וַה' אָמָר. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: יְהִי לְמַלֵּא בִטְנוֹ יְשַׁלַּח בּוֹ חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ וְיַמְטֵר עָלֵימוֹ בִּלְחוּמוֹ (איוב כ, כג). פֻּרְעָנוּת שֶׁבָּאת עַל הַסְּדוֹמִיִּים הָיְתָה לְמַלֹּאת כְּרֵסָן. לְפִי שֶׁמִּלְּאוּ כְרֵסָן מִן הָעֲבֵרוֹת וּמִן הֶחָמָס וּמִן הַגָּזֵל, לְפִיכָךְ אַף הַפֻּרְעָנוּת שֶׁבָּאת עֲלֵיהֶן מִלֵּא כְרֵסָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יְשַׁלַּח בּוֹ חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, בְּמָטָר שֶׁבִּסְדוֹם הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, דִּכְתִיב וְיַמְטֵר עָלֵימוֹ בִּלְחוּמוֹ, וּכְתִיב וַה' הִמְטִיר עַל סְדֹם וְעַל עֲמֹרָה. מַהוּ בִּלְחוּמוֹ? עַל הַמִּלְחָמוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ נִלְחָמִים עִם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאַנְשֵׁי סְדֹם רָעִים וְחַטָּאִים לַה' מְאֹד. רָעִים, זֶה לָזֶה. וְחַטָּאִים, בְּגִלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת. לַה', בְּחֵרוּפִין וְגִדּוּפִין וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. מְאֹד, בִּשְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים. And the Lord said: “Shall I hide from Abraham?” (Gen. 18:17). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: It shall be for the filling of his belly; He shall cast the fierceness of His wrath upon him, and shall cause it to rain upon him into his flesh (Job 20:23). The retribution that befell the Sodomites bloated their bellies because they had filled their bellies previously through their transgressions, violence, and robbery. Hence, the punishment imposed upon them filled their bellies, as it is said: He shall cast the fierceness of His wrath upon him. R. Meir said: Scripture states concerning the rain that fell in Sodom: He shall cause it to rain upon him into his flesh (ibid.) and also: And the Lord caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire (Gen. 19:24). Why into his flesh? Because of the wars they waged with the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is said: The men of Sodom were very wicked and sinful before the Lord (ibid. 13:13). The word wicked implies toward each other; sinful indicates that they were guilty of lewdness; before the Lord means that they blasphemed and reviled the Lord and practiced idolatry; and very (m’od) signifies that they shed blood (dom).
אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר רַבִּי שָׁלוֹם בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר רַבִּי סִימוֹן, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבָּא אַמְרָפֶל וַחֲבֵרָיו לְהִלָּחֵם עִם הַסְּדוֹמִיִּים, עַל יְדֵי שֶׁשָּׁבוּ אֶת לוֹט, שָׁמַע אַבְרָהָם וְיָצָא עֲלֵיהֶם לַמִּלְחָמָה וְהָרַג אֶת הַמְּלָכִים, בָּרְחוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֵּחָלֵק עֲלֵיהֶם לַיְלָה, וּכְתִיב: וְעֵמֶק הַשִּׂדִּים בֶּאֱרֹת בֶּאֱרֹת חֵמָר וַיָּנֻסוּ מֶלֶךְ סְדֹם. הִתְחִיל אַבְרָהָם מְהַרְהֵר לוֹמַר, הַמְּלָכִים בָּאִין לְהִלָּחֵם עַל הַסְּדוֹמִיִּים וְהַמְּלָכִים נוֹפְלִין וְאֵלּוּ בָרְחוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִים הֶרָה נָסוּ, אִלּוּ לֹא הָיוּ כְשֵׁרִין לֹא הָיוּ בוֹרְחִין. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: אֵלּוּ, יִבְרַח מִנֶּשֶׁק בַּרְזֶל תַּחְלְפֵהוּ קֶשֶׁת נְחוּשָׁה שָׁלַף וַיֵּצֵא מִגֵּוָה וּבָרָק מִמְּרֹרָתוֹ יַהֲלֹךְ עָלָיו אֵמִים, כָּל חֹשֶׁךְ טָמוּן לִצְפוּנָיו וְגוֹ' (איוב כ, כד-כו). כָּל הַחֹשֶׁךְ הַזֶּה הֵיכָן הָיָה טָמוּן? לִצְפוֹנָהּ שֶׁל סְדוֹם שֶׁהָיְתָה בִּימִינָהּ שֶׁל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַאֲחוֹתֵךְ הַקְּטַנָּה מִמֵּךְ הַיּוֹשֶׁבֶת מִימִינֵךְ סְדֹם וּבְנוֹתֶיהָ (יחזקאל טז, מו). מַהוּ יֵרַע שָׂרִיד בְּאָהֳלוֹ (איוב כ, כו). שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ שָׂרִיד שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּיֵּר מִשָּׁם, רָעַת הָרָעָה יֵרַע שָׂרִיד בְּאָהֳלוֹ. וְאֵי זֶה, זֶה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל לוֹט, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַתַּבֵּט אִשְׁתּוֹ מֵאַחֲרָיו וַתְּהִי נְצִיב מֶלַח. R. Judah the son of (R.) Shalum said in the name of R. Judah the son of Simon: At the time that Amraphel and his allies fought the Sodomites, they seized Lot; Abraham heard about it and set out to do battle with them. After he slew the kings, the Sodomites escaped, as it is said: And he divided himself against them by night (Gen. 14:15), and Now the vale of Siddim was full of slime-pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled (ibid., v. 10). Abraham reflected upon the matter, saying to himself: The kings that attacked the Sodomites have been slain, while they (the Sodomites) have fled, as is said; And they that remained fled to the mountains (ibid.). Surely if they had been unworthy, they would not have been allowed to escape. The Holy One, blessed be He, replied: The fate of those that fled is alluded to in the verse: If he flee from the iron weapon, the bow of brass shall strike him through. He draweth it forth, and it cometh out of his body; yea, the glittering point cometh out of his gall; terrors are upon him; all darkness is laid up for his treasures; a fire not blown by man shall consume him; it shall go ill with him that is left in his tent (Job 20:24–26). Where was all the darkness laid up? It was in the area north of Sodom, which is at the right (south) of Jerusalem, as it is said: And thy younger sister, that dwelleth at thy right hand, is Sodom and her daughters (Ezek. 16:46). What is meant by the words It shall go ill with him that is left in his tent? They mean that the fugitive who escaped will suffer misfortune in his tent. Who was one such? The wife of Lot, as it is said: But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt (Gen. 19:26).