One who takes old (ie used) vessels from one who worships idols [lit. stars] - the way in which the idol-worshipper used them, this is how he kashers them. Therefore, one who takes a used old vessel which was used for cold, such as cups and plates and others like that - he washes them and he must scrub them well in water at the time of washing in order to remove and polish the issur (forbidden matter) which is on them, and afterwards rinse them in water and dip them (in a mikvah). GLOSS: There are places where the custom is to permit placing wine in vessels (ie barrels) where the planks of wood are smeared with fat because the nature of wine is to separate itself from the fat, and the fat congeals and stands by itself and does not touch the wine at all (Ribash 149).
[He] took from them [the idol-worshipper] vessels which were used with heat, whether they were made of metal, wood or stone, he dunks them in boiling hot water and afterwards dips them in a mikveh (if they are made of metal) and then they and are permitted. If you dipped them [ie metal vessels] in a mikveh [first] and then dunked them in boiling hot water - they are permitted. And there are those who say that they must be dipped in the mikvah again. GLOSS: This is also the rule regarding a vessel made of bones, see the laws of Passover 451. One should not dunk a vessel in boiling water when the vessel has been used within the past 24 hours (see the Tur) and one should not use the water from the boiling (Aruch). Every instance in which dunking in boiling water is required it doesn't help if you scrape them with a tool. And see above 108: The Law of a Bread Paddel which is Issur.
The laws of [making kosher through] boiling and heating until it turns white are written in the Laws of Passover.
A pan which was fried in, even though with regards to chametz on Passover it is enough to dunk in boiling water, with regards to other forbidden matters we require whitening through fire.
If one dunks in boiling water a vessel which requires whitening by fire, the vessel may not be used with hot food even if it is not next to the fire. GLOSS: But it is permitted to use for cold food, even from the outset [without dunking in boiling water either], through washing and scrubbing well, and all the more so with regards to a vessel which requires dunking in boiling water. And this can only be done in temporary circumstances such as when he is in the house of an idol-worshipper or it is after the fact. But if he wants to use these vessels on a regular basis, there are some who are stringent and say that even to use it with cold, dunking in boiling water or whitening through heat is required. It is decreed lest once come to use it with hot, and this is our custom. And even vessels which were used for cold, if there is a concern that they were used to heat wine such as a vessel made of silver, our practice is to dunk in boiling water and it should not be changed. And even chests and tables which were acquired from idol-worshippers, it is our custom to dunk them in boiling water, for they may have spilled something hot on them, and this is specifically from the outset, but after the fact there is no need to worry about all of this. And an earthenware vessel which was used for cold, which is impossible to dunk in boiling water, we consider 'after the fact' and we say that it is enough to empty it and scrub it well, and it is permitted to place in it afterwards even sharp foods like vinegar and others like that. And all the more so hard things like spices and others like that, and see above 91.
Metal vessels - even though there are those who that say that if it is used only partially for forbidden foods, the entire vessel is forbidden, because something on part of it is like something hot on all of it, but with regards to kashering it, it doesn't have the effect unless you kasher the entire thing whether it is through dunking in boiling water or whitening by fire. GLOSS: And specifically if the entire vessel was used, but if you know that it was not [all] used, only partially, as it is absorbed is where it emits.
An old [ie used] knife, whether it is big or small, which is acquired from an idol worshipper - if you want to use it to cut something cold - if it doesn't have dimples/holes - thrust it into hard ground 10 times. And every single thrust must be into hard ground. Therefore one may not thrust into a place where there was already another thrust. And even if you cut a sharp food like a raddish this is sufficient (REMA: And to use it regularly don't diminish that which is done for other vessels, for which we dunk in boiled water even for cold). (As it was explained) if there are dimples (or) you want to cut something hot or slaughter [with the knife], whiten it through fire, or sharpen with a whetstone of a blacksmith well on every surface. GLOSS: There are those who say that sharpening this way is only to cut something cold, not something hot, and this is the custom a priori. And if you are not able to whiten the knife through fire well because of the handle, whiten it through fire and dunk in boiling water after. However, if you whitened but did not dunk in boiling water, even if there are dimples, or if you dunked but did not whiten and there are not dimples and you cut something warm it won't be forbidden even if the knife has been used in the previous day, and if you sharpened it well with a whetstone in every place, and dunk it in boiling water afterwords it is effective like whitening through fire if you are able to clean the dimples in it.