הֵן קָרְבוּ יָמֶיךָ לָמוּת (דברים לא, יד). אָמַר מֹשֶׁה לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, בַּלָּשׁוֹן שֶׁקִּלַּסְתִּיךָ שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי, הֵן לַה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ הַשָּׁמַיִם (שם י, יד), בּוֹ קָנַסְתָּ עָלַי מִיתָה. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אֲנִי אֶעֱשֶׂה לְךָ קוֹרַת רוּחַ, הִנְּךָ שׁוֹכֵב עִם אֲבוֹתֶיךָ וְגוֹ' (שם לא, טז). אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ, אֵין לְשׁוֹן הִנְּךָ אֶלָּא קוֹרַת רוּחַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׁם יָנוּחוּ יְגִיעֵי כֹּחַ (איוב ג, יז). הֵן קָרְבוּ יָמֶיךָ, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, נֶאֶמְרָה קְרִיבָה בָּאָבוֹת, וְנֶאֶמְרָה בַּמְּלָכִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי דָּוִד (מל״א ב, א), בַּנְּבִיאִים. הֵן קָרְבוּ. אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי, וְכִי יָמִים הֵם מֵתִים. אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ הַצַּדִּיקִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מֵתִין, יְמֵיהֶן בְּטֵלִים מִן הָעוֹלָם. אֲבָל הֵם עַצְמָן קַיָּמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדוֹ נֶפֶשׁ כָּל חָי. מַאי נֶפֶשׁ כָּל חָי. וְכִי נַפְשׁוֹתֵיהֶן שֶׁל חַיִּים הֵן מְסוּרִין בְּיָדוֹ, וְהַמֵּתִים אֵינָן מְסוּרִין בְּיָדוֹ. אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ הַצַּדִּיקִים, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ בְּמִיתָתָן קְרוּיִין חַיִּים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבְנָיָהוּ בֶּן יְהוֹיָדַע בֶּן אִישׁ חַי רַב פְּעָלִים מִקַּבְצְאֵל וְגוֹ' (ש״ב כג, כ). וְכִי כֻלֵּי עַלְמָא בְּנֵי מֵתִים הֲווּ, אֲבָל הָרְשָׁעִים, אֲפִלּוּ בְּחַיֵּיהֶם קְרוּיִים מֵתִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאַתָּה חָלָל רָשָׁע וְגוֹ' (יחזקאל כא, ל). וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר, עַל פִּי שְׁנַיִם עֵדִים אוֹ שְׁלֹשָה עֵדִים יוּמַת הַמֵּת (דברים יז, ו). וְכִי יֵשׁ מֵת שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב מִיתָה אַחֶרֶת. אֶלָּא רָשָׁע בְּחַיָּיו חָשׁוּב כְּמֵת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁרוֹאֶה חַמָּה זוֹרַחַת וְאֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ יוֹצֵר אוֹר, שׁוֹקַעַת וְאֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ מַעֲרִיב עֲרָבִים, אוֹכֵל וְשׁוֹתֶה וְאֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ עָלֶיהָ. אֲבָל הַצַּדִּיקִים, מְבָרְכִין עַל כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר שֶׁאוֹכְלִין וְשׁוֹתִין וְשֶׁרוֹאִין וְשֶׁשׁוֹמְעִין. וְלֹא בְּחַיֵּיהֶם בִּלְבָד, אֶלָּא אֲפִלּוּ בְּמִיתָתָן מְבָרְכִין וּמוֹדִין לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יַעַלְזוּ חֲסִידִים בְּכָבוֹד, יְרַנְּנוּ עַל מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָם, רוֹמְמוֹת אֵל בִּגְרוֹנָם וְחֶרֶב פִּיפִיּוֹת בְּיָדָם (תהלים קמט, ה-ו). (Deut. 31:14:) “Behold (hn) the days are drawing near for you [to die].” Moses said to the Holy One, blessed be He, “Master of the world, with the word that I [used to] praise28Cf. Gk.: kalos. You when I said (in Deut. 10:14), ‘Behold (hn) the heavens [and the heavens of the heavens, the earth and all that is in it] belong to the Lord your God’; by that [very word] (i.e., hn) you have condemned me to death?”29Above, Deut. 2:6. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, “I am bringing you peace of mind, (as in Deut. 31:16), ‘Behold (hn-) you (-k) are [soon] to sleep with your ancestors….’” R. Abbahu said, “The words, behold you (hnk), can only mean peace of mind, since it is stated (in Job 3:17), ‘there (in death) the weary are at rest (yanuhu, understood to have the root hnk).’”30Cf. Gen. R. 9:5. (Deut. 31:14, literally:) “Behold your days are drawing near [to die].” R. Joshua ben Levi said, “A drawing near is uttered with reference to the forefathers, and a drawing near is uttered with reference to the kings (in I Kings 2:1), ‘Then when the days for David to die drew near.’ With reference to the prophets (there is Moses, whom the Holy One, blessed be He, addresses in the second person in Deut. 31:14), ‘Behold your days are drawing near [to die].’” R. Samuel bar Nahmani said, “Do days die? These words are simply a reference to the righteous. When they die, their days pass away from the world, but they themselves remain alive, as stated (in Job 12:10), ‘In whose hand is every living soul.’ If the living are delivered into His hand, are the dead not delivered into His hand? It is simply that these are the righteous, who even in their death are called living.31Ber. 18ab. Thus it is stated (in II Sam. 23:20), ‘And Benaiah ben Jehoiada, the son of a valiant warrior (literally, of a living person) from Kazbeel, [who had performed great deeds…].’ And is not everyone [eventually] dead? However, the wicked during their lifetime and in their death are called dead, as stated (in Ezek. 21:30), ‘And you, O slain wicked [prince of Israel, whose day has come…].’” And so it says (in Deut. 17:6), “On the evidence of two or three witnesses shall the dead be put to death.” Does someone dead deserve another death? It is simply that the wicked during life are regarded as dead. Because on seeing the rising sun, such a one does not say the blessing, "blessed be the One who forms light."32The opening blessing before the morning Shema‘. When it sets, he does not say the blessing, "who brings on evenings."33The opening blessing before the evening Shema‘. Nor does he say a blessing when eating or drinking. However, the righteous do say a blessing for each and every thing that they eat and drink, and see and hear. Moreover, [these blessings] are uttered not only while they are alive, but even when they are dead. Thus it is stated (in Ps. 149:5-6), “Let the saints rejoice in glory; let them sing for joy upon their beds. With paeans to God in their throats and two-edged swords in their hands.”
סְלִיק סֵפֶר דְּבָרִים. The end of the book of Deuteronomy