The Forgotten Bible: The Book of Proverbs

(א) מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בֶן־דָּוִ֑ד מֶ֝֗לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (ב) לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֣ה וּמוּסָ֑ר לְ֝הָבִ֗ין אִמְרֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃ (ג) לָ֭קַחַת מוּסַ֣ר הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃ (ד) לָתֵ֣ת לִפְתָאיִ֣ם עָרְמָ֑ה לְ֝נַ֗עַר דַּ֣עַת וּמְזִמָּֽה׃ (ה) יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְי֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה׃ (ו) לְהָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּמְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְחִידֹתָֽם׃ (ז) יִרְאַ֣ת ה' רֵאשִׁ֣ית דָּ֑עַת חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝מוּסָ֗ר אֱוִילִ֥ים בָּֽזוּ׃ (פ) (ח) שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃ (ט) כִּ֤י ׀ לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְרֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ וַ֝עֲנָקִ֗ים לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ׃

Proverbs 1:1-9

(1) The proverbs of Solomon son of David, king of Israel: (2) For learning wisdom and discipline; For understanding words of discernment; (3) For acquiring the discipline for success, Righteousness, justice, and equity; (4) For endowing the simple with shrewdness, The young with knowledge and foresight. (5) —The wise man, hearing them, will gain more wisdom; The discerning man will learn to be adroit; (6) For understanding proverb and epigram, The words of the wise and their riddles. (7) The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge; Fools despise wisdom and discipline. (8) My son, heed the discipline of your father, And do not forsake the instruction of your mother; (9) For they are a graceful wreath upon your head, A necklace about your throat.

מלכים א ג׳:ה׳-י״ד

(ה) בְּגִבְע֗וֹן נִרְאָ֧ה ה' אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בַּחֲל֣וֹם הַלָּ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹקִ֔ים שְׁאַ֖ל מָ֥ה אֶתֶּן־לָֽךְ׃ (ו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אַתָּ֨ה עָשִׂ֜יתָ עִם־עַבְדְּךָ֙ דָוִ֣ד אָבִי֮ חֶ֣סֶד גָּדוֹל֒ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ הָלַ֨ךְ לְפָנֶ֜יךָ בֶּאֱמֶ֧ת וּבִצְדָקָ֛ה וּבְיִשְׁרַ֥ת לֵבָ֖ב עִמָּ֑ךְ וַתִּשְׁמָר־ל֗וֹ אֶת־הַחֶ֤סֶד הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה וַתִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ בֵ֛ן יֹשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְא֖וֹ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ (ז) וְעַתָּה֙ ה' אֱלֹקָ֔י אַתָּה֙ הִמְלַ֣כְתָּ אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֔ תַּ֖חַת דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑י וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ נַ֣עַר קָטֹ֔ן לֹ֥א אֵדַ֖ע צֵ֥את וָבֹֽא׃ (ח) וְעַ֨בְדְּךָ֔ בְּת֥וֹךְ עַמְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחָ֑רְתָּ עַם־רָ֕ב אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִמָּנֶ֛ה וְלֹ֥א יִסָּפֵ֖ר מֵרֹֽב׃ (ט) וְנָתַתָּ֨ לְעַבְדְּךָ֜ לֵ֤ב שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֔ לְהָבִ֖ין בֵּֽין־ט֣וֹב לְרָ֑ע כִּ֣י מִ֤י יוּכַל֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֔ט אֶת־עַמְּךָ֥ הַכָּבֵ֖ד הַזֶּֽה׃ (י) וַיִּיטַ֥ב הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י אדושם כִּ֚י שָׁאַ֣ל שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃ (יא) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֱלֹקִ֜ים אֵלָ֗יו יַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁאַ֜לְתָּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה וְלֹֽא־שָׁאַ֨לְתָּ לְּךָ֜ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים וְלֹֽא־שָׁאַ֤לְתָּ לְּךָ֙ עֹ֔שֶׁר וְלֹ֥א שָׁאַ֖לְתָּ נֶ֣פֶשׁ אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁאַ֧לְתָּ לְּךָ֛ הָבִ֖ין לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ (יב) הִנֵּ֥ה עָשִׂ֖יתִי כִּדְבָרֶ֑יךָ הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ נָתַ֣תִּי לְךָ֗ לֵ֚ב חָכָ֣ם וְנָב֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּמ֙וֹךָ֙ לֹא־הָיָ֣ה לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְאַחֲרֶ֖יךָ לֹא־יָק֥וּם כָּמֽוֹךָ׃ (יג) וְגַ֨ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־שָׁאַ֙לְתָּ֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔ךְ גַּם־עֹ֖שֶׁר גַּם־כָּב֑וֹד אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־הָיָ֨ה כָמ֥וֹךָ אִ֛ישׁ בַּמְּלָכִ֖ים כָּל־יָמֶֽיךָ׃ (יד) וְאִ֣ם ׀ תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בִּדְרָכַ֗י לִשְׁמֹ֤ר חֻקַּי֙ וּמִצְוֺתַ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלַ֖ךְ דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֑יךָ וְהַאַרַכְתִּ֖י אֶת־יָמֶֽיךָ׃ (ס)

I Kings 3:5-14

(5) At Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon in a dream by night; and God said, “Ask, what shall I grant you?” (6) Solomon said, “You dealt most graciously with Your servant my father David, because he walked before You in faithfulness and righteousness and in integrity of heart. You have continued this great kindness to him by giving him a son to occupy his throne, as is now the case. (7) And now, O LORD my God, You have made Your servant king in place of my father David; but I am a young lad, with no experience in leadership. (8) Your servant finds himself in the midst of the people You have chosen, a people too numerous to be numbered or counted. (9) Grant, then, Your servant an understanding mind to judge Your people, to distinguish between good and bad; for who can judge this vast people of Yours?” (10) The Lord was pleased that Solomon had asked for this. (11) And God said to him, “Because you asked for this—you did not ask for long life, you did not ask for riches, you did not ask for the life of your enemies, but you asked for discernment in dispensing justice— (12) I now do as you have spoken. I grant you a wise and discerning mind; there has never been anyone like you before, nor will anyone like you arise again. (13) And I also grant you what you did not ask for—both riches and glory all your life—the like of which no king has ever had. (14) And I will further grant you long life, if you will walk in My ways and observe My laws and commandments, as did your father David.”

שיר השירים רבה א׳:א׳:י׳

שְׁלשָׁה סְפָרִים כָּתַב: מִשְׁלֵי, וְקֹהֶלֶת, שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים. אֵי זֶה מֵהֶן כָּתַב תְּחִלָּה, רַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה וְרַבִּי יוֹנָתָן, רַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה אָמַר מִשְׁלֵי כָּתַב תְּחִלָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ קֹהֶלֶת, וּמַיְתֵי לָהּ מֵהַאי קְרָא (מלכים א ה, יב): וַיְדַבֵּר שְׁלשֶׁת אֲלָפִים מָשָׁל, מָשָׁל זֶה סֵפֶר מִשְׁלֵי, וַיְהִי שִׁירוֹ חֲמִשָּׁה וָאָלֶף, זֶה שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים, וְקֹהֶלֶת בַּסּוֹף אָמַר. מַתְנְיָיתָא דְרַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה פְּלִיגָא עַל הָדֵין שְׁמַעְתָּא, מַתְנִיתָּא אָמְרָה שְׁלָשְׁתָּן כָּתַב כְּאַחַת, וּשְׁמַעְתָּא אָמְרָהּ כָּל חַד וְחַד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. תָּנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה רַק לְעֵת זִקְנַת שְׁלֹמֹה שָׁרְתָה עָלָיו רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְאָמַר שְׁלשָׁה סְפָרִים: מִשְׁלֵי, וְקֹהֶלֶת, וְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים. רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן אָמַר שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים כָּתַב תְּחִלָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מִשְׁלֵי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ קֹהֶלֶת, וּמַיְתֵי לָהּ רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן מִדֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ, כְּשֶׁאָדָם נַעַר אוֹמֵר דִּבְרֵי זֶמֶר, הִגְדִיל אוֹמֵר דִּבְרֵי מְשָׁלוֹת, הִזְקִין אוֹמֵר דִּבְרֵי הֲבָלִים. רַבִּי יַנַּאי חָמוּי דְּרַבִּי אַמֵּי אָמַר הַכֹּל מוֹדִים שֶׁקֹּהֶלֶת בַּסּוֹף אֲמָרָהּ.

Shir HaShirim Rabbah 1:1:10

[King Solomon] wrote three books: Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs. Which one did he write first? Rabbi Hiyya, Rabbah, and Rabbi Yochanan said Proverbs was written first, then Song of Songs, then Ecclesiastes, and based it on this source: (I Kings 5:12) "He composed three thousand proverbs," 'proverbs' is the book of Proverbs. "And his songs numbered one thousand and five," this is Song of Songs, and Ecclesiastes he wrote last ...

A text teaches that he wrote the three at the same time ...

Rabbi Hiyya and Rabbah taught that Solomon only had the holy spirit upon him during old age and wrote the three books: Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs.

Rabbi Yochanan said Song of Songs was written first, then Proverbs, then Ecclesiastes. And what is the basis for Rabbi Yochanan? From the way of the world - when a person is young he offers words of song, when he ages he offers proverbs, when he gets old he offers cynicism. Rabbi Yannai said in the name of Rabbi Ami: "All agree that Ecclesiastes was written last."

משלי ב׳:ט״ז-י״ט

(טז) לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה׃ (יז) הַ֭עֹזֶבֶת אַלּ֣וּף נְעוּרֶ֑יהָ וְאֶת־בְּרִ֖ית אֱלֹקֶ֣יהָ שָׁכֵֽחָה׃ (יח) כִּ֤י שָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְאֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽיהָ׃ (יט) כָּל־בָּ֭אֶיהָ לֹ֣א יְשׁוּב֑וּן וְלֹֽא־יַ֝שִּׂ֗יגוּ אָרְח֥וֹת חַיִּֽים׃

Proverbs 2:16-19

(16) It will save you from the forbidden woman, From the alien woman whose talk is smooth, (17) Who forsakes the companion of her youth And disregards the covenant of her God. (18) Her house sinks down to Death, And her course leads to the shades. (19) All who go to her cannot return And find again the paths of life.

משלי ג׳:י״ג-י״ט

(יג) אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה׃ (יד) כִּ֤י ט֣וֹב סַ֭חְרָהּ מִסְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף וּ֝מֵחָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ׃ (טו) יְקָ֣רָה הִ֭יא מפניים [מִפְּנִינִ֑ים] וְכָל־חֲ֝פָצֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א יִֽשְׁווּ־בָֽהּ׃ (טז) אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים בִּֽימִינָ֑הּ בִּ֝שְׂמֹאולָ֗הּ עֹ֣שֶׁר וְכָבֽוֹד׃ (יז) דְּרָכֶ֥יהָ דַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם וְֽכָל־נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣יהָ שָׁלֽוֹם׃ (יח) עֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים הִ֭יא לַמַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑הּ וְֽתֹמְכֶ֥יהָ מְאֻשָּֽׁר׃ (פ) (יט) ה' בְּחָכְמָ֥ה יָֽסַד־אָ֑רֶץ כּוֹנֵ֥ן שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם בִּתְבוּנָֽה׃

Proverbs 3:13-19

(13) Happy is the man who finds wisdom, The man who attains understanding. (14) Her value in trade is better than silver, Her yield, greater than gold. (15) She is more precious than rubies; All of your goods cannot equal her. (16) In her right hand is length of days, In her left, riches and honor. (17) Her ways are pleasant ways, And all her paths, peaceful. (18) She is a tree of life to those who grasp her, And whoever holds on to her is happy. (19) The LORD founded the earth by wisdom; He established the heavens by understanding;

משלי ל״א:י׳

(י) אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל מִ֣י יִמְצָ֑א וְרָחֹ֖ק מִפְּנִינִ֣ים מִכְרָֽהּ׃

Proverbs 31:10

(10) What a rare find is a capable wife! Her worth is far beyond that of rubies.

משלי ל״א:כ״ו

(כו) פִּ֭יהָ פָּתְחָ֣ה בְחָכְמָ֑ה וְתֽוֹרַת־חֶ֝֗סֶד עַל־לְשׁוֹנָֽהּ׃

Proverbs 31:26

(26) Her mouth is full of wisdom, Her tongue with kindly teaching.

משלי ח׳:כ״ב

(כב) ה' קָ֭נָנִי רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכּ֑וֹ קֶ֖דֶם מִפְעָלָ֣יו מֵאָֽז׃

Proverbs 8:22

(22) “The LORD created me at the beginning of His course As the first of His works of old.