Insertions in the Recitation of the Shemoneh Esrei

For Maariv, shachrit, and Minchah, one should daven Shemoneh Esrei, and should say yaleh Viyavo in Ritzay

R. Hiyya b. Abba said the Tefillah[6] and then said another. R. Zera asked him, "Why did the master act so? Is it because the master did not direct his heart [with the first] ? But R. Eleazar has said : A man should always examine himself; if he can direct his heart, then let him pray, but if not, he should not pray ! Or is it because the master did not include the reference to the New Moon [in the first Tefillah][7]? But there is a teaching: If a man erred and omitted the reference to the New Moon in the evening Tefillah, we do not require him to repeat it, because he can say it in the morning Tefillah; [if he omitted it] in the morning, we do not require him to repeat it, because he can say it in the additional Tefillah ; [if he omitted it] in the additional Tefillah, we do not require him to repeat it, because he can say it in the afternoon ! " He replied, "Has it not been reported in this connection : R. Johanan declared that this teaching applies only to a Congregation[8]?"

If one did not say it (Yaaleh veyavo) during Shachrit or Minchah, he is required to go back and say it

Mishnah: When is the time, one should begin to mention “the Power of rains?” Rabbi Eliezer says from the first day of the holiday. Rabbi Yehushua says From the last day of the Festival. Rabbi Yehushua said {to Rabbi Eliezer} Since the rain on Succot is a sign of curse, why should it be mentioned in the prayers? Rabbi Eliezer said {to Rabbi Yehushua} Never did I say that one must pray for the rain, but only that it should be mentioned in the following words, "He causes the winds to blow, and the rain to fall in the proper season." He said {Rabbi Yehushua to Rabbi Eliezer} Then should this mention not be be said throughout the year? [The Mishnah Rules:] We do not request rain except close to the rainy season (Shemini Atzeret). Rabbi Yehudah says, "The one who goes before the Ark on the last Yom Tov of the festival, the latter one (the one who leads Musaf) mentions it, but the first one (the one who leads Shachrit), doesn't mention it. On the first Yom Tov of Pesach, the first one mentions it, but the latter one does not mention it.

It is forbidden to mention rain until the Chazzan announces it. But if one knows that the Chazzan has announced it, even though he did not hear [the announcement], then he should mention [rain in his prayers]. For this reason if one comes to the shul and finds the congregation already praying, he should pray and mention rain even though he did not hear it from the Chazzan.

Rabbi Chanina said... "In the winter, if one did not say 'He makes the wind blow away', he does not have to return. If one did not say 'He makes the rain fall', he must return.

Where do we recite the prayer of a fast (Aneinu)?R. Yehudah directed R. Yitzchak his son, and expounded: An individual who accepts upon himself a fast should pray tefillat ta'anit[Aneinu]. And where should he say it [in Shemoneh Esrei]? Between Go'el [the seventh blessing] and Rofei [the eighth blessing]. R. Yitzchak objected: Does an individual establish a blessing for himself? Rather, R. Yitzchak said: In Shomea Tefillah [the fifteenth blessing]. And so did R. Sheshet say: In Shomea Tefillah.

Overall Halakhot: Say it in In Shomea Tefillah, and the sheliach tzibbur says it between Go'el and Rofei.

Some say that an individual should not insert Aneinu except during Minchah, lest he is afflicted by Bulmus [a condition for which he must eat] and he turns to have lied in his prayer. However, the sheliach tzibbur should say it during Shachrit when he prays out loud, as some members of the community must be fasting. And on the four fast days, even an individual recited it in all of his prayers, as even if he would be afflicted by a bulmus and would eat, it is still appropriate to say "answer us [Aneinu] ou our fast day," and the rabbis established it as a day to fast.

Aneinu in Shomea Tefillah. An individual should say Aneinu then, but a chazan should say it in his repetition of the prayer as an independent blessing with a conclusion, between the blessing Go'el and Rofei.