מהרי קרא
שמואל א כה א וימת שמואל..מה לנו להזכיר כאן מיתתו של שמואל אלא להודיע אילו היה שמואל קיים לא היה דוד אומר למטה אם נותר לנבל עד אור הבוקר.... לפי שהיה מתיירא משמואל
Mahari Kra (R' Yosef Karo)
I Samuel 25:1 And Samuel died..why should the text mention the death of Samuel (here)? Rather to tell us that had Samuel still been alive, David would not have said below" ..there would not have been left to Naval until daybreak etc.. " since he would have been afraid of Samuel
מלבים
שמואל א כה א
כל ימי חיי שמואל לא נגלה הדבר ששמואל משח את דוד כי ירא מלגלות כמו שכתוב ושמע שאול והרגני. ובמות שמואל נתגלה הדבר או על ידי שמואל עצמו לפני מותו או על ידי תלמידיו אחרי כן ...
Malbim
I Samuel 25:1
All the days of Samuel, it was not publicly known that Samuel had annointed David; he was afraid to reveal (this information) like it is written (I Samuel 16:2) "Saul will hear and kill me." With the death of Samuel, this fact was revealed via Samuel himself before he died or through his disciples after his death...
(א) וַיִּשָּׂ֨א יַעֲקֹ֜ב עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה עֵשָׂ֣ו בָּ֔א וְעִמּ֕וֹ אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּ֣חַץ אֶת־הַיְלָדִ֗ים עַל־לֵאָה֙ וְעַל־רָחֵ֔ל וְעַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֥י הַשְּׁפָחֽוֹת׃
(1) And Jacob lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, Esau came, and with him four hundred men. And he divided the children unto Leah, and unto Rachel, and unto the two handmaids.
(יג) וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חִגְר֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֗וֹ וַֽיַּחְגְּרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֔וֹ וַיַּחְגֹּ֥ר גַּם־דָּוִ֖ד אֶת־חַרְבּ֑וֹ וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד כְּאַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ אִ֔ישׁ וּמָאתַ֖יִם יָשְׁב֥וּ עַל־הַכֵּלִֽים׃
(13) And David said unto his men: ‘Gird ye on every man his sword.’ And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword; and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the baggage.
(לד) כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ עֵשָׂו֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו וַיִּצְעַ֣ק צְעָקָ֔ה גְּדֹלָ֥ה וּמָרָ֖ה עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאָבִ֔יו בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־אָ֖נִי אָבִֽי׃
(34) When Esau heard the words of his father, he cried with an exceeding great and bitter cry, and said unto his father: ‘Bless me, even me also, O my father.’
(ב) וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ אֵ֠לָיו כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ מָצ֜וֹק וְכָל־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֤וֹ נֹשֶׁא֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ מַר־נֶ֔פֶשׁ וַיְהִ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְשָׂ֑ר וַיִּהְי֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ כְּאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃
(2) And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.
(כה) וַיֵּצֵ֤א הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ אַדְמוֹנִ֔י כֻּלּ֖וֹ כְּאַדֶּ֣רֶת שֵׂעָ֑ר וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ שְׁמ֖וֹ עֵשָֽׂו׃
(25) And the first came forth ruddy, all over like a hairy mantle; and they called his name Esau.
(יב) וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח וַיְבִיאֵ֙הוּ֙ וְה֣וּא אַדְמוֹנִ֔י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה עֵינַ֖יִם וְט֣וֹב רֹ֑אִי (פ) וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה ק֥וּם מְשָׁחֵ֖הוּ כִּֽי־זֶ֥ה הֽוּא׃
(12) And he sent, and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, and withal of beautiful eyes, and goodly to look upon. And the LORD said: ‘Arise, anoint him; for this is he.’
Bereishit Rabba 63:8
When Shmuel saw the red David as it is written: "And he sent and brought him in. Now he was red (16:12), he became afraid and said: "He too will shed blood like Eisav." The Holy One blessed be He said to him: "With beautiful eyes (ibid). Eisav killed on his own disrection but this one will kill with the consent of the Sanhedrin.
Further Reading:
Creating Space Between Peshat and Drash by Hayyim Angel
YCT Tanach Companion: The Book of Samuel
מקבילות נפגשות/מקבילות ספרותיות בספר שמואל אמנון בזק
http://www.haretzion.org/torah Lectures in Shmuel Aleph by Rav Amnon Bazak