עַל הַמְּזוּזָה...

ByEran Shafir

Yehudit Garinkol via the PikiWiki - Israel free image collectio project

דברים ו׳

(ד) שְׁמַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ אֶחָֽד׃

(ה) וְאָ֣הַבְתָּ֔ אֵ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֥ וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וּבְכָל־מְאֹדֶֽךָ׃

(ו) וְהָי֞וּ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ הַיּ֖וֹם עַל־לְבָבֶֽךָ׃

(ז) וְשִׁנַּנְתָּ֣ם לְבָנֶ֔יךָ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֖ בָּ֑ם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֤ בְּבֵיתֶ֙ךָ֙ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ֣ בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּֽבְשָׁכְבְּךָ֖ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָ׃

(ח) וּקְשַׁרְתָּ֥ם לְא֖וֹת עַל־יָדֶ֑ךָ וְהָי֥וּ לְטֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֶֽיךָ׃

(ט) וּכְתַבְתָּ֛ם עַל־מְזוּזֹ֥ת בֵּיתֶ֖ךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃

Deuteronomy 6

(1) And this is the Instruction—the laws and the rules—that the LORD your God has commanded [me] to impart to you, to be observed in the land that you are about to cross into and occupy, (2) so that you, your children, and your children’s children may revere the LORD your God and follow, as long as you live, all His laws and commandments that I enjoin upon you, to the end that you may long endure. (3) Obey, O Israel, willingly and faithfully, that it may go well with you and that you may increase greatly [in] a land flowing with milk and honey, as the LORD, the God of your fathers, spoke to you. (4) Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD alone. (5) You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. (6) Take to heart these instructions with which I charge you this day. (7) Impress them upon your children. Recite them when you stay at home and when you are away, when you lie down and when you get up. (8) Bind them as a sign on your hand and let them serve as a symbol on your forehead; (9) inscribe them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates. (10) When the LORD your God brings you into the land that He swore to your fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to assign to you—great and flourishing cities that you did not build, (11) houses full of all good things that you did not fill, hewn cisterns that you did not hew, vineyards and olive groves that you did not plant—and you eat your fill, (12) take heed that you do not forget the LORD who freed you from the land of Egypt, the house of bondage. (13) Revere only the LORD your God and worship Him alone, and swear only by His name. (14) Do not follow other gods, any gods of the peoples about you— (15) for the LORD your God in your midst is an impassioned God—lest the anger of the LORD your God blaze forth against you and He wipe you off the face of the earth. (16) Do not try the LORD your God, as you did at Massah. (17) Be sure to keep the commandments, decrees, and laws that the LORD your God has enjoined upon you. (18) Do what is right and good in the sight of the LORD, that it may go well with you and that you may be able to possess the good land that the LORD your God promised on oath to your fathers, (19) and that all your enemies may be driven out before you, as the LORD has spoken. (20) When, in time to come, your children ask you, “What mean the decrees, laws, and rules that the LORD our God has enjoined upon you?” (21) you shall say to your children, “We were slaves to Pharaoh in Egypt and the LORD freed us from Egypt with a mighty hand. (22) The LORD wrought before our eyes marvelous and destructive signs and portents in Egypt, against Pharaoh and all his household; (23) and us He freed from there, that He might take us and give us the land that He had promised on oath to our fathers. (24) Then the LORD commanded us to observe all these laws, to revere the LORD our God, for our lasting good and for our survival, as is now the case. (25) It will be therefore to our merit before the LORD our God to observe faithfully this whole Instruction, as He has commanded us.”

דברים י״א

(יג) וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־שָׁמֹ֤עַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מִצְוֺתַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם לְאַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ וּלְעָבְד֔וֹ בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶֽם׃

(יד) וְנָתַתִּ֧י מְטַֽר־אַרְצְכֶ֛ם בְּעִתּ֖וֹ יוֹרֶ֣ה וּמַלְק֑וֹשׁ וְאָסַפְתָּ֣ דְגָנֶ֔ךָ וְתִֽירֹשְׁךָ֖ וְיִצְהָרֶֽךָ׃

(טו) וְנָתַתִּ֛י עֵ֥שֶׂב בְּשָׂדְךָ֖ לִבְהֶמְתֶּ֑ךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָֽעְתָּ׃

(טז) הִשָּֽׁמְר֣וּ לָכֶ֔ם פֶּ֥ן יִפְתֶּ֖ה לְבַבְכֶ֑ם וְסַרְתֶּ֗ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃

(יז) וְחָרָ֨ה אַף־יְהוָ֜ה בָּכֶ֗ם וְעָצַ֤ר אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה מָטָ֔ר וְהָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן אֶת־יְבוּלָ֑הּ וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֣ם מְהֵרָ֗ה מֵעַל֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶֽם׃

(יח) וְשַׂמְתֶּם֙ אֶת־דְּבָרַ֣י אֵ֔לֶּה עַל־לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וְעַֽל־נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וּקְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֤ם לְאוֹת֙ עַל־יֶדְכֶ֔ם וְהָי֥וּ לְטוֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֵיכֶֽם׃

(יט) וְלִמַּדְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֖ם לְדַבֵּ֣ר בָּ֑ם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֤ בְּבֵיתֶ֙ךָ֙ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ֣ בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּֽבְשָׁכְבְּךָ֖ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָ׃ (כ) וּכְתַבְתָּ֛ם עַל־מְזוּז֥וֹת בֵּיתֶ֖ךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃

(כא) לְמַ֨עַן יִרְבּ֤וּ יְמֵיכֶם֙ וִימֵ֣י בְנֵיכֶ֔ם עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם כִּימֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Deuteronomy 11

(1) Love, therefore, the LORD your God, and always keep His charge, His laws, His rules, and His commandments. (2) Take thought this day that it was not your children, who neither experienced nor witnessed the lesson of the LORD your God— His majesty, His mighty hand, His outstretched arm; (3) the signs and the deeds that He performed in Egypt against Pharaoh king of Egypt and all his land; (4) what He did to Egypt’s army, its horses and chariots; how the LORD rolled back upon them the waters of the Sea of Reeds when they were pursuing you, thus destroying them once and for all; (5) what He did for you in the wilderness before you arrived in this place; (6) and what He did to Dathan and Abiram, sons of Eliab son of Reuben, when the earth opened her mouth and swallowed them, along with their households, their tents, and every living thing in their train, from amidst all Israel— (7) but that it was you who saw with your own eyes all the marvelous deeds that the LORD performed. (8) Keep, therefore, all the Instruction that I enjoin upon you today, so that you may have the strength to enter and take possession of the land that you are about to cross into and possess, (9) and that you may long endure upon the soil that the LORD swore to your fathers to assign to them and to their heirs, a land flowing with milk and honey. (10) For the land that you are about to enter and possess is not like the land of Egypt from which you have come. There the grain you sowed had to be watered by your own labors, like a vegetable garden; (11) but the land you are about to cross into and possess, a land of hills and valleys, soaks up its water from the rains of heaven. (12) It is a land which the LORD your God looks after, on which the LORD your God always keeps His eye, from year’s beginning to year’s end. (13) If, then, you obey the commandments that I enjoin upon you this day, loving the LORD your God and serving Him with all your heart and soul, (14) I will grant the rain for your land in season, the early rain and the late. You shall gather in your new grain and wine and oil— (15) I will also provide grass in the fields for your cattle—and thus you shall eat your fill. (16) Take care not to be lured away to serve other gods and bow to them. (17) For the LORD’s anger will flare up against you, and He will shut up the skies so that there will be no rain and the ground will not yield its produce; and you will soon perish from the good land that the LORD is assigning to you. (18) Therefore impress these My words upon your very heart: bind them as a sign on your hand and let them serve as a symbol on your forehead, (19) and teach them to your children—reciting them when you stay at home and when you are away, when you lie down and when you get up; (20) and inscribe them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates— (21) to the end that you and your children may endure, in the land that the LORD swore to your fathers to assign to them, as long as there is a heaven over the earth. (22) If, then, you faithfully keep all this Instruction that I command you, loving the LORD your God, walking in all His ways, and holding fast to Him, (23) the LORD will dislodge before you all these nations: you will dispossess nations greater and more numerous than you. (24) Every spot on which your foot treads shall be yours; your territory shall extend from the wilderness to the Lebanon and from the River—the Euphrates—to the Western Sea. (25) No man shall stand up to you: the LORD your God will put the dread and the fear of you over the whole land in which you set foot, as He promised you. (26) See, this day I set before you blessing and curse: (27) blessing, if you obey the commandments of the LORD your God that I enjoin upon you this day; (28) and curse, if you do not obey the commandments of the LORD your God, but turn away from the path that I enjoin upon you this day and follow other gods, whom you have not experienced. (29) When the LORD your God brings you into the land that you are about to enter and possess, you shall pronounce the blessing at Mount Gerizim and the curse at Mount Ebal.— (30) Both are on the other side of the Jordan, beyond the west road that is in the land of the Canaanites who dwell in the Arabah—near Gilgal, by the terebinths of Moreh. (31) For you are about to cross the Jordan to enter and possess the land that the LORD your God is assigning to you. When you have occupied it and are settled in it, (32) take care to observe all the laws and rules that I have set before you this day.

משנה ברכות ג׳:ג׳

נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים

פְּטוּרִין מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין,

וְחַיָּבִין בִּתְפִלָּה וּבִמְזוּזָה, וּבְבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן:

Mishnah Berakhot 3:3

Women, slaves, and minors are exempt from reciting Shema and from tefillin and are obligated in [reciting] Shemoneh Esrei and in [affixing a] Mezuzah and in [reciting] Birkat HaMazon.

משנה תורה, הלכות תפילין ומזוזה וספר תורה ו׳:א׳

עֲשָׂרָה תְּנָאִין יֵשׁ בַּבַּיִת וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִתְחַיֵּב הַדָּר בּוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ מְזוּזָה. וְאִם חָסֵר תְּנַאי אֶחָד מֵהֶן פָּטוּר מִן הַמְּזוּזָה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן.

שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בּוֹ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת אוֹ יָתֵר.

וְשֶׁתִּהְיֶינָה לוֹ שְׁתֵּי מְזוּזוֹת.

וְיִהְיֶה לוֹ מַשְׁקוֹף.

וְתִהְיֶה לוֹ תִּקְרָה.

וְיִהְיוּ לוֹ דְּלָתוֹת.

וְיִהְיֶה הַשַּׁעַר גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אוֹ יוֹתֵר.

וְיִהְיֶה הַבַּיִת חֹל.

וְיִהְיֶה עָשׂוּי לְדִירַת אָדָם.

וְעָשׂוּי לְדִירַת כָּבוֹד.

וְעָשׂוּי לְדִירַת קֶבַע:

Mishneh Torah, Tefillin, Mezuzah and the Torah Scroll 6:1

There are ten conditions which must exist in a dwelling, to put the occupant under an obligation to affix a Mezuzah. If one of these is absent, he is exempt. These are as follows: The dwelling must have a superficial area of four cubits by four cubits or more; it must have two door-posts, a lintel, a roof and doors; the entrance should be ten hand-breadths high or more; it must be a secular (not a sacred) structure; it must have been erected for human occupancy, for honored use (not a lavatory), and built for permanent habitation.

ספר החינוך תכ״ג:א׳

לקבע מזוזה בפתחים - לקבע מזוזה במזוזת ביתנו, שנאמר (דברים ו ט) וכתבתם על מזזות ביתך ובשעריך. וענין המזוזה הוא, שכותבין שתי פרשיות מן התורה בקלף אחד, והן שמע עד ובשעריך, והיה אם שמע עד על הארץ, וקובעין אותה במזוזת פתח הבית.

Sefer HaChinukh 423:1

To affix a mezuzah on entrances: To affix a mezuzah on the doorposts of our homes, as it is stated (Deuteronomy 6:9), "And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates." And the content of the mezuzah is that we write two sections of the Torah on one parchment - and they are 'Hear Israel,' until 'and in your gates'; [and] 'And it shall be if you listen,' until 'upon the earth.' And we affix them to the doorposts of the opening of the house.

מזוזה של שירים / שיר תפילה לזלדה

הרצל חקק

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם לְיַד הַדֶּלֶת. הַמַּשְׁקוֹף
מִתְקַלֵּף בְּשָׁעָה מְהַרְהֶרֶת. אוֹר
מִתְמַעֵט. הַמְּזוּזָה צוֹפָה לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת.
הָאֲוִיר נִרְאֶה שָׁקֵט. לְנֹגַהּ פָּנֶיהָ
צֶבַע הַשָּׁמַיִם נוֹטֶה.
זֶה הַזְּמָן לְכַפִּית שֶׁל קְדוּשָׁה
וּלְסֵפֶל צָנוּעַ שֶׁל תֵּה.

בִּלְבַב הַבַּיִת הַפָּשׁוּט
אֱמוּנָה צְפוּנָה רָחֲשָׁה.
הַקִּירוֹת חָשׁוּ אֶת הַכַּרְמֶל
שֶׁבְּנַפְשָׁהּ. בִּרְחוֹב צְפַנְיָה
גָּמְעָה הָחָצֵר אוֹרוֹת כְּמוּסִים
מִבַּעַד בַּרְזִלֵּי הַגְּזוּזְטְרָה
הַהֲרוּסִים. מִלִּים נִגּוּנִים
הִכּוּ כְּצִפּוֹר צִבְעוֹנִית
עַל הַחַלּוֹן הַכָּמֵהַּ.
יְדוֹבְבוּ יָמֶיהָ. קְסָמֶיהָ.

מֵרִצְפָּתָהּ הַבּוֹעֶרֶת הַנֵּר
תּוֹהֶה. שׁוֹאֵב מִן הַיֹּפִי הָאִי-נִרְאֶה.
פְּסוּקִים שֶׁלֹּא כָּבוּ. מַשְׁכִּים לְדַפֶּיהָ
מְחוֹז חֲלוֹמוֹת אָבוּד.
לִבָּהּ לְיַד הַמַּשְׁקוֹף. רוֹעֵד וְקַשּׁוּב.
שְפָתֶיהָ נָעוּ לָחֲשׁוּ. הַקִּירוֹת אֵינָם
מַחֲסֶה. וּבְקוּלְמוּסָהּ אֵינְסוֹף.
מִדַּם חַיֶּיהָ, נִיצוֹצוֹת.
זְרָעִים, מַעְיָנוֹת. הַכֹּל בְּמַלְמָלוֹת.
קְלָף גְּנוּזוֹת. שׁוּרָה
שׁוּרָה. שִׁירָה מְטַפְטֶפֶת מְזוּזוֹת.

בְּאוֹתָהּ שְׁכוּנָה, הַבָּתִּים וְהָאֲנָשִׁים
חִכּוּ נוֹאָשִׁים. לְעוֹד צְלִיל. לִצְפוּנוֹת
כּמוֹ "קִדּוּשׁ", "הַדְלִיקוּ נֵר". וּלְיַד טוֹטָפָוֹת
וּבָתֵּי עֲרָפֶל לֹא נִשְׁכָּח. שִׁיר זַךְ:
"הַיָּרֵחַ מְלַמֵּד תַּנַ"ךְ".
קְלַף הַמַּשְקוֹף מִתְנַגֵּן שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל, שׁוֹמֵעַ
מְגִלָּה מוּאֶרֶת מִמַּחְבֶּרֶת.
שִׁירָתָהּ עַל חַיַּי, עַל הַבַּיִת. שׁוֹמֶרֶת.

הַשָּׁעָה הַנּוֹהֶרֶת חִוֶּרֶת. צֶבַע הַשָּׁמַיִם נָטָה.
סֵפֶל הַתֵּה שֶׁלָּהּ חַיֵּי קֹדֶשׁ שָׁתָה. לְרֶגַע
לֹא נָח. לְיַד הַנֶּצַח
צֹפֶן פָּנִים תָּמִים. פַּשְׁטוּת. שָׁבִיס
שֶׁל דִּמְדּוּמִים. יֹפִי נוֹשֵׁם. לְכָל שִׁיר
יֵשׁ שֵׁם. הוֹד מֵגֵן
בִּלְתִּי נִשְׁכָּח. רוֹאֶה חַיֵּינוּ
וְאֵינוֹ נִרְאֶּה.

יורה דעה רפ״ה:א׳

שכר מצות מזוזה. ובו ב' סעיפים:
מצות עשה לכתוב פ' שמע והיה אם שמוע ולקבעם על מזוזת הפתח וצריך ליזהר בה מאד וכל הזהיר בה יאריכו ימיו וימי בניו ואם אינו זהיר בה יתקצרו: הגה ומ"מ אם אין ידו משגת לקנות תפילין ומזוזה יקנה תפילין ולא מזוזה (ירושלמי סוף מגילה ובא"ח סי' נ"ח סי"ב) דמצוה שהיא חובת הגוף עדיפא:

Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 285:1

...

יורה דעה רפ״ה:ב׳

נתינתה בטפח החיצון: הגה י"א כשאדם יוצא מן הבית יניח ידו על המזוזה (מהרי"ל שם ומוכח בעבודת כוכבים דף י"א) ויאמר ה' ישמר צאתי וגו' (במדרש) וכן כשיכנס אדם לבית יניח ידו על המזוזה:

Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 285:2

...