הַאֲזִינוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם, זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: נֶפֶשׁ עָמֵל עָמְלָה לוֹ כִּי אָכַף עָלָיו פִּיהוּ (משלי טז, כו). מָה רָאָה מֹשֶׁה לִקְרֹא לַשָּׁמַיִם וְלָאָרֶץ בִּשְׁעַת פְּטִירָתוֹ. אֶלָּא לְלַמֶּדְךָ, שֶׁקָּרָא אוֹתָן לְצַוּוֹתָן עַל עַצְמָן. אָמַר לָהֶן, הֲרֵי גָּזַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עָלַי שֶׁאָמוּת, תְּנוּ דַּעַתְכֶם הֵיאַךְ תִּהְיוּ מְקַבְּלִין אוֹתִי בְּכָבוֹד, שֶׁתִּהְיוּ מִסְתַּכְּלִין בִּי כְּאִלּוּ אֲנִי חַי וּמְדַבֵּר אֶת דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה לָעוֹלָם. הַאֲזִינוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁכְּבָר אָמַרְתִּי לָכֶם, הַעִדֹתִי בָכֶם הַיּוֹם וְגוֹ' (דברים ל, יט), תְּנוּ דַּעַתְכֶם שֶׁלֹּא תִּהְיוּ מְקַטְרְגִין עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאַחַר מוֹתִי, אֶלָּא הֱיוּ זְכוּרִים כְּאִלּוּ אֲנִי חַי וְעוֹמֵד עֲלֵיהֶם לְבַקֵּשׁ רַחֲמִים. אָמַר יְשַׁעְיָה, שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמַיִם וְהַאֲזִינִי אֶרֶץ (ישעיה א, ב). מָה רָאָה יְשַׁעְיָהוּ לוֹמַר, שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמַיִם. אֶלָּא לְלַמֶּדְךָ, שֶׁכָּל דִּבְרֵי הַנְּבִיאִים שָׁוִים. מֹשֶׁה אָמַר, הַאֲזִינוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם. וִישַׁעְיָהוּ אָמַר, שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמַיִם וְהַאֲזִינִי אֶרֶץ. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מְלַמֵּד, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר מֹשֶׁה אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, בַּשָּׁמַיִם הָיָה, וְהָיָה מְדַבֵּר עִם הַשָּׁמַיִם כְּאָדָם שֶׁמְּדַבֵּר עִם חֲבֵרוֹ, שֶׁאָמַר, הַאֲזִינוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם. וְרָאָה אֶת הָאָרֶץ רְחוֹקָה מִמֶּנּוּ, וְאָמַר, וְתִשְׁמַע הָאָרֶץ. אֲבָל יְשַׁעְיָה שֶׁהָיָה בָּאָרֶץ וְרָאָה שָׁמַיִם רְחוֹקִים מִמֶּנּוּ, הִתְחִיל לוֹמַר, שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ, וְהַאֲזִינִי אֶרֶץ, שֶׁהָיְתָה קְרוֹבָה אֵלָיו. כִּי ה' דִּבֵּר (שם), אָמְרוּ לוֹ: יְשַׁעְיָה רַבֵּנוּ, וְכִי דִּבֵּר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְלֹא רָעֲשָׁה הָאָרֶץ. וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר, אֶרֶץ רָעֲשָׁה אַף שָׁמַיִם וְגוֹ', מִפְּנֵי אֱלֹהִים זֶה סִינַי (תהלים סח, ט). וְהַמַּיִם נִזְדַּעְזְעוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: מִקּוֹלוֹת מַיִם רַבִּים וְגוֹ' (שם צג, ד). אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן וַיְדַבֵּר אֱלֹהִים אֶת כָּל הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וְגוֹ' (שמות כ, א). אִלּוּ דִּבֵּר עִמְּךָ, הָיִיתָ חַי. מָשָׁל לְשִׁלְטוֹן שֶׁנִּכְנַס לַמְּדִינָה. בָּא אִסְטְרַטְיוּטוֹן שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ מְדִינָה אֶצְלוֹ. כֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּא שִׁלְטוֹן לְדַבֵּר עִמָּהֶם, נִטְּלָה מֵהֶן דַּעְתָּן. לְיָמִים, בָּא קַרְתָּנִי אֶחָד, אָמַר לָהֶם: זֶה הַשִּׁלְטוֹן הוּא אוֹהֲבִי וַאֲנִי רָגִיל לְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אֵין אָנוּ יְכוֹלִין לְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ, אֶלָּא אִם הוּא אוֹהַבְךָ, דַּבֵּר עִמּוֹ בַּעֲדֵנוּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ עִמָּנוּ. אָמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לִישַׁעְיָה, אָנוּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא קְרָאָנוּ בָּנָיו, דִּכְתִיב: בְּנִי בְּכוֹרִי יִשְׂרָאֵל (שמות ד, כב), וּכְתִיב: הָעֲמוּסִים מִנִּי בָטֶן וְגוֹ' (ישעיה מו, ג), כֵּיוָן שֶׁדִּבֵּר עִמָּנוּ בְּסִינַי, נַפְשֵׁנוּ יָצְאָה בְּדַבְּרוֹ. שֶׁמָּא אִם יְדַבֵּר עִמָּנוּ נָמוּת. אֶלָּא אַתָּה רַבֵּנוּ קְרַב אַתָּה וּשְׁמַע, כְּמוֹ שֶׁעָשָׂה מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ. וּמִנַּיִן הָיְתָה הָעֲטָרָה הַזֹּאת לִישַׁעְיָה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעַתָּה אָמַר ה' יוֹצְרִי מִבֶּטֶן לְעֶבֶד לוֹ לְשׁוֹבֵב יַעֲקֹב אֵלָיו (שם מט, ה). וּלְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמַיִם וְגוֹ'. (Deut. 32:1:) “Give ear, O heavens, and let me speak; let the earth hear the words of my mouth.” This text is related (to Prov. 16:26), “The soul of a laborer labors for him, because his mouth (i.e., hunger) urges him on.” Why did Moses call to the heavens and the earth at the time of his passing away? [It was] simply to teach you that he called them to charge them concerning himself. He said to them, “Behold, the Holy One, blessed be He, has decreed over me that I am to die. Set your mind on how you will receive me in glory, so that you look at me as if I were alive and speaking words of Torah for the world.” (Deut. 32:1:) “Give ear, O heavens,” as I have already told you (in Deut. 4:26), “I have called heaven and earth to witness against you today.” See to it that you do not accuse1Rt.: QTRG, from the Greek verb kategorein. Israel after my death,2See III Enoch 26:12 = Sefer Enoch: Seder Ruhot, in A. Jellinek, Beth ha-Midrasch (Leipzig: C. W. Vollfath, 1853–57), vol. 5, pp. 179–180. but be mindful, as if I were alive, standing up to ask mercy for [Israel]. Isaiah said (in Is. 1:2), “Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth.” What was the reason for Isaiah saying, “Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth?” [It was] simply to teach you that all the words of the prophets are equivalent. Moses said, “Give ear, O heavens,” and Isaiah said, “Hear, O heavens.” R. Aqiva said, “[This] teaches that when Moses uttered the Torah, he was in the heavens, and that he was speaking with the heavens like one who is speaking with his friend, since he said, ‘Give ear, O heavens.’ But when he saw that the earth was far from him, he said, ‘Let the earth hear the words of my mouth.’ In the case of Isaiah, however, because he was on earth, he said, ‘Hear, O heavens,’ [since they were] far from him. After that he said, ‘And give ear, O earth, because it was near to him. (Is. 1:2, cont.:) “For the Lord has spoken.” They said to him, “Isaiah our teacher, if the Holy One, blessed be He, had spoken, would not the earth have quaked? Has it not already been stated (in Ps. 68:9), ‘The earth quaked, and the heavens [poured], because of the God of Sinai, [because of God, the God of Israel].’ The waters also trembled, as stated (in Ps. 93:4), ‘Than the roarings of many waters....’ When? [When] (in Exod. 20:1) ‘God spoke all these words, saying.’ If he had spoken with you, would you have lived?” It is comparable to a governor who entered a city. A prefect3Gk.: strategos. of that city came. When the governor came to speak with them, they became bewildered. In a few days, a certain bumpkin came. He said to them, “This is my friend, and I am accustomed to speak with him.” They said to him, “We cannot speak with him, but if he is your friend, speak with him on our behalf, and then [speak] with us [and let us know what he says].” [Similarly,] Israel said to Isaiah, “In our case he has called us his children, as stated (in Exod. 4:22), ‘Israel is My first-born son.’ It is also written (in Is. 46:3), ‘[Hearken unto me, O house of Jacob …,] the ones who have been borne by Me from birth, [carried from the womb].’ When He spoke with us at Sinai, our soul departed with His word. Should He speak with us [again], we shall die. But you are our master; draw near and listen, just as Moses our master did.” And what was this crown (status) that Isaiah had? What is stated (in Is. 49:5), “And now the Lord has spoken, the One who formed me in the womb to be His servant […].” Therefore is it stated (in Is. 32:1:) “Hear, O heavens….”