{"versions": [{"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": true, "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרס״ג", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL01", "versionTitle": "London, Luzac, 1903", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": true, "isPrimary": true, "direction": "ltr", "text": ["<b>Hebrew or Aramaic Abbreviations</b>", "in Talmud and Midrash, including abbreviations of the most frequently occurring names of Rabbis.", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אברהם אבינו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אי אמרת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אי אפשר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אשת איש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אא״ב</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אי אמרת בשלמא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אא״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אלא אם כן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ב</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">איכא בינייהו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אב״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אי בעית אימא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">איכא דאמרי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אדה״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אדם הראשון</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אי הכי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אוה״ע</span>", "<a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, *אימיקנטרון 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_*אימיקנטרון.1\">או׳</a> = (<span dir=\"rtl\">אומרים</span>) <span dir=\"rtl\">אומר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אוה״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אומות העולם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אח״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אחר כך</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ארץ ישראל</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">איב״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אב״א</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א׳ יהש״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אמן יהא שמיה רבה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אם כן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אמר לו</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">אמר להם</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">אמר ליה</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">אמרו לו</span> &amp;c.", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אל״ף למ״ד</span> = <a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, אֱלֹהִים 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_אֱלֹהִים.1\">אלהים</a> (in benedictions)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אמ״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אלהינו מלך העולם</span> (in benedictions)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״נ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אי נמי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">את עצמן</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">את עצמה</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">את עצמן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אע״ג</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אף על גב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אע״פ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אף על פי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אע״פי</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אף על פי</span>", "<a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, אֶפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_אֶפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס.1\">אפי׳</a> = <a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, אֲפִילּוּ 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_אֲפִילּוּ.1\">אפילו</a>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״צ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אין צריך</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">אין צריכין</span> &amp;c.", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ק</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אמר קרא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">אקב״ו</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו</span> (in benedictions)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אמר רבי</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">אמר רב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אתי שפיר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">א״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אל תיקרי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">את״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">אם תימצי לומר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בני אדם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בא״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ברוך אתה יי׳</span> (in benedictions)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ב</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בבא בתרא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ב</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בר בר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בב״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בר בר חנא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית דין</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בד״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">במה דברים אמורים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית הלל</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית המקדש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל הבית</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ברוך הוא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בה״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית הלל אומרים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בה״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית הכנסת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בה״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית הכסא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בה״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית המדרש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בהמ״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית המדרש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בהמ״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ברכת המזון</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בהמ״ק</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית המקדש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בה״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בין השמשות</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ו</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בשר ודם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בו״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בשר ודם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בן זכאי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בזה״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בזמן הזה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל חוב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בעלי חיים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בני ישראל</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ביהמ״ק</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בהמ״ק</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ברכת כהנים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בכ״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בכל מקום</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">במ״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בורא מיני מזונות</span> (in benediction)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">במ״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">במה מצינו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בנ״ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בנותן טעם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בע״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל הבית</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בע״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל כרחו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בע״פ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל פה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״פ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בורא פרי</span> (in benediction)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בפה״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בורא פרי האדמה</span> (in benediction)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בפה״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בורא פרי העץ</span> (in benediction)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בפ״נ ובפ״נ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בפני נכתֹב ובפני נחתם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בפ״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בפני עצמו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בן רבי</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">בר רבי</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">בר רב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ברהמ״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ברכת המזון</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בר״ש</span> = (<span dir=\"rtl\">בן רבי</span>) <span dir=\"rtl\">ברבי שמעון</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ב״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית שמאי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בש״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בית שמאי אומרים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">בש״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">בשם רב</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">בשם רבי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ג״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">גזר דין</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">גז״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">גזר דין</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">גז״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">גזירה שוה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ג״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">גמילות חסדים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ג״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">גילוי עריות</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ג״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">גן עדן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ג״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">גז״ש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ד״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">דבר אחר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">דא״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">דאמרי אינשי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ד״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">דברי הכל</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ד״ס</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">דברי סופרים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ד״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">דברי רבי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ד״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">דבר תורה</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">דברי</span>", "<a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, ה׳ 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_ה׳.1\">ה׳</a> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יהוה</span>, \n<i>read</i> <a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, אדני 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_אדני.1\">אדני</a>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">הב״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הקב״ה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">הב״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הכא במאי עסקינן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ה״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">היכי דמי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ה״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הוא הד־ן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">הה״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הדא הוא דכתיב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ה״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הרי זה</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">הרי זו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ה״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הוה ליה</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">הוה להו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">הל״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הוה ליה למימר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">הלמ״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הלכה למשה מסיני</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ה״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הני מילי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">המד״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">היך מאי דאת אמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">המע״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">המוציא מחבירו עליו הראיה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ה״נ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הכי נמי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">הנ״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ה״מ</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ה״ק</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הכי קאמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">הק״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הכי קאמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">הקב״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">הקדוש ברוך הוא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ואצ״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ואין צריך לומר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">וא״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ואם תאמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">וגו׳</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">וגומר</span> = \n<i>&amp;c.</i>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">וח״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">וחד אמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">וח״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">וחכמים אומרים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">וחכ״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">וחכמים אומרים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">וי״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ויש אומרים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">וכ׳</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">וכולו</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">וכוליה</span> = \n<i>&amp;c.</i>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">וכ״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">וכי תימא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">זא״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">זה את זה</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">זו את זו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ז״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">זכור לטוב</span> (<span dir=\"rtl\">זכרוני</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">זכרונם לברכה</span>)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">זש״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">זה שאמר הכתוב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ח״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">חד אמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ח״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">חכ״א</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">חה״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">חול המועד</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ח״ו</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">חס ושלום</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">חכ״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">חכמים אומרים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ח״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">חוצה לארץ</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ט״ו</span> = \n<i>fifteen</i>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">י״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יש אומרים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">י״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יום הכפורים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">יה״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יום הכפורים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">יו״ד ה״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יהוה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">יו״ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">י\"ט</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">י\"ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ידי חובתו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">י\"ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שמונה עשרה</span> (benedictions)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">י\"ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יום טוב</span>", "<a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, יִתְרָא 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_יִתְרָא.1\">יי׳</a> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יהוה</span>, \n<i>read</i> <a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, אדני 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_אדני.1\">אדני</a>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">יצה״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יצר הרע</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">יצ״ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יצר טוב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">יר״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">יהי רצון מלפניך</span> (prayer)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כאו״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כל אחד ואחד</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כ״ג</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כהן גדול</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כד״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כדאמרי אינשי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כדא״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כדאמרי אינשי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כה״ג</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כ״ג</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כה״ג</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כי האי גונא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כה״ג</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כנסת הגדולה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כו״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כמה וכמה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כ״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כל זמן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כ״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כל כך</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כ״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כל מקום</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כ״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כולי עלמא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כ״פ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כי פליגי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">כ״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">כל שכן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ל״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לישנא אחרינא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">להד״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לא היו דברים מעולם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">לה״ק</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לשון הקדש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">לה״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לשון הרע</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">לכ״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לא כל שכן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ל״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">למה לי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ל״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לא מיבעיא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">למ״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">(<span dir=\"rtl\">המוציא</span>) <span dir=\"rtl\">לחם מן הארץ</span></span> (benediction)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">למה״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">למה הדבר דומה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">לעה״ב</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לעולם הבא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">לעוה״ב</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לעולם הבא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ל״צ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לא צריכא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ל״ק</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לא קשיא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ל״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לא שנא</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">לא שנו</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ל״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">לא תעשה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מא״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מאי איכא למימר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מבע״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מבעוד יום</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מ״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מאן דאמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מד״א</span> = (<span dir=\"rtl\">מה</span>) <span dir=\"rtl\">מאי דאת אמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מד״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מדבר תורה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מה״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מנה״מ</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מה״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מלאכי השרת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מה״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מן התורה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מו״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">משא ומתן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מוצ״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מוצאי שבת</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">מוצאי שבתות</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מ״ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מאי טעמא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מלה״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">משל למה הדבר דומה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מל״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מצות לא תעשה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מ״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מכל מקום</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ממ״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מלך מלכי המלכים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ממ״נ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ממה נפשך</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מ״נ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מה נפשך</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מנה״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מנא הני מילי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מ״ס</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מר סבר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מ״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מצות עשה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מע״ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מעשים טובים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מע״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מעשר ראשון</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מע״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מעשר שני</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מע״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מערב שבת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מרע״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">משה רבינו עליו השלום</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מ״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מוצ״ש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מ״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מאי שנא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">משא״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מה שאין כן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מש״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">משום הכי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">מ״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">מתן תורה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">נ״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">נוסחא אחרינא</span> (gloss)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">נ״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">נמי הכי</span> (v. <span dir=\"rtl\">תנ״ה</span>)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">נ״ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">נותן טעם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">נט״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">נטילת ידים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">נ״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">נטילת ידים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">נ״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">נפקא מינה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ס״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">סלקא דעתך</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">סד״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">סלקא דעתך אמינא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ס״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">סבר ליה</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">סבירא ליה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ס״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ספר תורה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עובד אלילים</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">עובדי</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">עבודת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עאכ״ו</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">על אחת כמה וכמה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״ג</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">על גב</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">על גבי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">על דבר</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">על דברי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עם הארץ</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עליו השלום</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עה״ב</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עולם הבא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עה״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עולם הזה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עה״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עין הרע</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עוה״ב</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עה״ב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עוה״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עה״ז</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עבודה זרה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">על ידי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עיו״ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ערב יום טוב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עי״ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ערב יום טוב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עד כאן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״כ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">על כורחך</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">על כורחו</span> &amp;c.", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עכו״ם</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עובד כוכבים ומזלות</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">עובדי</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">עבודת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">על מנת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">עע״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עובד עבודה זרה</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">עובדי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״פ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">על פי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">עיין שם</span> (glossator’s note)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">על שם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ע״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ערב שבת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">פ״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">פעם אחת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">צ״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">צריך לומר</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">צריכא למימר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">קא״ל</span> = (<span dir=\"rtl\">קאמר</span>) <span dir=\"rtl\">קא אמר ליה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">קה״ק</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">קדש הקדשים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">קה״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">קריאת התורה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ק״ו</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">קל וחומר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">קו״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">קל וחומר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">קי״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">קיימא לן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">קמ״ל</span> = (<span dir=\"rtl\">קמשמע</span>) <span dir=\"rtl\">קא משמע לן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ק״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">קריאת שמע</span>", "<a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, ר׳ 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_ר׳.1\">ר׳</a> = <a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, רַב 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_רַב.1\">רב</a>, <a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, רבי 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_רבי.1\">רבי</a>, <a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, רבן 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_רבן.1\">רבן</a>, <a class=\"refLink\" data-ref=\"Jastrow, רַבֵּנוּ 1\" dir=\"rtl\" href=\"/Jastrow,_רַבֵּנוּ.1\">רבנו</a>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ אליעזר</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ אלעזר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ראב״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ אליעזר בן יעקב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ראב״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ אלעזר בן עזריה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רבש״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רבונו של עולם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ג</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רבן גמליאל</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רב הונא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רה״ר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רה״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רשות היחיד</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רה״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רשות הרבים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רוה״ק</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רוה הקדש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רב זירא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש חדש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ חנינא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ט</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ טרפון</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ יהושע</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ יוחנן</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ יוסי</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ ישמעאל</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ריב״ז</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רבן יוחנן בן זכאי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ריב״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ יהושע בן לוי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ריש לקיש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ מאיר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״נ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ נחמיה</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">רב נחמן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ עקיבא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״פ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רב פפא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ שמעון</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">רב ששת</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רשב״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ שמעון בן אלעזר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רשב״ג</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רבן שמעון בן גמליאל</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רשבג״א</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">רשב״ג אמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ש ב״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ שמעון בן יוחאי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רשב״י</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ שמעון בן יוחאי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ר\"ש ב\"ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ שמעון בן לקיש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רשב\"ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ שמעון בן לקיש</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">רשב\"מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">ר׳ שמעון בן מנסיא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שפיכות דמים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שפיר דמי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">שהנ״ב</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שהכל נהיה בדברו</span> (in benediction)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">שה״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שיר השירים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שומר חנם</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">שט״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שטר חוב</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שמע מינה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">שנ׳</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שנאמר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״ע</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שמונה עשרה</span> (benedictions)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״פ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שוה פרוטה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">שפ״ד</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שפיכות דמים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״צ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שליח צבור</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״ץ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שליח צבור</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שומר שכיר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שם שמים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ש״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">שומע תפלה</span> (benediction)", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ת״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תה״מ</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ת״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תפלת הדרך</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">תה״מ</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תחיית המתים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ת״ח</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תלמיד חכם</span>, <span dir=\"rtl\">תלמידי חכמים</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ת״ל</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תלמוד לומר</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">תנ״ה</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תניא נמי הכי</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ת״ק</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תנא קמא</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ת״ר</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תנו רבנן</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ת״ש</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תא שמע</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">תש״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תקיעה שברים תקיעה</span>", "<span dir=\"rtl\">ת״ת</span> = <span dir=\"rtl\">תלמוד תורה</span>"]}], "available_versions": [{"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": true, "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרס״ג", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Jastrow", "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL01", "versionTitle": "London, Luzac, 1903", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": true, "isPrimary": true, "direction": "ltr"}], "ref": "Jastrow, Hebrew or Aramaic Abbreviations", "heRef": "מילון יסטרוב, קיצורים בעברית או בארמית", "sections": [], "toSections": [], "sectionRef": "Jastrow, Hebrew or Aramaic Abbreviations", "heSectionRef": "מילון יסטרוב, קיצורים בעברית או בארמית", "firstAvailableSectionRef": "Jastrow, Hebrew or Aramaic Abbreviations", "isSpanning": false, "next": "Jastrow, List of Abbreviations", "prev": "Jastrow, Preface", "title": "Jastrow, Hebrew or Aramaic Abbreviations", "book": "Jastrow, Hebrew or Aramaic Abbreviations", "heTitle": "מילון יסטרוב, קיצורים בעברית או בארמית", "primary_category": "Reference", "type": "Reference", "indexTitle": "Jastrow", "categories": ["Reference", "Dictionary"], "heIndexTitle": "מילון יסטרוב", "isComplex": true, "isDependant": false, "order": [1], "collectiveTitle": "", "heCollectiveTitle": "", "alts": [], "textDepth": 1, "sectionNames": ["Line"], "addressTypes": ["Integer"], "titleVariants": ["Hebrew or Aramaic Abbreviations"], "heTitleVariants": ["קיצורים בעברית או בארמית"], "index_offsets_by_depth": {}, "warnings": []}