Emmanuel Levinas, Nine Talmudic Readings: Toward the Other, p. 27
To punish children for the faults of their parents is less dreadful than to tolerate impunity when the stranger is injured. Let passersby know this: in Israel, princes die a horrible death because strangers were injured by the sovereign. The respect for the stranger and the sanctification of the name of the Eternal are strangely equivalent.[Translated from French by Annette Aronowicz]

Suggested Discussion Questions:

1. Who is the stranger? Why is injury to strangers deserving of such harsh punishment?

2. Why are respect for the stranger and sanctification of God equivalent?

3. Who are the strangers in our society today?

Time Period: Modern (Spinoza through post-WWII)