Akeidat Yithak - Was Sarah the Angel? Midrash and Midrashic Art
בסוד הכנסת אורחים האלו של אברהם אבינו יש שלשה עניינים גדולים, ובסעודה הזו נתבשרו אברהם אבינו ושרה אמנו על יצחק אבינו הנעקד בהר המוריה. ונגד ג' העניינים ההם יש ג' טעמים למה נקרא המוריה, וכמו שכתב רש"י ז"ל (בראשית כב, ב) הגה"הכך הוא הנוסחא ברש"י בספר ישן, וכן הוא בבראשית רבה: המוריה ירושלים, וכן בד"ה בית לה', בהר המוריה. ורבותינו פירשו בב"ר (נה, ט), על שם שמשם יוצאת הוראה לישראל, וממנו יבוא מורא לאומות העולם. ואונקלוס תרגום על שם הקטורת שיש בה מר דרור ושאר סמים, עד כאן לשונו:
This particular act of הכנסת אורחים on the part of our patriarch Abraham involved three profound truths, and during the meal Abraham and Sarah were already alerted to the eventual עקדת יצחק, binding of Isaac on Mount Moriah. When Rashi in Genesis 22,2 mentions three different reasons why the Mountain is called Mount Moriah, these three names reflect the three truths revealed to Abraham during that meal. Rashi personally equates Moriah with Jerusalem, quoting Chronicles II 3,1 as his source. Bereshit Rabbah 55,7 describes the name as indicating the site whence הוראה, (moral) instruction to Israel originates. This is also the site from which reverence for. G–d emanates. Onkelos sees in the name a reference to the incense-offering which contains מור, דרור and other spices.

(ד) וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אָמַר לוֹ הָאֱלֹהִים וַיַּעֲקֹד אֶת יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ. כְּשֶׁבָּא לִשְׁחֹט, אָמַר לוֹ: אַבָּא, אָסְרֵנִי יָדַי וְרַגְלַי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַנֶּפֶשׁ חֲצוּפָה הִיא וּכְשֶׁאֶרְאֶה אֶת הַמַּאֲכֶלֶת שֶׁמָּא אֶזְדַּעְזַע וְיִפָּסֵל הַקָּרְבָּן, בְּבַקָּשָׁה מִמְּךָ אַל תַּעַשׂ בִּי מוּם. מִיָּד, וַיִּשְׁלַח אַבְרָהָם אֶת יָדוֹ וַיִּקַּח אֶת הַמַּאֲכֶלֶת לִשְׁחֹט. אָמַר לוֹ: אַבָּא, לֹא תוֹדִיעַ אֶת אִמִּי כְּשֶׁהִיא עוֹמֶדֶת עַל הַבּוֹר אוֹ כְּשֶׁהִיא עוֹמֶדֶת עַל הַגַּג, שֶׁמָּא תַפִּיל אֶת עַצְמָהּ וְתָמוּת. מִיָּד בָּנוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וַעֲקָדוֹ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְנָטַל אֶת הַסַּכִּין כְּדֵי לְשָׁחֳטוֹ עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ רְבִיעִית דָּמוֹ. וּבָא הַשָּׂטָן וְדָחַף יָדוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם וְנָפְלָה הַסַּכִּין מִיָּדוֹ. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁשָּׁלַח יָדוֹ לְקַחְתָּהּ, יָצְאָה בַת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה לוֹ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, אַל תִּשְׁלַח יָדְךָ אֶל הַנַּעַר. וְאִלּוּלֵי כֵן, כְּבָר הָיָה נִשְׁחָט.

(4) And they came to the place which God had told him of … and bound Isaac, his son (ibid., v. 9). As Abraham was about to slaughter him, Isaac cried out: “Father, bind my hands and feet, for the will to live is strong within me, and when I see the knife descending, I may tremble and the offering may become defective (as a result of the knife slipping). I implore you not to make me a blemished offering.” The Abraham stretched forth his hand and took the knife to slay his son (ibid., v. 10). Isaac said to him: “Father, do not tell my mother about this while she is standing at the edge of a pit or a roof lest she hurl herself down and die.” After they had constructed the altar, Abraham bound Isaac upon it and took the knife in hand to slaughter him until a fourth of a measure of blood would flow from his body, Satan appeared and pushed Abraham’s hand, causing the knife to fall. As he reached out to grasp the knife again, a voice emanated from heaven, saying: Lay not thy hand upon the lad (ibid., w. 13). If this had not happened, Isaac would certainly have been sacrificed.

(ה) בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה הָלַךְ הַשָּׂטָן אֵצֶל שָׂרָה וְנִדְמָה לָהּ כִּדְמוּת יִצְחָק. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאֲתָה אוֹתוֹ אָמְרָה לוֹ: בְּנִי, מֶה עָשָׂה לְךָ אָבִיךָ? אָמַר לָהּ: נְטַלַנִי אָבִי וְהֶעֱלַנִי הָרִים וְהוֹרִידַנִי בְקָעוֹת וְהֶעֱלַנִי לְרֹאשׁ הַר אֶחָד וּבָנוּ מִזְבֵּחַ וְסִדֵּר הַמַּעֲרָכָה וְהֶעֱרִיךְ אֶת הָעֵצִים וְעָקַד אוֹתִי עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְלָקַח אֶת הַסַּכִּין לְשָׁחֳטֵנִי. וְאִלּוּלֵי שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אַל תִּשְׁלַח יָדְךָ אֶל הַנַּעַר, כְּבָר הָיִיתִי נִשְׁחָט. לֹא הִסְפִּיק לִגְמֹר אֶת הַדָּבָר עַד שֶׁיָּצְאָה נִשְׁמָתָהּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב, וַיָּבֹא אַבְרָהָם לִסְפֹּד לְשָׂרָה וְלִבְכֹּתָהּ. מֵהֵיכָן בָּא? מֵהַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה.

(5) While all this was transpiring, Satan visited Sarah in the guise of Isaac. When she saw him she asked: “What did your father do to you, my son?” He replied: “My father led me over mountains and through valleys until we finally reached the top of a certain mountain. There he erected an altar, arranged the firewood, bound me upon the altar, and took a knife to slaughter me. If the Holy One, blessed be He, had not called out, Lay not thy hand upon the lad, I would have been slaughtered.” He had hardly completed relating what had transpired when she fainted and died, as it is written: And Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her (ibid. 23:2). From where did he come? From Moriah.

Yitchak Frankel, 1960

וכשבא אברהם מהר המוריה, חרה אפו של סמא״ל, שראה שלא עלתה בידו תאות לבו לבטל קרבנו של אברהם, מה עשה, הלך ואמ׳ לשרה, אי שרה, לא שמעת מה שנעשה בעולם, אמרה לו לאו, אמ׳ לה לקח אישך הזקן לנער יצחק והקריבו לעולה, והנער בוכה ומייליל שלא יכול להנצל, מיד התחילה בוכה ומייללת, בכתה שלש בכיות כנגד שלש תקיעות, שלש יללות כנגד שלש יבבות, ופרחה נשמתה ומתה.
When Abraham returned from Mount Moriah in peace, the anger of Sammael8 Midrash Haggadol, c. 324, reads, “Satan.” On Sammael’s discomfiture see Jubilees xviii. 9 and 12. The name Sammael (i.e. the Devil) occurs in Christian books, e.g. in the Acts of Andrew and Matthew (in A.N.C.L. xvi. p. 362). was kindled, for he saw that the desire of his heart to frustrate the offering of our father Abraham had not been realized. What did he do? He went and said to Sarah: Hast thou not heard what has happened in the world? She said to him: No. He said to her: Thy husband, Abraham,1 See Tanchuma (ed. Buber), Gen. 57b; Pesiḳta Rabbathi xl.; Jalḳuṭ, Gen. § 98; T.B. Giṭṭin, 57b, and the Book of Jashar xxiii. 77. The first editions omit Abraham and read “the old man.” has taken thy son Isaac and slain him and offered him up as a burnt offering upon the altar.2 The first editions add: “And the lad wept, and cried aloud because he could not be saved.” She began to weep and to cry aloud three times,3 Lit. “weepings.” corresponding to the three sustained notes (of the Shophar),4 i.e. the Teḳi‘oth. and (she gave forth) three howlings corresponding to the three disconnected short notes5 This is the “Teru‘a”; cf. Mishnah, Rosh Ha-Shanah (iv. 9), p. 16a. (of the Shophar), and her soul fled, and she died.6 See Lev. Rab. xx. 2, and Eccles. Rab. to Eccles. ix. 1. According to these Midrashim it is Isaac who tells Sarah the story of the ‘Aḳedah. See Tanchuma, in loc. According to this version Satan, in the guise of Isaac, tells the tale. See also Midrash Haggadol, loc. cit.