Early Childhood Educators - The Potential and Connection
Babylonian Talmud, Baba Batra 21a
דאמר רב יהודה אמר רב ברם זכור אותו האיש לטוב ויהושע בן גמלא שמו שאלמלא הוא נשתכח תורה מישראל שבתחלה מי שיש לו אב מלמדו תורה מי שאין לו אב לא היה למד תורה מאי דרוש +דברים י"א+ ולמדתם אותם ולמדתם אתם התקינו שיהו מושיבין מלמדי תינוקות בירושלים מאי דרוש +ישעיהו ב'+ כי מציון תצא תורה ועדיין מי שיש לו אב היה מעלו ומלמדו מי שאין לו אב לא היה עולה ולמד התקינו שיהו מושיבין בכל פלך ופלך ומכניסין אותן כבן ט"ז כבן י"ז ומי שהיה רבו כועס עליו מבעיט בו ויצא עד שבא יהושע בן גמלא ותיקן שיהו מושיבין מלמדי תינוקות בכל מדינה ומדינה ובכל עיר ועיר ומכניסין אותן כבן שש כבן שבע
Rav Yehudah has told us in the name of Rav: the name of that man is to be blessed, and his name is Yehoshua ben Gamla, for but for him the Torah would have been forgotten from Israel. For at first if a child had a parent, the parent taught him, and if they had no parent, they did not learn at all. What [verse] guided them? "And you shall teach them to your children" (Deuteronomy 11), laying the emphasis on the word "you". They then made an ordinance that teachers of children should be appointed in Jerusalem. What verse guided them? "For from Zion shall the Torah go forth" (Isaiah 2). Even so, however, if a child had a parent, the parent would take them up to Jerusalem and have them taught there, and if not, they would not go up to learn there. They therefore ordained that teachers should be appointed in each area, and that children should enter school at the age of sixteen or seventeen. But if the teachers punished them, they would simply rebel and leave. Then came Yehoshua ben Gamla and decreed that teachers of young children should be appointed in each county, and each town. and that children should enter school at the age of six or seven. [translation by Soncino, edited for accessibility and gender neutrality]
Suggested Discussion Questions

1. What is the relationship between the different elements of Yehoshua ben Gamla's reforms: lowering the age of schooling and increasing the density of teachers?
2. How are adolescence and the act of education understood here?
3. What systems, beyond education, are amenable to the same kinds of reforms?

Proverbs 22:6
חֲנֹךְ לַנַּעַר עַל פִּי דַרְכּוֹ גַּם כִּי יַזְקִין לֹא יָסוּר מִמֶּנָּה:
Train up a child in the way he should go, and even when he is old, he will not depart from it. [JPS]
Suggested Discussion Questions

1. Is this an effective model for education? Is this a modern model?
2. Do we hope that our children "not depart" from the education, or training, that we provide?
3. What are the responsibilities of parents in teaching children a sense of social responsibility?

Babylonian Talmud, Kiddushin 30b
תנינא להא דת"ר: האב חייב בבנו למולו, ולפדותו, וללמדו תורה, ולהשיאו אשה, וללמדו אומנות; וי"א: אף להשיטו במים; רבי יהודה אומר: כל שאינו מלמד את בנו אומנות - מלמדו ליסטות. ליסטות ס"ד? אלא, כאילו מלמדו ליסטות .מאי בינייהו? איכא בינייהו, דאגמריה עיסקא.
The rabbis taught: A father has these [Biblical] obligations to his son: to circumcise him, to redeem him, to teach him Torah, to get him a wife, and to teach him a trade. Some say, also to teach him to swim. Rabbi Judah said, "Anyone who does not teach his son a trade teaches him thievery." Thievery? Really? Rather, "it is as though he teaches him thievery." What is the difference between the two? Whether or not one can teach his child business.
Suggested Discussion Questions

1. Why these five (or six) categories? What does these educational values represent?
2. Why must a father teach a trade? What is the moral of sustainability?
3. How do you interpret the last line?

Talmud, Sanhedrin, 19b
כל המלמד בן חבירו תורה מעלה עליו הכתוב כאילו ילדו
One who teaches a child, it’s as if s/he had created it
Suggested Discussion Questions

When was the last time you helped a child learn to read?