חוּב (b. h.), perf. חָב, part. חַיָיב, חָב [to be bound over, seized,] 1) to be declared guilty, be sentenced; to be punishable; to be (legally, morally or religiously) bound, to be responsible. B. Kam. I, 1 חב המזיק he who caused the damage must pay. Ib. 6ᵇ חב … חייב … מיבעי לה the Mishnah says ḥab, ought it not rather to read ḥayab (part.)?—[Answ.: they are the words of a Jerusalem Tannai.]—Ib. I, 2 כל שׁחַבְתִּי בשמירתו וכ׳ for whatever I am legally bound to guard, I am legally answerable in case of injury. Sabb. I, 1 העני חייב the recipient (the person standing outside) is guilty (of transgressing the Sabbath law).—Y. Ned. I, 36ᵈ top חב על כל וכ׳ he is punishable for each separately.—Ber. IX, 5 חייב אדם וכ׳ man must praise the Lord &c. Ḥag. 4ᵃ, a. e. כל מצוה שהאשה חַיֶיבֶת בה וכ׳ whatever religious act is obligatory on woman, is also obligatory &c.—Ib. מה להלן נשים חַיָיבוֹת as there (Deut. XXXI, 12) women are included in the obligation; a. v. fr. —2) to act in behalf of a person to the latter’s disadvantage. Erub. VII, 11 ואין חָבִין וכ׳, v. זָכָה. Y. B. Kam. IV, 4ᵇ bot. בתחלה … ע"מ לָחוֹב להן וכ׳ originally guardians are not assigned to minors that they may eventually act to their disadvantage &c.; ואם חָבוּ חָבוּ but if they have done so, their action is legal (and they cannot be held responsible); Y. Gitt. V, 47ᵃ top.—Y. Keth. XI, 34ᵇ bot. נמצאתה חב וכ׳ then you would cause a disadvantage to the relics; a. fr.—ח׳ בעצמו to be alone answerable for one’s loss. Ber. I, 3 כדאי היית לָחוֹב בעצמך thou wouldst have deserved to be made answerable &c., i.e. if you had met with an accident you would have had none but yourself to blame. —3) to owe, be indebted. Shebu. VII, 5; a. fr.—ח׳ חטאת to be bound to bring a sin-offering; ח׳ מיתה to be subject to death penalty. Sabb. VII, 1. Ib. XI, 6 כל חַיְיבֵי חטאת וכ׳ all those eventually bound to bring &c., are not bound, unless &c. Snh. 58ᵇ; a. fr.
Pi. - חִיֵּיב to declare guilty, to convict, sentence (opp. זִיכָּה, פָּטַר). Snh. 6ᵃ ח׳ את הזכאי if a judge (by an illegal decision) convicted one who ought to have been acquitted. Ib. III, 6 ואחד מְחַיֵּיב and one votes for acquittal. Shebu. IV, 13 ר׳ מאיר מח׳ וכ׳ R. M. says, he is guilty (of blasphemy); a. v. fr.—Ex. R. s. 32, beg. חִיַּיבְתֶּם עצמיכם you have given judgment against yourselves. B. Mets. 3ᵇ פיו אין מְחַיְּיבוֹ ממון וכ׳ the defendant’s own statement cannot cause a judgment against him to pay a penalty, but causes the imposition of an oath. Yoma 35ᵇ הלל מח׳ וכ׳, v. הִלֵּל.—Part. pass. מְחוּיָּיב, מְחוּיָּב = חַיָיב, sentenced, bound. Y. Keth. III, 27ᵇ מְחוּיְּיבֵי מיתות those sentenced to death, מ׳ מכות sentenced to lashes.—Ber. 20ᵇ, a. fr. כל שׁאינו מ׳ בדבר וכ׳ whatever is not obligatory upon a person himself, cannot be done by him as a representative of the community, v. חוֹבָה; a. fr.
Hithpa. - הִתְחַיֵּיב,
Nithpa. - נִתְחַיֵּיב 1) to be convicted, amenable to law. Keth. 30ᵇ מי שנ׳ סקילה he who (under Jewish jurisdiction) would have been sentenced to death through stoning. Ib. כבר נ׳ בגניבה וכ׳ he was amenable to punishment for theft, before he transgressed &c. Ib. מִתְחַיֵּיב בנפשו לא הוה וכ׳ but guilty of a deadly sin he was not until he ate it; a. fr. —2) to be responsible. Ab. III, 4, a. fr. הרי זה מתח׳ בנפשו he is responsible for his life, would have himself to blame, if any accident should befall him (v. Ber. 3 quoted above). —3) to be doomed, to have the misfortune to. Tosef. Shebu. III, 4 אין אדם מתח׳ לשמוע וכ׳ one has not the misfortune to hear (a curse &c.), unless he sinned himself (ref. to Lev. V, 1). Ib. הרואה … עבירה נ׳ לראות if one sees people sin, (we say) he had the misfortune to see, opp. זכה.