{"ref": "Joshua 20", "heRef": "יהושע כ׳", "isComplex": false, "text": [" \nG<small>OD</small>\n said to Joshua: ", "“Speak to the Israelites: Designate the cities of refuge—about which I commanded you through Moses—", "to which a manslayer who kills a person by mistake, unintentionally, may flee.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><b>manslayer … may flee </b>I.e., regardless of the victim’s gender. As for a female culprit, the case may have been more complex.</i> They shall serve you as a refuge from the blood avenger. ", "[The slayer] shall flee to one of those cities, stand at the entrance to the city gate, and plead the case before the elders of that city; and they shall offer admission to the city and provide a place in which to live among them. ", "Should the blood avenger come in pursuit, they shall not give up the manslayer, since the other person was killed without intent and had not been an enemy in the past. ", "[The slayer] shall live in that city until there is a trial before the assembly, [and remain there] until the death of the high priest who is in office at that time. Thereafter, the manslayer may return home, to the town from which that person fled.”", "So they set aside Kedesh in the hill country of Naphtali in Galilee, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath-arba—that is, Hebron—in the hill country of Judah. ", "And across the Jordan, east of Jericho, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness, in the Tableland, from the tribe of Reuben; Ramoth in Gilead from the tribe of Gad; and Golan in Bashan from the tribe of Manasseh. ", "Those were the towns designated<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><b>designated </b>Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> for all the Israelites and for the resident aliens among them, to which anyone who killed a person unintentionally might flee, and not die by the hand of the blood avenger before standing trial by the assembly."], "he": ["וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃", "דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר תְּנ֤וּ לָכֶם֙ אֶת־עָרֵ֣י הַמִּקְלָ֔ט אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃", "לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֙מָּה֙ רוֹצֵ֔חַ מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה בִּבְלִי־דָ֑עַת וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְמִקְלָ֔ט מִגֹּאֵ֖ל הַדָּֽם׃", "וְנָ֞ס אֶל־אַחַ֣ת&thinsp;<b>׀</b> מֵהֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְעָמַד֙ פֶּ֚תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וְדִבֶּ֛ר בְּאׇזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵֽי־הָעִ֥יר הַהִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑יו וְאָֽסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ הָעִ֙ירָה֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתְנוּ־ל֥וֹ מָק֖וֹם וְיָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽם׃", "וְכִ֨י יִרְדֹּ֜ף גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְלֹא־יַסְגִּ֥רוּ אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּיָד֑וֹ כִּ֤י בִבְלִי־דַ֙עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְלֹא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃", "וְיָשַׁ֣ב&thinsp;<b>׀</b> בָּעִ֣יר הַהִ֗יא עַד־עׇמְד֞וֹ לִפְנֵ֤י הָעֵדָה֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט עַד־מוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽהְיֶ֖ה בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֑ם אָ֣ז&thinsp;<b>׀</b> יָשׁ֣וּב הָרוֹצֵ֗חַ וּבָ֤א אֶל־עִירוֹ֙ וְאֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ אֶל־הָעִ֖יר אֲשֶׁר־נָ֥ס מִשָּֽׁם׃", "וַיַּקְדִּ֜שׁוּ אֶת־קֶ֤דֶשׁ בַּגָּלִיל֙ בְּהַ֣ר נַפְתָּלִ֔י וְאֶת־שְׁכֶ֖ם בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע הִ֥יא חֶבְר֖וֹן בְּהַ֥ר יְהוּדָֽה׃", "וּמֵעֵ֜בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֤ן יְרִיחוֹ֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה נָתְנ֞וּ אֶת־בֶּ֧צֶר בַּמִּדְבָּ֛ר בַּמִּישֹׁ֖ר מִמַּטֵּ֣ה רְאוּבֵ֑ן וְאֶת־רָאמֹ֤ת בַּגִּלְעָד֙ מִמַּטֵּה־גָ֔ד וְאֶת־<span class=\"mam-kq\"><span class=\"mam-kq-q\">[גּוֹלָ֥ן]</span> <span class=\"mam-kq-k\">(גלון)</span></span> בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן מִמַּטֵּ֥ה מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃", "אֵ֣לֶּה הָיוּ֩ עָרֵ֨י הַמּוּעָדָ֜ה לְכֹ֣ל&thinsp;<b>׀</b> בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְלַגֵּר֙ הַגָּ֣ר בְּתוֹכָ֔ם לָנ֣וּס שָׁ֔מָּה כׇּל־מַכֵּה־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֑ה וְלֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּיַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם עַד־עׇמְד֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י הָעֵדָֽה׃&nbsp;<span class=\"mam-spi-pe\">{פ}</span><br>"], "versions": [{"status": "locked", "priority": 3.0, "license": "CC-BY-NC", "versionNotes": "<a href=\"https://purl.org/jps/rjps-preface\">Preface</a>\n<br><br>\n<a href=\"https://purl.org/jps/gender\">Notes on Gender in Translation</a>\n<br><br>\n<a href=\"https://purl.org/scholar/rjps-comm\">Commentary on Translation Choices in the JPS TANAKH (RJPS)</a>", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "Revised JPS, 2023", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "https://storage.googleapis.com/sefaria-physical-editions/JPS-Tanakh-Gender-Sensitive-Edition-Cover-300x450.jpg", "purchaseInformationURL": "https://jps.org/books/the-jps-tanakh-gender-sensitive-edition/", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "https://jps.org/books/the-jps-tanakh-gender-sensitive-edition/", "versionTitle": "THE JPS TANAKH: Gender-Sensitive Edition", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": 2.0, "license": "CC-BY-SA", "versionNotes": "<i>Miqra According to the Masorah</i> (MAM) is a digital Hebrew edition of the Tanakh based on the Aleppo Codex and related manuscripts. It is designed for readers, and as such it contains added elements to aid vocalization of the text. For instance: When an accent is marked in an unstressed syllable, an extra accent is added in the proper place (<i>pashta</i>, <i>zarqa</i>, <i>segol</i>, <i>telisha</i>). <i>Legarmeih</i> and <i>paseq</i> are visibly distinguished. <i>Qamaz qatan</i> is indicated by its designated Unicode character (alternatives are documented where traditions differ about its application).<br>The text of MAM is fully documented. The <a href=\"https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:Dovi/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%96%D7%95\">complete introduction</a> to the edition (Hebrew) explains the types of editorial decisions that have been made and the reasons for them (<a href=\"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/User:Dovi/Miqra_according_to_the_Masorah#About_this_Edition_(English_Abstract)\">English abstract</a>). In addition, every word in the Bible about which there is some textual concern or ambiguity includes a documentation note; these notes can be viewed conveniently <a href=\"https://bdenckla.github.io/MAM-with-doc/\">here</a>. If an error is discovered, it may be reported to <a href=\"https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:Dovi\">User:Dovi</a> at Hebrew Wikisource. Please check the documentation notes before reporting an error.", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "מקרא על פי המסורה", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "he", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:Dovi/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94", "versionTitle": "Miqra according to the Masorah", "actualLanguage": "he", "languageFamilyName": "hebrew", "isSource": true, "isPrimary": true, "direction": "rtl"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": 2.0, "license": "CC-BY-NC", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "JPS, 1985", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "https://storage.googleapis.com/sefaria-physical-editions/JPS_1985.png", "purchaseInformationURL": "https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/jps/9780827602526/", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "https://jps.org/books/tanakh-the-holy-scriptures-blue/", "versionTitle": "Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, published by JPS", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": 1.0, "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "This 1917 translation by the Jewish Publication Society is in the public domain. JPS graciously shared digital images of this text with the Open Siddur Project, from which the text was imported by Sefaria.", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "כתבי הקודש: תרגום חדש (1917 JPS)", "versionNotesInHebrew": "תרגום JPS 1917 קיים בנחלת הכלל. הסריקות באדיבות JPS. שעתוק הטקסט תודות לפרויקט Open Siddur, משם יובא הטקסט למאגר ספריא", "shortVersionTitle": "JPS 1917", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "http://opensiddur.org/2010/08/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%B4%D7%9A-the-holy-scriptures-a-new-translation-jps-1917/", "versionTitle": "The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": 1.0, "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "תנ״ך מלווה בטעמי מקרא", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "he", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml", "versionTitle": "Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra", "actualLanguage": "he", "languageFamilyName": "hebrew", "isSource": true, "isPrimary": true, "direction": "rtl"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "תנ״ך - טקסט בלבד", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "he", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml", "versionTitle": "Tanach with Text Only", "actualLanguage": "he", "languageFamilyName": "hebrew", "isSource": true, "isPrimary": true, "direction": "rtl"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "תנ״ך עם ניקוד", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "he", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml", "versionTitle": "Tanach with Nikkud", "actualLanguage": "he", "languageFamilyName": "hebrew", "isSource": true, "isPrimary": true, "direction": "rtl"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "CC0", "versionNotes": "This 1941 translation published by Yehoʼash Farlag Gezelshaft is in the public domain. A transcribed digitized version was produced by Itsik \"Robert\" Goldenberg, et al, by the Yehoyesh Project (1998-2006) under the direction of Leonard Prager. That version was graciously shared with the Open Siddur Project, from which the text was imported by Sefaria.", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום התנ״ך ליידיש, יהואש", "versionNotesInHebrew": "תרגום זה קיים בנחלת הכלל. שעתוק דיגיטלי ע\"י איציק \"רוברט\" גולדנברג, באדיבות פרויקט יהואש (1998-2006) בניהולו של לאונרד פראגר. גרסה זו שותפה בפרויקט \"סידור פתוח\", משם יובאה למאגר ספריא", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "he", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "http://opensiddur.org/praxes/study/yehoyeshs-yiddish-translation-of-the-tanakh/", "versionTitle": "Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]", "actualLanguage": "yi", "languageFamilyName": "yiddish", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "rtl"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "CC-BY-NC", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "https://storage.googleapis.com/sefaria-physical-editions/65006bc3f610a1f8612b28ebac72c5ce.png", "purchaseInformationURL": "https://korenpub.com/collections/tanakh", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "https://www.korenpub.com/koren_en_usd/koren/tanakh-bible/the-koren-jerusalem-bible.html", "versionTitle": "The Koren Jerusalem Bible", "actualLanguage": "en", "languageFamilyName": "english", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_du_Rabbinat_1899", "versionTitle": "Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]", "actualLanguage": "fr", "languageFamilyName": "french", "isSource": false, "isPrimary": false, "direction": "ltr"}, {"status": "", "priority": "", "license": "Public Domain", "versionNotes": "Digitized by Chajm Guski and Marina Struse", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "דיגיטציה ע\"י חיים גוסקי ומרינה שטרוס", "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Simon Bernfeld, 1902 ", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "en", "title": "Joshua", "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/tanach/  ", "versionTitle": "Die Heilige Schrift, trans. 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It is designed for readers, and as such it contains added elements to aid vocalization of the text. For instance: When an accent is marked in an unstressed syllable, an extra accent is added in the proper place (<i>pashta</i>, <i>zarqa</i>, <i>segol</i>, <i>telisha</i>). <i>Legarmeih</i> and <i>paseq</i> are visibly distinguished. <i>Qamaz qatan</i> is indicated by its designated Unicode character (alternatives are documented where traditions differ about its application).<br>The text of MAM is fully documented. The <a href=\"https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:Dovi/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%96%D7%95\">complete introduction</a> to the edition (Hebrew) explains the types of editorial decisions that have been made and the reasons for them (<a href=\"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/User:Dovi/Miqra_according_to_the_Masorah#About_this_Edition_(English_Abstract)\">English abstract</a>). In addition, every word in the Bible about which there is some textual concern or ambiguity includes a documentation note; these notes can be viewed conveniently <a href=\"https://bdenckla.github.io/MAM-with-doc/\">here</a>. If an error is discovered, it may be reported to <a href=\"https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:Dovi\">User:Dovi</a> at Hebrew Wikisource. 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