going to answer?
[derash: Is God referring only to Moshe, or to the whole Jewish people here?]
v. 33:18
Others translate this more literally: "Please let me see Your Glory."
Moshe now refines his request from v. 13, "Let me know Your ways." Explain.
vv. 33:19-20
Others translate the second half of v. 19: "but I will show favor and mercy to whomever I want."
What is God willing to show Moshe, and why can't Moshe just see God?
[derash: Why do you think that people can't see God and live?]
vv. 33:21-23
What will God do?
[derash: Aryeh Kaplan translates vv. 22-23 differently: "When my glory passes by, I will place you in a crevice in the mountain, protecting you with My power until I pass by. I will then remove my protective power, and you will have a vision of what follows from my Existence. My essence itself, however, will not be seen."
In this case, the Sefaria translation is more literal. Why do you think Kaplan translates differently?]
v. 34:1
What must Moshe do? What will God do?
What specific event in the past does this text refer to when it talks about "the first tablets"?
vv. 34:2-3
Where must Moshe go in the morning? Where must all the rest of the people stay?
vv. 34:4-5
How does God reveal God's self?
[derash: Why do you think God's presence is concealed "in a cloud"?]
vv. 34:6-7
This is a very important statement! It is referred to as the revelation of God's 13 attributes. Can you list all 13 attributes God reveals?
[derash: The text says God's kindness will persist for 1000 generations (how long is that?), but a person's sins will bring punishment on his/her children and grandchildren (that is, for 3-4 generations). This is a description of Divine causality in the world. Explain it and compare it to human law and/or scientific causality.]
vv. 34:8-9
Fox translates the last phrase (the last Hebrew word) more literally: "And make us Your inheritance."
How does Moshe respond? What request does he make?
[derash: Which translation do you prefer? Why?]
v. 34:10
What promise does God make in return?
[derash: Do you think God still has a special relationship with the Jewish people? Why or why not? Is this simply a matter of opinion, or can you provide evidence?]
vv. 34:11-16
What demand does God make and why does God make it?
[derash: Were the Israelites being asked to destroy these people's religions, or just to remove their religious practices and objects from the land the Israelites would occupy? What do you think this is all about?]
v. 34:17
Which of the 10 Commandments does this repeat?
[derash: Does this verse have any relationship to the previous 5 verses? If so, how? (hint: The molten calf episode just recently happened.)]
v. 34:18
The subject of the text now seems to change completely. What holiday is being described and what details of its celebration are noted?
[derash: In what way(s) might this verse be directly related to the previous 6 verses?]
[derash: In some translations "Abib" (or Aviv) is not translated as the name of a month, but rather as a description, "the month of ripe grain". What does that tell us about this holiday and its origins in Jewish tradition?]
vv. 34:19-20
These verses concern the redeeming of the first born may seem complicated. Can you explain them?The text says, "the first issue of the womb is Mine". What do you think this requires of a person who owns animals?
How does "None shall appear before Me empty-handed" relate to the redemption of the first born?
[derash: Both male livestock and male humans must be redeemed. How are each redeemed? What is the purpose and meaning of this particular kind of "redemption"?]
v. 34:21
What holy day is this instruction for?
[derash: Why does it say "even at plowing/harvest time"?]
[derash: How often does the Torah command us or remind us to observe and guard Shabbat? Why is it repeated so often? Why is Shabbat so important?]
v. 34:22
What holiday is this and when is it celebrated?
[derash: The text says "at the turn of the year". Does this mean right after Rosh Hashanah? If not, what IS meant here?]
vv. 34:23-26
There's a lot going on here!!
v. 23: Explain this verse. What is meant by "3 times a year"?
v. 24: What is God saying here, and why?
v. 25: These commandments seem to belong back with v. 18, along with other details of celebrating Pesach.
v. 26, part 1 "choice first fruits": What are first fruits and what are we to do with them?
[derash: Can you connect this ritual to things we do in modern times?]
v. 26, part 2 "shall not boil": What is commanded here?
[derash: Does this concern us in modern times? Explain.]
This holiday portion now jumps to a different section of the Torah, Numbers/Bemidbar 29:26-34. Congregations that can afford to own two or more Torah scrolls will use one scroll for the reading in Exodus/Shmot, and a second scroll for the reading in Numbers/Bemidbar.
vv. 29:26-28
What is to be done on the fifth day of Sukkot?
vv. 29:29-31
How do these verses differ from vv.26-28? If you look back to v.17 and read forward, the progression will be clear.
[derash: As you may gather from the extent of the sacrifices, this was intended to be a major celebration. You may want to explore how this holiday was celebrated in Temple times. There is a whole tractate in Talmud devoted to it, Sukkah, in the section (Order) of the Talmud concerning holidays: Moed. Indeed, this was the most joyous of our traditional holidays. The Talmud says, referring to the water-drawing ceremony during Sukkot: “one who had never witnessed the Rejoicing at the Place of the Water Drawing had never seen true joy in his life.”]
vv. 29:32-34
This completes the daily cycle of offerings during Sukkot.
Fyi: In all, 70 bulls were to be sacrificed!
The Haftarah reading for Sukkot Khol haMoed is Ezekiel 38:18 to 39:16
Below, you will find prompts and questions to help you unpack the p'shat of this text, just like the prompts above. This prophecy by Ezekiel describes a war with Gog, a person whose name and whose origins are unknown.
vv. 38:18-20
Who is Gog and what will he do? How will God respond? Who is God's anger directed towards?
vv. 38:21-23
What will happen due to God's anger at Gog? Who will marvel at this miraculous punishment?
v. 39:1
Others translate the phrase "you, O mortal" more literally as "you, son of man".
Who is this mortal, this son of man? What must he do/say?
vv. 39:2-5
What will happen to Gog's armies?
v. 39:6
Magog is generally thought to be a region or a country, not a person, and the word "secure" used in the text here is used ironically. What will happen to these "secure" people?
vv. 39:7-8
Why is God doing this, or causing this to happen?
vv. 39:9-10
What will Israel do? What do we learn about how big the armies of Gog were?
vv. 39:11-16
What is Israel commanded to do?