{"ref": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1", "heRef": "משנה ראש השנה א׳:א׳", "isComplex": false, "text": "<b>They are four</b> days in the year that serve as the <b>New Year,</b> each for a different purpose: <b>On the first of Nisan is the New Year for kings;</b> it is from this date that the years of a king’s rule are counted. <b>And</b> the first of Nisan is also the New Year <b>for</b> the order of <b>the Festivals,</b> as it determines which is considered the first Festival of the year and which the last. <b>On the first of Elul is the New Year for animal tithes;</b> all the animals born prior to that date belong to the previous tithe year and are tithed as a single unit, whereas those born after that date belong to the next tithe year. <b>Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon say:</b> The New Year for animal tithes is <b>on the first of Tishrei.</b> <b>On the first of Tishrei is the New Year for</b> counting <b>years,</b> as will be explained in the Gemara; <b>for</b> calculating <b>Sabbatical Years and Jubilee Years,</b> i.e., from the first of Tishrei there is a biblical prohibition to work the land during these years; <b>for planting,</b> for determining the years of <i>orla</i>, the three-year period from when a tree has been planted during which time its fruit is forbidden; <b>and for</b> tithing <b>vegetables,</b> as vegetables picked prior to that date cannot be tithed together with vegetables picked after that date. <b>On the first of Shevat is the New Year for the tree;</b> the fruit of a tree that was formed prior to that date belong to the previous tithe year and cannot be tithed together with fruit that was formed after that date; this ruling is <b>in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai.</b> But <b>Beit Hillel say:</b> The New Year for trees is <b>on the fifteenth of</b> Shevat.", "he": "אַרְבָּעָה רָאשֵׁי שָׁנִים הֵם. בְּאֶחָד בְּנִיסָן רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַמְּלָכִים וְלָרְגָלִים. בְּאֶחָד בֶּאֱלוּל רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי. בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַשָּׁנִים וְלַשְּׁמִטִּין וְלַיּוֹבְלוֹת, לַנְּטִיעָה וְלַיְרָקוֹת. בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָאִילָן, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ: \n", "versions": [{"status": "locked", "priority": 3.0, "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "he", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads", "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357", "actualLanguage": "he", "languageFamilyName": "hebrew", "isSource": true, "isPrimary": true, "direction": "rtl"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": 2.0, "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": true, "method": "", "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "he", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739", "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913", "actualLanguage": "he", "languageFamilyName": "hebrew", "isSource": true, "isPrimary": true, "direction": "rtl"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": 2.0, "license": "CC-BY-NC", "versionNotes": "English from The William Davidson digital edition of the <a href='https://www.korenpub.com/koren_en_usd/koren/talmud/koren-talmud-bavli-no.html'>Koren Noé Talmud</a>, with commentary by <a href='/adin-even-israel-steinsaltz'>Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz</a>", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "Koren - Steinsaltz", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1", "versionTitle": "William Davidson Edition - English", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": 1.0, "license": "CC-BY", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/", "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": 0.5, "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.<br>Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.<br>Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.<br>Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.<br>Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.<br>Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": true, "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung", "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]", "actualLanguage": "de", "languageFamilyName": "german", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": 0.25, "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": true, "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI", "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]", "actualLanguage": "de", "languageFamilyName": "german", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "CC-BY-SA", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה פתוחה", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah", "versionTitle": "Open Mishnah", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "שמונה עשרה מסכתות משנה", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "David Aaron Sola and Morris Jacob Raphall, 1845", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/etm/index.htm", "versionTitle": "Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "CC0", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org", "versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "CC-BY", "versionNotes": "To enhance the quality of this text, obvious translation errors were corrected in accordance with the Hebrew source", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "המשנה עם פירושי רבי עובדיה מברטנורא, רבי שרגא זילברשטיין", "versionNotesInHebrew": "כדי לשפר את איכות הטקסט הזה, שונו שגיאות תרגום ברורות בהתאם למקור העברי", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "http://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein", "versionTitle": "The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002182155/NLI", "versionTitle": "Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr]", "actualLanguage": "fr", "languageFamilyName": "french", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "PD", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": true, "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "he", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE", "versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri", "actualLanguage": "he", "languageFamilyName": "hebrew", "isSource": true, "isPrimary": true, "direction": "rtl"}, {"status": "", "priority": "", "license": "unknown", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "versionSource": "Chavruta Chats Traduções", "versionTitle": "Publicado em 5784, Saymon Pires da Silva [pt]", "actualLanguage": "pt", "languageFamilyName": "portuguese", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}], "textDepth": 2, "sectionNames": ["Chapter", "Mishnah"], "addressTypes": ["Perek", "Mishnah"], "lengths": [4, 35], "length": 4, "heTitle": "משנה ראש השנה", "titleVariants": ["M Rosh Hashanah", "Mishna Rosh Hashanah", "M. Rosh Hashanah", "Mishnah R. Hash.", "Mishnah Rosh hash-Shanah", "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah"], "heTitleVariants": ["משנה ראש השנה"], "type": "Mishnah", "primary_category": "Mishnah", "book": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "categories": ["Mishnah", "Seder Moed"], "order": [19, 8], "sections": [1, 1], "toSections": [1, 1], "isDependant": false, "indexTitle": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah", "heIndexTitle": "משנה ראש השנה", "sectionRef": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1", "firstAvailableSectionRef": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1", "heSectionRef": "משנה ראש השנה א׳", "isSpanning": false, "versionTitle": "William Davidson Edition - English", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "Koren - Steinsaltz", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionSource": "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1", "versionStatus": "locked", "versionNotes": "English from The William Davidson digital edition of the <a href='https://www.korenpub.com/koren_en_usd/koren/talmud/koren-talmud-bavli-no.html'>Koren Noé Talmud</a>, with commentary by <a href='/adin-even-israel-steinsaltz'>Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz</a>", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "digitizedBySefaria": false, "license": "CC-BY-NC", "formatEnAsPoetry": false, "heVersionTitle": "Torat Emet 357", "heVersionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357", "heShortVersionTitle": "", "heShortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "heVersionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads", "heVersionStatus": "locked", "heVersionNotes": "", "heExtendedNotes": "", "heExtendedNotesHebrew": "", "heVersionNotesInHebrew": "", "heDigitizedBySefaria": false, "heLicense": "Public Domain", "formatHeAsPoetry": false, "alts": [], "index_offsets_by_depth": {}, "next": "Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 2", "prev": null, "commentary": [], "sheets": [], "layer": []}