{"ref": "Jerusalem Talmud Shabbat 1:4", "heRef": "תלמוד ירושלמי שבת א׳:ד׳", "isComplex": false, "text": ["MISHNAH: These⁹The Yerushalmi version (and Maimonides’s text) refers to the preceding Mishnaiot 1–6. The Babli’s version ואלו “and the following” refers to the following Mishnaiot. are of the practices which were pronounced at the upper floor of Ḥananiah ben Ḥizqiah ben Garon¹⁰He is famous for having explained away the apparent contradictions between the book of Ezechiel and the Pentateuch; his explanations have not come down to us. “Ben Garon” or “Ben Gurion” seems to have been his family name., when they came to visit him. They voted and the House of Shammai had the majority over the House of Hillel; eighteen items they decided on that day¹¹These 18 prohibitions which were forced by the House of Shammai on the House of Hillel are only partially the rules explained in the Mishnaiot here; different lists are given in the Talmudim..", "HALAKHAH: Mishnah²⁸⁷Quote from Mishnah 7.: “These⁹The Yerushalmi version (and Maimonides’s text) refers to the preceding Mishnaiot 1–6. The Babli’s version ואלו “and the following” refers to the following Mishnaiot. are of the practices which were pronounced at the upper floor of Ḥananiah ben Ḥizqiah ben Garon¹⁰He is famous for having explained away the apparent contradictions between the book of Ezechiel and the Pentateuch; his explanations have not come down to us. “Ben Garon” or “Ben Gurion” seems to have been his family name., when they came to visit him,” etc. ²⁸⁸Cf. Tosephta 1:16–17, Babli 153b (17a).“This day was hard for Israel like the day on which the Golden C alf was made. Rebbi Eliezer said, on that day they filled the bushel to overflow. Rebbi Joshua said, on that day they filled the bushel to the rim. Rebbi Eliezer said to him, if it was deficient and they filled it it would have been reasonable, as with an amphora full of nuts; if you fill it with sesame seeds it will be strengthened²⁸⁹There is much empty space between the nuts where sesame seeds may fall it. If they settle at the bottom, the amphora becomes more stable. If it had said, מַחֲזֶּקֶת אוֹתָם the translation would have been “contains them”.. Rebbi Joshua said to him, if it had been full and they diminished it, it would have been reasonable, as with an amphora filled with oil; if you add water to it it dilutes the oil.²⁹⁰They are engaged in a discussion about the principles of Pharisaic Judaism, couched in a dispute whether to compare the legalistic rabbinic framework to a bushel of dry or fluid measure. R. Eliezer, an adherent of the House of Shammai who was a student of the Hillelite Rabban Joḥanan ben Zakkai, compares biblical commandments to nuts in a barrel and rabbinic additions to small grains which fill the spaces between the nuts and give stability to the amphora. His view of Judaism is static; he views all rabbinic enactments as positive.
By contrast, R. Joshua compares biblical commandments to oil; his view of Judaism is dynamic. He accepts rabbinic enactments only if they do not threaten to cause overflow, in which case biblical commandments may be lost because of rabbinic stringencies. He has a dim view of the ordinances from the House of Ḥananiah ben Ḥizqiah ben Garon.”", "Rebbi Joshua from Ono stated: The students of the House of Shammai were standing downstairs and killing the students of the House of Hillel. It was stated, six of them went up; the rest were standing around them with swords and lances.", "It was stated, eighteen things they decided, in eighteen they were a majority and in eighteen they were divided²⁹¹In this opinion, there were 54 items up for discussion, 18 were unanimously decided, 18 where the House of Shammai had a majority but it was not unanimous and not accepted by the House of Hillel, and 18 where the discussion was inconclusive. This explains the difficulty both Talmudim have to come up with the list of the 18 decrees which were definitely issued. In the Babli 14b only two groups of 18 are mentioned.. The following they decided: About Gentiles’ bread, and about their cheeses, and about their oil²⁹²The prohibitions, later partially lifted, of Gentile bread, cheese, and olive oil, are discussed in Avodah zarah Chapter 2; a copy of some of the discussion is reproduced later in the present Chapter., and about their daughters²⁹³A Gentile female is treated from birth as permanently impure like a menstruating woman, making sexual relations with her a rabbinic deadly sin. Babli Avodah zarah 36b., and about their semen, and about their urine²⁹⁴While biblically a living Gentile cannot be impure and neither are his body fluids, rabbinically his semen and urine are treated as if he were impure as a sufferer from gonorrhea, to avoid homosexual contacts. Babli Avodah zarah 36b., and about the rules of a person with an emission²⁹⁵The restrictions on religious performances imposed on a person having had sexual relations or an emission of semen before he went to a miqweh, as detailed in Tractate Berakhot 3:4, Notes 173–200., and about the rules of the land of Gentiles²⁹⁶The land outside the territory of Israel obviously was considered impure already in the times of the prophet Amos (Am. 6:17). Who formalized the rules of this impurity is a matter of controversy (Babli 14b). It seems that the new decision was to decree impurity for regions of the Holy Land inhabited by Gentiles (Ḥagigah 3:4, 79b l. 75, Babli 25a).. There we have stated²⁹⁷Mishnah Zavim 8:12. The Mishnah is also quoted and discussed in the Babli 13b as list of the 18 items.: “The following make heave unusable. One who eats food impure in the first degree, and one who eats food impure in the second degree²⁹⁸Heave must be eaten in purity (Num. 18:11,13). According to biblical standards, only original impurity or at most its first derivative can make food impure. Therefore heave which was touched by a person who ingested food one or two steps removed from original impurity should become impure in the second or third degree and therefore be permitted for the Cohen. By rabbinic usage, heave may become impure in the second degree and invalid in the third., and one who drinks impure drinks²⁹⁹While solid food impure in the k-th degree imparts impurity of the (k+l)st degree on what it touches, by rabbinic practice impure fluid always causes impurity of the first degree in what comes in touch with it. This is a precaution because the body fluids of a sufferer from gonorrhea are carriers of original impurity., and one who comes with his head and most of his body in drawn water³⁰⁰This is a purely rabbinic decree instituted so people should not substitute a bathtub for a ritual bath (miqweh)., and a pure person on whose head and most of his body fell three log drawn water³⁰¹This is an appendix to the decree described in the preceding Note. A log is slightly more than half a liter., and a scroll³⁰²A Torah scroll makes hands which touch it impure in the second degree. This was instituted to hinder people to store food next to the Torah scroll, which would expose the scroll to the danger of being eaten by mice. As a consequence one has to cover one’s hand with the tallit if for some reason one has to manipulate the parchment with one’s hands., and hands³⁰³Washed hands are pure. They remain pure only as long as one is aware of their washed status. At the moment one’s attention is diverted from this, they revert to the status of unwashed hands and automatically are impure in the second degree (even if the person’s body remains pure.) Therefore touching heave with unwashed hands invalidates heave as impure in the third degree. (Cf. Tractate Yadaim)., and the Ṭevul yom³⁰⁴By biblical decree, an impure person who purifies himself by immersion in a miqweh may consume sanctified food only after the next sundown (Lev. 22:7). The biblical text does not specify what the status is of the person between immersion and sundown, when he is called ṭevul yom “immersed during daytime”. While he is pure, by rabbinic convention (but following some opinions by biblical decree) he invalidates sanctified food by his touch as if he were impure in the second degree (cf. Sotah 5:2 Notes 42,46,47,68.), and food and vessels which became impure by fluids²⁹⁹While solid food impure in the k-th degree imparts impurity of the (k+l)st degree on what it touches, by rabbinic practice impure fluid always causes impurity of the first degree in what comes in touch with it. This is a precaution because the body fluids of a sufferer from gonorrhea are carriers of original impurity..”", "The rabbis of Caesarea said, of those which they decided there were seven of those where they had a majority³⁰⁵They disagree with the statement that 36 items were discussed; some decrees were passed by a majority short of unanimity. Cf. Babli 17b.. The others are the following: A person being on the road when it gets dark gives his wallet to a Non-Jew³⁰⁶A Jew on the road late on Friday evening may give his valuables to a non-Jew and retrieve them later. While in general it is forbidden to ask a Gentile to do something for a Jew which is forbidden to himself, this is an exception.. Similarly, the male sufferer from gonorrhea should not eat with a female sufferer from flux because of inducement to sin. All movables transmit impurity by the thickness of the yoke³⁰⁷The standard bar of a yoke has circumference of one hand-breadth, therefore a diameter of 1/π hand-breadth. By biblical decree, a “tent” under which there is a corpse induces original impurity in everything under it if only it is susceptible to impurity. By definition, a “tent” is any cover at least one hand-breadth wide. By rabbinic decree this is extended to round beams of circumference of one hand-breadth. Tosephta 1:18.. How one harvests grapes on a broken field³⁰⁸A “broken field” is a field which contained a grave (of uncertain location) ploughed under, where the entire field might be impure since a bone may have been dislocated by the plough. The problem is to harvest the grapes in purity to make pure wine; Mishnah Ahilut 18:1. The House of Hillel have a prescription for this; the House of Shammai disagree and require the grapes to be cut from the vine with a flintstone knife (or some other permanently pure implement) and transported in a basket woven of willow twigs, which is impervious to impurity. It is asserted that practice has to follow the House of Shammai.. One who puts vessels under the pipe³⁰⁹The waters of a miqweh become invalid if they are in a vessel. If one builds a conduit of spring water into the miqweh which never had the status of a vessel, this is fine. But if the pipe is supported somewhere by vessels, the House of Shammai declare the miqweh invalid in all cases, against a more lenient opinion of the House of Hillel who declare it valid if the vessels were forgotten, not put there intentionally. Tosephta 1:19.. For six doubts one burns heave³¹⁰Mishnah Tahorot 4:5. While in general it is forbidden to burn edible heave which is not certainly impure, there is a list of six cases in which one considers a doubt as equivalent to certitude of impurity.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, also the growth of heave³¹¹If heave of grain is taken as seed grain, the entire crop has the status of heave even though by biblical rules the new growth would not have been heave. (Babli 17b; Mishnah Terumot 9:4 Note 57).. The following they decided: the first ten and the remainder from what Rebbi Simeon ben Yoḥai stated: On that day they decided about their bread, and their cheeses, and their wine²⁹²The prohibitions, later partially lifted, of Gentile bread, cheese, and olive oil, are discussed in Avodah zarah Chapter 2; a copy of some of the discussion is reproduced later in the present Chapter., and their vinegar³¹²Which may have been wine originally. Wine vinegar needs certification of kosher supervision., and their fish brine³¹³Which may be from forbidden fish, without fins and scales., and their muries³¹⁴Latin muria, -ae or muries, -ei f. “brine, fish sauce”; cf. Avodah zarah 2:4, Note 241., and their preserves, and their parboiled food, and their corned food³¹⁵Anything cooked by Gentiles is rabbinically forbidden under the rules and exceptions detailed in Tractate Avodah zarah Chapter 2., and on split grain, and on ground food, and on peeled barley^316,Mishnah Makhshirin 6:2. Produce may become impure only if it had been “prepared” for it by intentional contact with one of the fluids which may cause impurity (water, wine, olive oil, blood, milk, bee’s honey). It is assumed that any grain undergoing some manufacturing process was moistened to facilitate the production; therefore it is treated as certainly susceptible to impurity.³¹⁷טִיסָּנִי is Greek πτισάνη, Latin transcription ptisana. tisana, -ae, f. peeled barley., on their speech³¹⁸This item is not clear. It may mean a prohibition to study Greek or Latin, or it may be identical to the next item, that Gentile testimony is inadmissible in a rabbinic court. The first interpretation is preferable since then the statement of R. Simeon contains exactly 18 items, i. e., it is his list of the 18 items., and on their testimony³¹⁹The only testimony of Gentiles admitted in a rabbinic court is the testimony of a Jew that a Gentile gave certain information without being asked., and on their gifts³²⁰One should not in general accept gifts from a Gentile; cf. Avodah zarah Chapter 1., on their sons²⁹⁴While biblically a living Gentile cannot be impure and neither are his body fluids, rabbinically his semen and urine are treated as if he were impure as a sufferer from gonorrhea, to avoid homosexual contacts. Babli Avodah zarah 36b., and on their daughters²⁹³A Gentile female is treated from birth as permanently impure like a menstruating woman, making sexual relations with her a rabbinic deadly sin. Babli Avodah zarah 36b., and on their firstlings³²¹This also is not clear. It may refer to the rule that a firstling born of an animal partially owned by a Gentile is profane..", "³²³This and the following paragraphs are from Avodah zarah 2:9, partially also from Ševiˋit, Terumot, and Maˋaser Šeni; fully documented with variant readings and explained there in Notes 347–386. The order of the paragraphs is different. One discusses the original list of the 18 decrees.Their bread. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Jonathan: this is of the practices of obfuscation. Rebbi Yose said, so I asked before Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa: What means “of the practices of obfuscation? Do we say, at a place where Jewish bread is available it is logical that Gentile bread should be forbidden and they obfuscated about it and permitted it? Or at a place where Jewish bread is not available it would be logical that Gentile bread should be permitted and they obfuscated about it and forbade it? Rebbi Mana said, is there any obfuscation for prohibition? But is bread not like cooking of Gentiles? Are we saying: At a place where no Jewish cooking is available it would be logical that Gentile cooking should be permitted? But it must be the following: At a place where Jewish bread is not available it would be logical that Gentile bread should be forbidden and they obfuscated about it and permitted it because of the necessities of life. The rabbis of Caesarea in the name of Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa: Following the words of him who was permitting, but only from the store; but one does not do this.", "They said before the Elder Rebbi Ḥiyya: Rebbi Simeon ben Yoḥai stated thus: Food you shall buy from them with money and eat, and also water you may acquire³²³This and the following paragraphs are from Avodah zarah 2:9, partially also from Ševiˋit, Terumot, and Maˋaser Šeni; fully documented with variant readings and explained there in Notes 347–386. The order of the paragraphs is different. One discusses the original list of the 18 decrees., etc. As water is not changed from its natural state, so anything which was not changed from its natural state. They objected: Are there not their dry beans, פנקריסין and קובטיות, roasted grain, and hot water permitted? One understands all of these because they can be soaked and return to their former state. What about roasted grain? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun in the name of Rav said: Any food which can be eaten alone raw is not in the category of Gentile cooking but one may use it for eruv tavšilin³²⁴The symbolic common meal of the dwellers at a dead-end street which converts it into a private domain, cf. Note 142.. How does Rebbi Ḥiyya explain food you shall buy from them? You shall buy with food. If you fed him you bought him. If he causes you trouble buy him with food or otherwise ply him with him money. They said, that is what Rebbi Jonathan did. When he saw that a superior came to his town, he sent him an honor gift. What did he say? If a suit involving an orphan or a widow came he would have a way to mollify him.", "Their cheese. Rebbi Jeremiah said, why is a Gentile’s milk forbidden? Because of admixture from forbidden animals. It was stated so: “There is nothing to worry if the Jew stands with the herd while the Gentile milks and brings to him.” Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Jehudah, Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: Why is a Gentile’s milk forbidden? Because of uncovering. Let him make cheese! Rebbi Samuel ben Rav Isaac said, because of the poison left between the holes. It was stated so: There are three kinds of poison; one swims, one sinks down, and one is similar to a net on top. In the days of Rebbi Jeremiah the barrels of the Great Assembly were uncovered. The first ones drank and did not die. The later ones died. I say that it was sinking poison. Workers were in the field. The water pitcher was uncovered. The first ones drank and did not die. The later ones died. I say that it was sinking poison.", "³²⁵This paragraph is from Terumot 8:5, Notes 139–142.“Uncovering is not a danger for oil and vinegar, brine, and muries, and honey, but Rebbi Simeon forbids. The Sages agree with Rebbi Simeon when it was seen pecking.” It was stated thus³²⁶Tosephta Terumot 7:17, Babli Avodah zarah 30b.: “If a watermelon was pecked and ten people ate from it or wine was uncovered and ten people drank from it, it is forbidden to eat or drink after them; I say that there was sinking poison.”", "Their oil. Who forbade the oil? Rav Jehudah said, Daniel forbade it. Daniel was careful not to defile himself by the king’s repast and the wine he drank³²⁷Dan. 1:8.. Rebbi Aḥa, Rebbi Tanḥum bar Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, but some say it in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: For it they were climbing up King’s Mountain and were killed for it.", "And who permitted it? Rebbi and his court permitted it. At three places is Rebbi Jehudah the Prince called “our teachers,” in divorce documents, oil, and a sole. They should have called him “a permissive court”, for any court which permits three [previously forbidden] things is called “permissive court.” Rebbi Yudan ben Rebbi Ismael said, his court disagreed with him about bills of divorce.Rebbi Joḥanan asked: Did we not state³²⁸Mishnah Idiut 1:5., “for no court may invalidate the words of another court unless it be greater in wisdom and numbers”? And Rebbi and his court permit what Daniel and his companions forbade? Rebbi Joḥanan follows his own opinion, for Rebbi Joḥanan said in the name of Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Ṣadoq, I have a tradition that any restrictive edict passed by a court which is not accepted by the majority of the public is not an edict. They checked and found in the matter of the edict about oil and did not find that a majority of the public followed it.", "Isaac bar Samuel bar Martha went down to Nisibis. He met Rebbi Simlai the Southerner who sat and expounded: Rebbi and his court permitted the oil. Samuel accepted this and ate. Rav did not eat. Samuel told him, eat! Otherwise I shall declare you a rebellious Elder. He answered him, when I still was there I knew who complained about it, Rebbi Simlai the Southerner. He told him, did he say it in the name of himself? No, in the name of Rebbi Jehudah the Prince. He bothered him and he ate.", "Their daughters. Rebbi Eleazar said, in seven places it is written do not intermarry with them³²⁹The text as quoted is written only once, Deut. 7:3, an equivalent text is Ex. 34:16. In any case, since the prohibition is biblical, how can it be counted as rabbinic decree? Babli Avodah zarah 36b. In the Genizah fragment published by L. Ginzberg (p. 67) one reads בשבועה מקומות “in oath places”. S. Liebermann wants to delete “places” and retain the statement “an oath, it is written”, i. e., it cannot be a rabbinic prohibition. The text as it appears here is quoted in Soṭah 1:8 (Note 285). Rebbi Abun said, to forbid seven peoples³³⁰As enumerated in Deut. 7:1. The prohibition of all other Gentiles is rabbinic.. Rebbi Joshua from Ono stated, to forbid their eggs. Rebbi Ismael stated, and the ostrich’s daughter³³¹Lev. 11:16.. This is the ostrich’s egg³³²Eggs of impure birds are forbidden like the birds. Babli Ḥulin 64b..", "Their semen. But did not Rebbi Aḥa, Rebbi Ḥinena say in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, a Gentile’s semen is pure for semen cannot be discharged without urine³³³Since the rules of impurity of genital discharges were given only to the “children of Israel” (Lev. 15:2). Any purity imputed to Gentiles must be rabbinic only; Babli Niddah 34a..", "About the rules of a person with an emission²⁹⁵The restrictions on religious performances imposed on a person having had sexual relations or an emission of semen before he went to a miqweh, as detailed in Tractate Berakhot 3:4, Notes 173–200.. Rebbi Abba bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi. He may study practical rules but not homiletics. It was stated in the name of Rebbi Yose: He may repeat known rules but he may not expound the Mishnah. Some want to say, he may not mention the Divine Name³³⁴This paragraph is a short quote from Berakhot 3:4 (Notes 186–189); Babli Berakhot 22a..", "And about the rules for the land of Gentiles. ³³⁵This paragraph is from Ketubot 8:11, explained there in Notes 96–105. Cf. Babli 14b. But did not Rebbi Zeˋira bar Abinna³³⁶Read with Ketubot: “R. Zeˋira, R. Abuna”. say in the name of Rav Jeremiah: Joseph ben Yoezer from Ṣereda and Yose ben Joḥanan from Jerusalem decreed impurity of the land of Gentiles and of glass vessels; Rebbi Jonah said, Rebbi Jehudah ben Tabbai. Rebbi Yose said, Rebbi Jehudah ben Tabbai and Simeon ben Šetaḥ decreed impurity of metal vessels; Hillel and Shammai decreed about purity of hands³³⁷They codified popular practice that unwashed hands are always impure in the second degree.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun in the name of Rebbi Levi: so practice had been in their hands but they forgot it. The secondary [authorities] came and agreed with the intent of the first ones. To teach you that everything for which the Court made a real effort will in the end be confirmed for them as it was said to Moses on Sinai. This comes as Rebbi Mana said, for it is not an empty matter for you³³⁸Deut. 32:42. Quoted in Sukkah 4:1., if it is an empty matter, it is from you since you do not exert yourselves for it. For it is your life. When is it your life? Any time you are exerting yourselves for it.", "Samuel said, they taught this only about the eighteen. Therefore, other than the eighteen even a lesser [court] may abolish³³⁹A court of lesser standing than the one which issued a decree may abolish it as long as it is not of the Eighteen Decrees described earlier.. They objected, is there not the Sabbatical year? This is not of the eighteen items, and Rebbi Joḥanan (said it)³⁴⁰The word was written by the scribe; it was deleted by the corrector. As S. Liebermann has shown, the deletion is unjustified. R. Joḥanan both formulated a tradition and questioned its validity. The following text is from Ševiˋit 1:1, Notes 6–7. and asked about it. Rebbi Krispedai³⁴¹In Ševiˋit 1:1, his name is Crispus. in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Rabban Gamliel and his court abolished the prohibitions of the first two terms³⁴²Agricultural work is forbidden in the Sabbatical year. In Tractate Ševiˋit, rabbinic interpretation infers from verses that also the preparation of fields or orchards for the new sowing or planting season, in summer and early fall, is forbidden in the months preceding New Year’s day of the Sabbatical. These terms are different for sowing and planting; they are referred to as “the two periods.”
However, since the biblical commandment of the Sabbatical is intrinsically connected with that of the Jubilee, it cannot be in force when the Jubilee is not in force, i. e., if not all of Israel dwells on the ancestral land distributed by Joshua. Therefore during the Second Commonwealth the Sabbatical was a rabbinic institution. Rabban Gamliel (of Jabneh, the first Patriarch after the destruction of the Second Temple) decided that in the absence of the Temple the rabbinic institution of the Sabbatical should continue without extensions. While his Court was the highest authority in his time, he could not compete in standing with the Men of the Great Assembly who established the rules for the Second Commonwealth.. Rebbi (Jonathan) [Joḥanan]³⁴³The text in parentheses is that of the Leiden ms., the [correct] one in brackets is from the Geniza fragment which is legible at this place. asked. Did we not state³²⁸Mishnah Idiut 1:5., “for no court may invalidate the words of another court unless it be greater in wisdom and numbers”? There came Rav Abun, Rav Jehudah in the name of Samuel: they taught this only about other [decrees] than the eighteen. Therefore, the eighteen even a greater one cannot abolish, because they fought for it with their lives. Rebbi Mana said, this makes it reasonable that it is not so; since this is a case of force it is invalid³⁴⁴The first argument was that the 18 decrees must be inviolate because people were killed for it; R. Mana’s argument is that the decrees were imposed by force and therefore are intrinsically invalid.. They objected, is there not oil which is of the eighteen? And Rebbi (Jonathan) [Joḥanan]³⁴³The text in parentheses is that of the Leiden ms., the [correct] one in brackets is from the Geniza fragment which is legible at this place. objected! Rav Cahana the son of Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba; Rebbi Aḥa bent it in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Oil, they abolished what was abolished³⁴⁵As stated earlier, the decree about Gentile olive oil never was accepted by the people; it never became enforceable law..", "Naḥman, the son of Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥmani in the name of Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥmani: The five kinds of purification sacrifices which are left to die, if the Court decides to abolish, they may abolish³⁴⁶Mishnah Temurah 3:1. A purification sacrifice is an obligation; it cannot be offered voluntarily nor can there be more than one sacrifice for one obligation. Also it is most holy; its sacred status cannot be abolished. Therefore the calf born to an animal dedicated as purification sacrifice, or a substitute for such an animal, or one whose owner had died, or a dedicated one which became too old to be sacrificed, or one which was lost and found later when it had developed a defect and the owner in the meantime had offered a substitute, are intrinsically holy but forbidden as sacrifices. The rule, classified in the Babli (Bekhorot 16a, Temurah 18a) as “tradition”, i. e., being part of the original institutions of post-exilic Judaism, possibly older, is treated here as rabbinic interpretation.. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Ada said, that means that they are not sent to die but are used for voluntary sacrifices. But as far as sacrificing on the altar is concerned, no purification sacrifice destined to die may be sacrificed³⁴⁷While biblically the animal cannot become a sacrifice in any form, if it develops a blemish it can be sold as profane and the money used for additional Temple sacrifices.."], "he": ["משנה: אֵילּוּ מֵהֲלָכוֹת שֶׁאָמְרוּ בַעֲלִיַית חֲנַנְיָה בֶן חִזְקִיָּה בֶן גָּרוֹן כְּשֶׁעָלוּ לְבַקְּרוֹ. נִמְנוּ וְרַבּוּ בֵּית שַׁמַּאי עַל בֵּית הִלֵּל וּשְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר דָּבָר גָּזְרוּ בוֹ בַיּוֹם:", "הלכה: אֵילּוּ מֵהֲלָכוֹת שֶׁאָמְרוּ בַעֲלִיַית חֲנַנְיָה בֶן חִזְקִיָּה בֶן גָּרוֹן כְּשֶׁעָלוּ לְבַקְּרוֹ כול׳. אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם הָיָה קָשֶׁה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כַּיּוֹם שֶׁנַּעֲשֶׂה בוֹ הָעֶגֶל. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר. בּוֹ בַיּוֹם גָּדְשׁוּ אֶת הַסְּאָה. רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר. בּוֹ בַיּוֹם מָחֲקוּ אוֹתָהּ. אָמַר לוֹ רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. אִילּוּ הָיְתָה חֲסֵירָה וּמִילְאוּהָ. יְאוּת. לְחָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵיאָה אֱגוֹזִין. כָּל מַה שֶׁאַתָּה נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ שׁוּמְשְׁמִין הִיא מְחַזֶּקֶת. אָמַר לוֹ רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. אִילּוּ הָיְתָה מְלֵיאָה וְחִיסְּרוּהָ. יְאוּת. לְחָבִית שֶׁהָיְתָה מְלֵיאָה שֶׁמֶן. כָּל מַה שֶׁאַתָּה נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ מַיִם הִיא מְפַזֶּרֶת אֶת הְשֶּׁמֶן.", "תַּנָּא רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹנָיָיא. תַּלְמִידֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי עָמְדוּ לָהֶן מִלְּמַטָּה וְהָיוּ הוֹרְגִין בְּתַלְמִידֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. תַּנֵּי. שִׁשָּׁה מֵהֶן עָלוּ וְהַשְּׁאָר עָמְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן בַּחֲרָבוֹת וּבִרְמָחִים.", "תַּנֵּי. שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר דָּבָר גָּזְרוּ וּבִשְׁמוֹנָה עֶשְׂרֶה רָבוּ וּבִשְׁמוֹנָה עֶשְׂרֶה נֶחְלְקוּ. וְאֵילּוּ הֵן שֶׁגָּזְרוּ. עַל פִּיתָּן שֶׁלְּגוֹיִם וְעַל גְּבִינָּתָן וְעַל שַׁמְנָן וְעַל בְּנוֹתֵיהֶן וְעַל שִׁכְבַת זַרְעָן וְעַל מֵימֵי רַגְלֵיהֶן וְעַל הִילְכוֹת בַּעַל קֶרִי וְעַל הִילְכוֹת אֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים. תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן. אֵילּוּ פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. הָאוֹכֵל אוֹכֶל רִאשׁוֹן. וְהָאוֹכֵל אוֹכֶל שֵׁינִי. וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין. וְהַבָּא רֹאשׁוֹ וְרוּבּוֹ בְּמַיִם שְׁאוּבִין. וְטָהוֹר שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וְרוּבּוֹ שְׁלֹשֶׁת לוּגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין. וְהַסֵּפֶר וְהַיָּדַיִם וְהַטְּבוּל יוֹם. וְהָאוֹכְלִים וְהַכֵּלִים שֶׁנִּיטְמְאוּ בְמַשְׁקִין.", "רַבָּנִן דְּקַיְסָרִין אָמְרוּ. אֵילּוּ שֶׁגָּזְרוּ מִמַּה שֶׁרָבוּ שׁוּבְעָה אִינּוּן. וְאִילֵּין אִינֻּין חוֹרָנִיָיתָא. מִי שֶׁהֶחֱשִׁיךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ נוֹתֵן כִּיסּוֹ לְנָכְרִי. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ לֹא יֹאכַל הַזָּב עִם הַזָּבָה מִפְּנֵי הֶרְגֵּל עֲבֵירָה. כָּל הַמִּיטַּלְטְלִין מְבִיאִין טוּמְאָה כְּעוֹבִי הַמַּרְדֵּעַ. כֵּיצַד בּוֹצְרִין בֵּית הַפְּרָס. הַמַּנִּיחַ כֵּלִים תַּחַת הַצִּינּוֹר. עַל שִׁשָּׁה סְפֵיקוֹת שׂוֹרְפִין אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן. אַף גִּידּוּלֵי תְרוּמָה. אֵילּוּ הֵן שֶׁגָּזְרוּ. אִילֵּין עֲשַׂרְתֵּי קַדְמִיָיתָא וְהַשְּׁאָר מִן מַה דְתַנֵּי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַי. בּוֹ בַיּוֹם גָּזְרוּ עַל פִּיתָּן וְעַל גְּבִינָּתָן וְעַל יֵינָן וְעַל חוּמְצָן וְעַל צִירָן וְעַל מוּרִיֵיסָן עַל כְּבוּשֵׁיהֶן וְעָל שְׁלוּקֵיהֶן וְעַל מְלוּחֵיהֶן וְעַל הַחִילְקָה וְעַל הַשְּׁחִיקָה וְעַל הַטִּיסָּנִי וְעַל לְשׁוֹנָן וְעַל עֵדוּתָן וְעַל מַתְּנוֹתֵיהֶן עַל בְּנֵיהֶן וְעַל בְּנוֹתֵיהֶן וְעַל בְּכוֹרֵיהֶן.", "פִּיתָּן. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן. מֵהֲלָכוֹת שֶׁלְּעִימְעוּם הִיא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. קַשְׁיָיתָהּ קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא. מָהוּ מֵהֲלָכוֹת שֶׁלְּעִימְעוּם. כָּךְ אָנוּ אוֹמְרִים. בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁפַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְצוּיָה בְּדִין הָיָה שֶׁתְּהֵא פַת גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרָה. וִעִמְעֲמוּ עָלֶיהָ וְהִתִּירוּהָ. אוֹ בִמְקוֹם שֶׁאֵין פַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְצוּיָה בְּדִין הָיָה שֶׁתְּהֵא פַת גּוֹיִם מוּתֶּרֶת. וִעִימְעֲמוּ עָלֶיהָ וְאַסְּרוּהָ. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. וְיֵשׁ עִימְעוּם לְאִיסּוּר. וּפַת לָאו תַּבְשִׁילֵי גוֹיִם הוּא. כָּךְ אָנוֹ אוֹמְרִים. בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאֵין תַּבְשִׁילֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מְצוּיִין בְּדִין הָיָה שֶׁיְּהוּ תַבְשִׁילֵי גּוֹיִם מוּתָּרִין. וִעִימְעֲמוּ עֲלֵיהֶן וְאַסְּרוּם. אֶלָּא כֵינִי. בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאֵין פַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְצוּיָה בְּדִין הָיָה שֶׁתְּהֵא פַת גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרָה. וִעִימְעֲמוּ עָלֶיהָ וְהִתִּירוּהָ מִפְּנֵי חַיֵּי נֶפֶשׁ. רַבָּנִן דְּקַיְסָרִין בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא. כְּדִבְרֵי מִי שֶׁהוּא מַתִּיר. וּבִלְבַד מִן הַפְּלָטֵר. וְלֹא עָבְדִין כֵּן.", "אָמְרוּן קוֹמֵי רִבִּי חִיָיה רוֹבָא. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַי כֵן. אוֹכֶל תִּשְׁבְּרוּ מֵאִתָּם בַּכֶּסֶף וַאֲכַלְתֶּם וְגַם מַיִם תִּכְרוּ מֵאִתָּם וגו׳. מַה מַיִם שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּנּוּ מִבְּרִיָיתָן אַף כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּנֶּה מִבְּרִיָיתוֹ. הָתִיבוּן. הֲרֵי מוּטַלְיָיה וּפַנְקְרֵיסִים וְקוּבָטִיּוֹת וּקְלָיוֹת וְחַמִּין שֶׁלָּהֶן הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ מוּתָּרִין. נִיחָא כוּלְּהֹן שֶׁהֵן יְכוֹלִין לְהִשָּׁרוֹת וְלַהחֳזֹר כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ. קְלָיוֹת מַה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן בְּשֵׁם רַב. כָּל אוֹכֶל שֶׁהוּא נֶאֱכָל חַי כְּמוֹת שֶׁהוּא אֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם תַּבְשִׁילֵי גוֹיִם וְיוֹצְאִין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם עֵירוּבֵי תַבְשִׁילִין. מַה מְקַיֵים רִבִּי חִיָיא רוֹבָא אוֹכֶל תִּשְׁבְּרוּ מֵאִתָּם. בָּאוֹכֶל תְּשַׁבְּרוּ. הֶאֱכָלָתוֹ שִׁבַּרְתּוֹ. שֶׁאִם הָיָה קָשֶׁה עָלֶיךָ כְּאוֹכֶל תְּשַׁבְּרוֹ. וְאִם לָאו. הַכְרֶעַ עָלָיו כֶּסֶף. אָמְרִין. כֵּן הֲוָה רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן עֲבַד. כַּד הֲוָה חֲמִי בַּר נַשׁ רַב עֲלִיל לָקַרְתֵּיהּ הֲוָה מְשַׁלַּח לֵיהּ אִיקְרִין. מַיי אֲמַר. דְּאִין הֲוָה דַיֵין דְּיָיתֹם אוֹ דַיֵין דְּאַרְמְלָה נִישְׁכַּח אַפִּין מְפַיְיסֵיהּ עֲלוֹי.", "גְּבִינָּתָן. אָמַר רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה. חָלָב הַגּוֹי לָמָּה הוּא אָסוּר. מִשּׁוּם תַּעֲרוֹבֶת בְּהֵמָה טְמֵיאָה. וְתַנֵּי כֵן. עוֹמֵד הוּא יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּעֶדֶר וְהַגּוֹי חוֹלֵב וּמֵבִיא לוֹ וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ. רִבִּי בָּא בְּשֵׁם רַב יְהוּדָה. רִבִּי סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. חָלָב הַגּוֹי לָמָּה הוּא אָסוּר. מִשּׁוּם גִּילּוּי. וְיַעֲמִיד. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק. מִפְּנֵי אֶירֶס הַנָּתוּן בֵּין הַנְּקָבִים. וְתַנֵּי כֵן. שְׁלֹשָׂה אִירְסִין הֵן. אֶחָד צַף וְאֶחָד שׁוֹקֵעַ וְאֶחָד עָשׂוּי כִשְׂבָכָה וְעוֹמֵד מִלְּמַעְלָה. בִּימוֹי דְּרִבִּי יִרְמְיָה אִיתְגַּלְיָין גִּיגִיָיתָא דְּסִדְרָה רוֹבָא. שָׁתוֹן קַדְמַאֵי וְלָא מַיָיתוֹן. אַחֲרָאֵי וּמַייתוֹן. אֲנִי אוֹמֵר. אֶירֶס שׁוֹקֵעַ הֲוָה. פּוֹעֲלַיָּיא הֲווּ בְּטוּרָא. אִיתְגַּלְיַית קוּלְתָה דְמַיָּא. שָׁתוֹן קַדְמָאֵי וְלָא מַייתוֹן. אַחֲרָאֵי וּמַייתוֹן. אֲנִי אוֹמֵר. אֶירֶס שׁוֹקֵעַ הֲוָה.", "הַשֶּׁמֶן וְהַחוֹמֶץ הַצִּיר וְהַמּוּרִיֵיס וְהַדְּבָשׁ אֵין בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם גִּילּוּי. וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹסֵר. מוֹדִין חֲכָמָים לְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן כְּשֶׁרָאוּ אוֹתוֹ נוֹקֵר. וְתַנֵּי כֵן. אֲבַטִּיחַ שֶׁנִּיקָר וְאָכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ עֲשָׂרָה בְנֵי אָדָם וְכֵן יַיִן שֶׁנִּתְגַּלֶּה וְשָׁתוּ מִמֶּנּו עֲשָׂרָה בְנֵי אָדָם אָסוּר לוֹכַל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶן. אֲנִי אוֹמֵר. אֶירֶס שׁוֹקֵעַ הָיָה.", "שַׁמָנָן. מִי אָסַר אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן. רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר. דָּנִיאֵל אָסַר אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן. וַיָּשֶׂם דָּנִיֵּאל עַל לִיבּוֹ אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִתְגָּאַל בְּפַת בַּג הַמֶּלֶךְ וּבְיֵין מִשְׁתָּיו. רִבִּי אָחָא רִבִּי תַנְחוּם בַּר חִיָיה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְאִית דְּאָמְרֵי לָהּ בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹלִין עָלָיו לְהַר הַמֶּלֶךְ וְנֶהֱרָגִין עָלָיו.", "וּמִי הִתִּירוֹ. רִבִּי וּבֵית דִּינוֹ הִתִּירוּ בַשֶּׁמֶן. בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה מְקוֹמוֹת נִקְרָא רִבִּי יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא רַבּוֹתֵינוּ. בְּגִיטִּין וּבַשֶּׁמֶן וּבְסַנְדָּל. וְיִקְרְאוּ לוֹ בֵּית דִּין שַׁרְיָיא. שֶׁכָּל בֵּית דִּין שֶׁהוּא מְבַטֵּל שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים הוּא נִקְרָא בֵּית דִין שָׁרִיָיא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן בֵּירִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. בֵּית דִּינוֹ חָלוּק עָלָיו בְּגִיטִּין. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בָּעֵי. וְלֹא כֵן תַּנִּינָן. שֶׁאֵין בֵּית דִּין יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל דִּבְרֵי בֵית דִּין חֲבֵירוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בַחָכְמָה וּבַמִּינְיָין. וְרִבִּי וּבֵית דִּינוֹ מַתִּירִין מַה שֶׁאָסַר דָּנִיֵּאל וַחֲבוּרָתוֹ. אֶלָּא רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן כְּדַעְתֵּיהּ. דָּמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי לָעָזָר בֵּירִבִּי צָדוֹק. מְקוּבָּל אֲנִי שֶׁכָּל גְּזֵירָה שֶׁבֵּית דִּין גּוֹזְרִין עַל הַצִּיבּוּר וְלֹא קִיבְּלוּ רוֹב הַצִּיבּוּר עֲלֵיהֶן אֵינָהּ גְּזֵירָה. וּבָדְקוּ וּמָצְאוּ גְּזֵירָה שֶׁלְּשֶׁמֶן וְלֹא קִיבְּלוּ רוֹב הַצִּיבּוּר עֲלֵיהֶן.", "יִצְחָק בַּר שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר מַרְתָּא נְחַת לְנְצִיבִין. אַשְׁכַּח רִבִּי שִׂמְלַאי הַדְּרוֹמִי יְתִיב וּדְּרִישׁ. רִבִּי וּבֵית דִּינוֹ הִתִּירוּ בַשֶּׁמֶן. שְׁמוּאֵל קְבִיל עֲלוֹיי וְאָכַל. רַב לָא אָכַל. אֲמַר לֵיהּ שְׁמוּאֵל. אֲכוֹל. דִּלָא כֵן אֲנָא כְתִיב עָלָךְ זָקֵן מַמְרֵא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. עַד דַּאֲנָא תַּמָּן אֲנָא יְדַע מָאן עִירְעֵר עֲלֵיהּ. רִבִּי שִׂמלַאי הַדְּרוֹמִי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מָהוּ מַר לֵיהּ בְּשֵׁם גַּרְמֵיהּ. לֹא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי וּבֵית דִּינוֹ. וְאַטְרַח עֲלוּי וְאָכַל.", "בְּנוֹתֵיהֶן. אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר. בְּשִׁבְעָה מְקוֹמוֹת כָּתוּב לֹא תִּתְחַתֵּן בָּם. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבִּין. לוֹסַר שִׁבְעָה עַמְמִים. תַּנָּא רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹנָיָיה. לוֹסַר אֶת בֵּיצֵיהֶן. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. וְאֵת בַּת הַיַּעֲנָה. זוֹ בֵיצַת הַנַּעֲמִית.", "שִׁכְבַת זַרְעָן. וְלֹא כֵן אָמַר רִבִּי אָחָא רִבִּי חִינְנָא בָשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. שִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ שֶׁלְּגוֹי טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁאֵי אֶיפְשַׁר לְשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע לָצֵאת בְּלֹא מֵימֵי רַגְלַיִם.", "וְעַל הִילְכוֹת בַּעַל קֶרִי. רִבִּי בָּא בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי. שׁוֹנֶה הֲלָכוֹת וְאֵינוֹ שׁוֹנֶה אֲגָדוֹת. תַּנֵּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. שׁוֹנֶה הֲלָכוֹת רוֹגַלִּיּוֹת. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יַצִּיעַ אֶת מִשְׁנָתוֹ. וְאִית דְּבָעֵי מֵימַר. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יַזְכִּיר אֶת הָאַזְכָּרוֹת.", "וְעַל הִילְכוֹת אֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים. וְלֹא כֵן אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא בַּר אַבִּינָּא בְשֵׁם רַב יִרְמְיָה. יוֹסֵף בֶּן יוֹעֶזֶר אִישׁ צְרֵידָה וְיוֹסֵי בֵּן יוֹחָנָן אִישׁ יְרוּשָׁלִַם גָּזְרוּ טוּמְאָה עַל אֵרֵץ הָעַמִּים וְעַל כְּלֵי זְכוּכִית. רִבִּי יוֹנָה אָמַר. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן טַבַּאי. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן טַבַּאי וְשִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן שֶׁטַח גָּזְרוּ טוּמְאָה עַל כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת. הִלֵּל וְשַׁמַּי גָזְרוּ עַל טַהֳרַת הַיָּדַיִם. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי לֵוִי. כָּךְ הָיְתַה הֲלָכָה בְיָדָן וּשְׁכָחוּה. וְעָמְדוּ הַשְּׁנִיִּם וְהִסְכִּימוּ עַל דַּעַַת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. לְלַמְּדָךְ שֶׁכָּל דָּבָר שֶׁנּוֹתְנִין בֵּית דִּין נַפְשָׁן עָלָיו סוֹפוֹ לְהִתְקַיֵים בְּיָדָן כְּמַה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לְמֹשֶׁה בְסִינַי. וְאַתְיָיא כַּיי דָּמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. כִּי לֹא דָבָר רֵק הוּא מִכֶּם. וְאִם דָּבָר רֵק הוּא. מִכֶּם. לָמָּה הוּא. שֶׁאֵין אַתֵּם יְגֵיעִין בּוֹ. כִּי הוּא חַיֵּיכֶם. אֵימָתַי הוּא חַיֵּיכֶם. בָּשָׁעָה שֶׁאַתֵּם יְגֵיעִין בּוֹ.", "שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא בְתוֹךְ י״ח. הָא חוּץ לְי״ח אֲפִילוּ קָטָן מְבַטֵּל. הָתִיבוּן. הֲרֵי שְׁבִיעִית. הֲרֵי חוּץ לְי״ח דָּבַר. וְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מַקְשֵׁי לָהּ. רִבִּי קְרִיסְפְּדָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וּבֵית דִּינוֹ הִתִּירוּ בָאִיסּוּר שְׁנֵי פְרָקִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. רִבִּי (יוֹנָתָן) [יוֹחָנָן] בָּעֵי. וְלֹא כֵן תַּנְיָין. שֶׁאֵין בֵּית דִּין יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל אֶת דִּבְרֵי בֵית דִּין חֲבֵירוֹ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן גָּדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בַחָכְמָה וּבַמִּנְיָין. אָתָא רַב אָבוּן רַב יְהוּדָה בְשֵׁם שְׁמוּאֵל. לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא חוּץ לְי״ח. הָא בְתוֹךְ י״ח אֲפִילוּ גָדוֹל אֵינוֹ מְבַטֵּל. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעָמְדָה לָהֶן בְּנַפְשׁוֹתֵיהֶן. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. לֹא מִסְתַּבְּרָא דְלֹא הוֹאִיל וְהוּא אוֹנֵס בָּטֵל. הָתִיבוּן. הֲרֵי שֶׁמֶן. הֲרֵי בְתוֹךְ י״ח. וְרִבִּי (יוֹנָתָן) [יוֹחָנָן] מַקְשֵׁי לָהּ. רַב כַּהֲנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי חִיָיה בַּר אַבָּא. רִבִּי אָחָא מַטֵּי בָהּ בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. שֶׁמֶן בִּיטְלוּ מְבוּטָּל.", "נַחְמָן בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי. חָמֵשׁ חַטָּאוֹת מֵיתוֹת רָצוּ בֵית דִּין לְבַטֵּל מְבַטְּלִין. אָמַר רִבִּי חִיָיא בַּר אָדָא. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אָמַר. שֶׁלֹּא יִדָּחוּ לְמִיתָה וְיִפְּלוּ לִנְדָבָה. אֲבָל לִיקָּרֵב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֵין חַטָּאת מֵיתָה קְרֵיבָה."], "versions": [{"status": "locked", "priority": "", "license": "CC-BY", "versionNotes": "", "formatAsPoetry": "", "digitizedBySefaria": "", "method": "", "heversionSource": "", "versionUrl": "", "versionTitleInHebrew": "", "versionNotesInHebrew": "", "shortVersionTitle": "", "shortVersionTitleInHebrew": "", "extendedNotes": "", "extendedNotesHebrew": "", "purchaseInformationImage": "", "purchaseInformationURL": "", "hasManuallyWrappedRefs": "", "language": "he", "title": "Jerusalem Talmud Shabbat", "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001901012/NLI", "versionTitle": "The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. 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