Mishna, Sanhedrin 4:1

Monetary and capital cases alike require inquiry and examination, as it is written, "You shall have one manner of law" (Leviticus 24:22). What is the difference between monetary and capital cases? Monetary suits by three [judges], and capital cases by twenty-three. Monetary suits, they open either for non-liability or for liability; but capital cases, they open for acquittal, and not for conviction. Monetary suits are decided by [a vote spread of] one, whether for non-liability or for liability; but capital cases are decided by one for acquittal, and by two for conviction. Monetary suits [can be appealed], whether for non-liability or for liability; capital cases return for acquittal, and do not return for conviction. Monetary suits - all argue non-liability and liability; capital cases - all argue acquittal, and not all argue conviction. Monetary suits - the person who argues liability argues non-liability, and the person who argues non-liability argues liability; capital cases - the person who argues conviction argues acquittal, but the person who argues acquittal may not return and argue conviction. Monetary suits are judged during the day and are completed during the night; capital cases are judged during the day and are completed during the day. Monetary suits are completed on the same day, whether for non-liability or for liability; capital cases are completed on the same day for acquittal, and on the following day for conviction. Therefore they do not judge, neither on the eve of a Shabbat nor on the eve of a Festival. [Moreshet translation]