Babylonian Talmud, Kiddushin 56b
תלמוד בבלי מסכת קידושין דף נו עמוד ב
לאו עכברא גנב אלא חורא גנב. ואי לא עכברא, חורא מאי קעביד? מסתברא, כל היכא דאיכא איסורא התם קנסינן
It is not the mouse who steals, but the hole steals! Yet but for the mouse, what harm is done by the hole! — It seems rather that where the transgression lies, there we impose a penalty. [Translation by Uri L’Tzedek]

Suggested Discussion Questions:

1. Why does the text initially assume that the hole steals and not the mouse? Why does it conclude that the mouse is the culprit?

2. Is it fair to blame people because of their circumstances? At what point do people switch from passive to active?

Time Period: Rabbinic (Maccabees through the Talmud)